TUGAS 2 B.INGG BISNIS MAKALAH YULIA FITRI.en.id.id.en.docx
1. PHONOLOGY
NAME OF IMPACT Lecturer: ROZA ELITA S.Pd, M.Pd
MATKUL: BUSINESS ENGLISH 1
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you
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BY:
NAME : YULIA FITRI
ID : 2261201184
MANAGEMENT MAJOR
INDONESIAN PELITA BUSINESS INSTITUTE
NEW PEKANBARU 2022
Translated from Indonesian to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.com
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FOREWORD
Praise and gratitude I pray to the presence of Allah SWT because of His blessings
and grace I was able to finish the paper with the theme of "Ponology" smoothly.
This paper is compiled from the results of the search and compilation of data
related to I realize that in this paper there are still many shortcomings and are still far
from perfect. Therefore, constructive criticism and suggestions are expected from readers
so that I can improve and then be able to arrange other things well. Hopefully this paper
can be useful for all of us in terms of adding insight into phonology.
weekend, 21 october 2022
yulia fitri
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword........................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................... iii
PIG ️ ...................................................................................................................................................1
I.1 BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................................1
I.2 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM ................................................................................................1
I.3 OBJECTIVE OF SETTLEMENT..........................................................................................................2
I.4 THE BENEFITS OF WRITING...........................................................................................................2
CHAPTER II .................................................................................................................................. DISCUSSION
2
II.1 What is Phonology? ......................................................................................................................3
II.2 . ENGLISH PHNOLOGY...................................................................................................................3
II.3 INDONESIAN PHONELOGY ............................................................................................................4
ü Indonesian Phonemes ..........................................................................................................................4
II.4 DIFFERENCES IN ENGLISH & INDONESIAN PHONELOGY...............................................................6
CHAPTER III .......................................................................................................................................CLOSING
7
III.1 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................................7
III.2 MEANS ..........................................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER IV .............................................................................................................................BIBLIOGRAPHY
8
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️
I.1 BACKGROUND
Language is a communication tool used between one individual and another. In language, the goal to
be achieved is the success of the main delivery and our goals to the listener. There are several
things that we must pay attention to in language, one of which is the sound of language or in
linguistic terms called phonology. The phonology of every language in the world has its own
characteristics, especially in the use of vowels and consonants. Phonological characteristics,
especially the use of vowels and consonants in this language, can be seen from the
phonological diversity of Indonesian and English, one of them. In everyday life there are still
many people who use Indonesian but their regional speech or speech is carried over into
Indonesian speech. Not a few people who speak Indonesian, but with pronunciation or
intonation Javanese, Batak, Bugis, Sundanese and others. This is possible because most
Indonesians position Indonesian as a second language. While the first language is the local
language of each. Indonesian is only used in certain communications, such as in official
activities.
I.2 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
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Based on the background of the above problems, the problems that will be presented in this
paper are:
1. Explain the meaning of phonology!
2. Explain about English phonology!
3. Explain about Indonesian phonology!
4. Give an example of the difference between English phonology and Indonesian phonology
I.3 OBJECTIVE OF SETTLEMENT
This paper aims to:
1. To know the meaning of phonology
2. To know about English phonology
3. To know about Indonesian phonology
4. To know the difference between English phonology and phonology
Indonesian
I.4 THE BENEFITS OF WRITING
As for the results of writing this paper, it is hoped that it can provide benefits, namely to
provide information and increase knowledge for further readers about phonology itself.
DISCUSSION
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II.1 What is Phonology?
Etymologically the word phonology comes from the combination of the words fon which
means 'sound' and logi which means 'science'. As a science, phonology is commonly defined
as part of the study of linguistics which studies, discusses, discusses, and analyzes the sounds
of language produced by the human speech organs.
Definition of Phonology according to Fromkin & Rodman (1998:96), phonology is a field
of linguistics that studies, analyzes, and discusses the sequence of sounds of language.
Definition of Phonology according to Trubetzkoy (1962:11-12), phonology is the study of
language with regard to language systems, language organization, and is the study of the
linguistic functions of language.
In the Big Indonesian Dictionary (1997) it is stated that phonology is a field in linguistics
that states the sounds of language according to
function. According to Kridalaksana (2002) in the linguistics dictionary, phonology is a field
in linguistics that defines language sounds according to function. Thus, phonology is the
sound system in Indonesian or it can also be said that phonology is the science of the sounds
of language.
II.2 . ENGLISH PHNOLOGY
Like other languages, English has variation in pronunciation, both historically and
from dialect to dialect.
A phoneme of a language or dialect is an abstraction of different speech sounds or
groups of sounds which are all considered to have the same function as the spoken language or
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dialect. For example, the English word "through" consists of three phonemes: the initial "th"
sound, the "r" sound, and the "oo" vowel sound. Note that the phonemes in this and many
other English words are not always directly related to the letters used to spell them (English
orthography is not like the phonemic ones of certain other languages).
The phonemes of the English language and their number vary from dialect to dialect, and also
depend on individual interpretations. Number of consonant phonemes
generally put at 24 (or more). The number of vowels is subject to greater variation, in
the system there are 20 vowel phonemes in Accepted Pronunciation,14-16 in General
American and 20-21 in Australian English.
II.3 INDONESIAN PHONELOGY
Phonology is a part of grammar or the field of linguistics that analyzes the sounds of
language in general. This field includes two parts, namely:
1. Phonetics, which is a part of phonology that studies how to produce language sounds or
how a language sound is produced by human speech organs.
2. Phonemics, which is a part of phonology that studies speech sounds according to their
function as meaning differentiators.
ü Indonesian Phonemes
Phonemes in Indonesian consist of vowels and consonants.
- Vocalsare speech sounds that do not get blocked when expelled from the lungs.
Vowels are divided into two, namely single vowels (monophthongs) which
include a, i, u, e, o and double vowels (diphthongs), which include ai, au, oi.
- Consonantare speech sounds produced by the lungs and
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encountered obstacles in exit. Examples of consonants include p, b, m, w, f, v, t, d,
n, c, j, k, g, h. Double consonants are called clusters. Examples of clusters on the
words drama, tradition, film, modern.
Meanwhile, Indonesian consonants according to their articulation can be categorized
into three factors, namely (1) the state of the vocal cords, (2) regional articulation, and (3) the
way of articulation. In Indonesian, there are 22 consonants. The way to name a consonant is to
mention the way of articulation first, then the area of articulation and finally the state of the
vocal cords.
Changes in Indonesian phonemes can occur because the pronunciation of speech
sounds has a reciprocal influence between one phoneme and another. Types of phoneme
changes include:
- allophoneis a variation of the phoneme due to the influence of the syllable
environment. Example: vertices. The phoneme /u/ in knots is in a closed syllable
environment and the phoneme /u/ in concluding words is in an open syllable
environment. So, the phoneme /u/ has two allophones, namely [u] and [U].
- assimilationis the process of changing sound from dissimilar to equal or nearly
the same. Example: in + moral ® immoral ® immoral.
- Decisiveis the process of changing the same sound into unequal.
Example: sajjana becomes a scholar.
- Diphthongizedis change monophthong Becomes diphthong.
Example: a member becomes a member.
- Monophthongizationis the process of converting diphthongs into monophthongs.
Example: crowded becomes crowded.
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- Nasalizationis slurring or the process of entering nasal letters (n, m, ng, ny) in a
phoneme. Example: me/m/ hit to hit.
II.4 DIFFERENCES IN ENGLISH & INDONESIAN PHONELOGY
phonologylanguage English and phonology language
Indonesia, has differences. One example of the difference between the two, is in terms of
vowels.
In English phonology, from the front vowel position, English has 5 front vowels,
namely /i/, /I/, /e/, /e/,//; middle vowel //,/A/; and back vowels /u/,/u/,/o/,/a/,//. So the number
of English vowels is 12.
In Indonesian phonology, there are 2 front vowels, namely /i/ and /e/; 1 middle vowel
//; and the three back vowels /u/, /o/ and /a/. The number of vowels in Indonesian is 6.
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CLOSING
III.1 CONCLUSION
Based on the explanation above, it can be said that phonology is a sound system in
language. Phonology includes two scientific studies, namely phonetics and phonemics.
Therefore, in order to achieve a standard pronunciation/phoneme size in the language, it is
necessary to reduce regional pronunciations or intonations, if possible, to avoid them.
Understanding the phonology of language in addition to being able to be a provision in the
use of good and correct language in everyday life can also be useful in developing one's
language skills.
III.2 MEANS
The author hopes that with this paper we can be more interested in learning
Indonesian, but that does not mean foreign languages, one of which is English, we don't need
to learn, but it will be much better if our national language can be mastered well and first,
then we learn languages from other countries. This is also proof that we love our homeland,
Indonesia.
