Computer Fundamental

1. Summery : Theory
Midterm & Finale
Fazlea Allahie

2. Objective
 Introducing Computer Systems
 Looking Inside the Computer System
 Interacting with your computer
 Inputting Data in Other ways
 Video & sound
 The Internet & the world wide web
 email & other Internet Services
 Printing
 Processing Data
 Types of Storage Devices
 Measuring & Improving drive performance
 Using Operating Systems
 Networks
Midterm
Finale

4. Finale
 P r i n t i n g
Today’s world users can’t imagine
working without a Printer. Printing is
essential in most workplace to share
budgets, memos & other purposes.
Types : Most popular Three Types of
Printers
LASER
DOT
MATRIX
INK JET
DOT MATRIX : Most Commonly used Printing
Devices. It works Produce Sheets of Plain
Text very Quickly.
Speed : Slowest 50-70
Characters & Fastest
500 CPS Per Second
Resolutions : Lowest 9
Pins & Highest 24 Pins

5. Finale
 P r i n t i n g
LEASER : Laser is more expensive than Ink
Jet Printers & Quality is Higher & Faster.
It works like Electronic Gun to Target any
Pixel.
Resolutions : 300 0r 600 both Vertically &
Horizontally
INK JET : It Create Image directly on the
paper by Spraying ink through Tiny Nozzles
Color: It’s have four
Nozzles - > Blue/ Magenta
(Red)/ Yellow & Black
Same As
Non-Impact
Printer

6.  Processing Data
DATA : Data Consist of the raw numbers that
computers organize to produce Information
BITS: A Single Units of Data is Called Bit
& 8 bit make up on Byte.
Text Codes : A system, numbers would
represent the letters, punctuation marks &
other Symbols. 04 Most popular Text Code
Systems are-
UNICODE
EXTENDED ASCII
ASCII
EBCDIC

7. CPU : CPU is the “brain’ of the computer
where data is manipulated.
CONTROL UNIT
CPU has Two Basic Parts
ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT
MEMORY : The CPU needs to have millions of bytes of Space when it
can quickly read or write program & data & is called Memory.
02 TYPES
Non Volatile
Nonvolatile chips hold data even the computer is
unplugged
Volatile
Memory lose their contents when the computers
power is shut off
PROM – Programmable
read only memory
ROM RAM

8. FLASH MEMORY : This is Special Type of
non Volatile Memory, It Used in Portable
digital devices for Storage. Different Types
Digital
Camera
MP3 Player USB
Game
Consoles
THE BUS : A bus is a path between the
Components of a computer. System bus has
two parts.
Data Bus Address Bus

9. Magnetic Storage Devices
 Types of Storage Devices
Diskettes Hard Disk
Floppy Disk Memory Tape
FAT : File Allocation Table FAT 32: Upgrade Version
FAT 16: It was used in MS-DOS
Early Windows Operating System
OPTICAL STORAGE DEVICES: The most Popular
alternatives to magnetic Storage Systems
CD-ROM , DVD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW,
DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, PHOTO CD

10.  Measuring & Improving drive performance
DISK CLEANUP : Built-in- Utility called Disk
Cleanup or Uninstalling
FILE COPMRESSION : File Compression
or data Compression is the Technology for
Shrinking the Size of a File to keep more Data.
WINZIP: Is Compressim for PC
 Using Operating Systems
OS : Software Program & Master Control
Program. It Organize 04 major Types
REAL TIME / Single Tasking User/ Single
User Multi Tasking / Multi User Multi
Tasking

11.  Using Operating Systems
GUI : Pronounced Goo-ee is a graphical
user interface short form GUI
RIGHT CLICK : Clicking on right side
of the windows, a small menu appears. The
most common command associated with the
object.
SCREEN SAVERS : This is Popular
Utilities although they serve little purpose.
Automatically appears keyboard or pointing
device.
MENU BAR : Program windows
Horizontal List called Menu Bar

12.  Networks
NETWORK : Set of Technologies
Including Hardware, Software & Media.
To Share Data & Programs.
Common Type of Networks
LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (LANs)
WIDE AREA NETWORKS (WANs)
HYBRID NETWORKS
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS (MANs)
CAMPAS AREA NETWORKS (CANs)
HOME AREA NETWORKS (HANs)
WIRE-BASED MEDIA : The most
common media for data communications are
Twisted pair wire. Example- Coaxial/ Fiber Optic
/ Wireless links

13. WIRELESS MEDIA : This network use
Radio signals through the Air or either for
Transmission Data. Use also Satellite &
Microwave Communication.
GATE WAY : To create a communication
between different types of network placed
at a junction between two or more
Networks.
PROTOCOL : A Protocol as an agreed
upon format for transmitting data
between two devices.
TCP / IP, IPX / SPX & NET
BIOS

14.  Midterm
1 Introducing Computer Systems
2 Looking Inside the Computer System
3 Interacting with your computer
4 Inputting Data in Other ways
5 Video & sound
6 The Internet & the world wide web
7 email & other Internet Services

15. COMPUTER : A computer is an
electronic device that process data,
converting it into Information.
Example – Analog / Digital
COMPLETE COMPUTER SYSTEM
HARDWARE / SOFTWARE/ DATA /
USERS
COMPUTER HARDWARE : MAJOR
04 CATEGORIES
PROCESSOR – LIKE THE
BRAIN
MEMORY
INPUT & OUTPUT STORAGE

16. INPUT DEVICES : Keyboard & Mouse
OUTPUT DEVICES : Monitor & Printer
DATA : Data can be Text, Numbers, Sounds
& Images
INFORMATION : Using all parts together a
computer converts data into Information by
performing various actions on the data.
OPERATING SYSTEM : An operating
system tells the computer how to use its own
component
Windows Linux Mac ox

17. Hardware & Software
SoftwareHardware
GRAPHICS CARD & MORE
PROCESSOR
STORAGE
MOTHER BOARD
RAM
MS EXCEL
MS WORD
SOUND
MS OFFICE
WINDOWS (OS)
ADOBE

18. Most Major Keyboard
ALPHANUMERIC KEYS - QWERT
THE CURSOR – MOVEMENT KEYS -
By Without Using Mouse
THE MODIFIER KEYS – Shift/ALT & CTRL
NUMERIC KEYPAD – Right Side Keyboard
With 10 Digits Operations
THE FUNCTIONAL KEYS – F1, F2, &
More

19. Chat
Instant Message
Electronic Mail
News
& More…
File Transfer
Protocol (FTP)
Online Service
Network of

20. Email In Business Communication
Fastest Modern Business Communications Guider.
Out Sourcing
Record Keeping Low Cost
Networking
Marketing
Job & Career
Development

21. Information Technology In Tourism Industry
Transport
Computer Reservation
System (CRS)
Global Distribution
Systems
Tourism Marketing

23. THE END