2. • As we have seen from the
definitions of AL, this discipline
covers the following areas:
3. 2-Language policy & language planning
1- Language teaching
3-Speech therapy/pathology
4-Lexicography and dictionary making
5-Translation & interpretation
6-Computer assisted language learning/instruction
Areas of AL
4. 1-Language Teaching
•It is generally accepted that AL is not the only
source of advancements in language teaching .
Pedagogy ,psychology , psycholinguistics and
linguistics also deal somewhat with language
teaching.
5. 1-Language Teaching
Today AL can be seen as providing
the intellectual basis for advances
in language teaching in numerous
contexts in a number of countries.
6. Language Teaching
However , the relation between AL
and language teaching is indirect
AL does not take developments in
linguistics and look for ways of
applying them to teaching.
8. 2-Language Policy and Language Planning
AL has often been a great source of
minimizing complex social ,political, economic,
linguistic, and cultural tensions, especially
those in situations such as large-scale
population movement, refugee flow , the
attainment of political independence , and
similar events.
9. 2-Language Policy and Language Planning
AL also plays a vital role in planning the
national or local language(s) of concerned
countries.
10. 2-Language Policy and Language Planning
AL assists language planners by providing
answers to questions like: to whom the
policy/plan applies and at what level.
11. 3-Speech Therapy/Pathology
Speech therapy/pathology or
clinical linguistics is activities
and exercises designed to help
relieve or overcome language
problems or speech defects ( e.g.
stuttering ) or to help someone
regain the use of speech after
having suffered speech loss
12. 3-Speech Therapy/Pathology (clinical linguistics)
In recent years , a revolution
has taken place through the
incorporation of AL into many
professional training courses for
treating patients with speech
disorders by speech therapists .
13. 3-Speech Therapy/Pathology (clinical linguistics)
In addition , both psycholinguists
and neurolinguists have been
working to find out how language
develops in the brain, and how
brain injuries affect both
language memory and language
production .
14. 3-Speech Therapy/Pathology (clinical linguistics)
Better understanding of how
language is processed will
assist in overcoming such
speech disorders.
15. 4-Lexicography and Dictionary Making
Technological developments
in printing and publishing
have made dictionary
making a much more rapid
process.
16. 4-Lexicography and Dictionary Making
A new generation of lexicographers
has emerged whose loyalty lie with
AL. Sinclair’s Cobuild Dictionary
(1987) is a principal example of the
way applied linguists contribute to
lexicography.
17. 4-Lexicography and Dictionary Making
This dictionary is a computerized
database designed to link the learning
of vocabulary thematically to real-
world communicative contexts.
18. 5-Translation and Interpretation
The training of translators and interpreter
now often includes training in AL,
specifically in the area of contrastive
analysis where the translator is trained
to point out the areas of similarities and
differences between languages concerned.
19. 6-Computer Assisted Language Learning
Many programmes and
software have been developed to
assist in learning and teaching
languages.
20. 6-Computer Assisted Language Learning
Computer – Assisted-Language –
Learning (CALL) and Computer –
Assisted-Language-Instruction (CALI)
have emerged , the purpose of which
is to take advantage of this
technology in the fields of learning
and teaching languages
21. CALL / CALI
A. Teaching programme which
is presented by a computer in
a sequence. The student
responds on the computer,
and the computer indicates
whether the responses are
correct or incorrect.
22. CALL / CALI
B. The use of computer to monitor
students’ progress and direct
them to the appropriate lessons,
material, etc.
23. CALL / CALI
C. The use of computer to provide
exploratory environments for
language learning by presenting
problems in need for resolution
and providing tools for further
learning.
24. 1.4 Conclusion
We have so far discussed some of
the applications of the findings
of AL in relation to other sciences
like psychology, education,
medicine, computer science, etc.
In addition , there are other
applications of the findings of AL
in law and in business.
25. AL is basically the study of
second and foreign language
learning and acquisition,
centers on the learner as the
central point of the learning
process.
26. Many recent studies and
researches in this area
concentrates more on the
learner with respect to his
acquiring a foreign language ,
his behaviour , how he processes
the language , his errors, his
attitude and aptitudes and his
motivation for learning the
language, etc.
See this…
28. In the following chapters , we will
see how the learner acquires his
native language, which is usually
referred to as the first language (L1)
and how this acquisition affects his
learning an additional language ,
which is usually referred to as a
second language (L2) .
29. . We will also see how he
commits errors and what the
reasons behind these errors are
? What the non-linguistic
factors that affect his language
development and what
strategies he follows to acquire
the second language are ?
30. .
Reference :
Noor, H. & Al- Qadi, N. (2016). A Course
in Applied Linguistics for EFL/ESL Arab
Students. Berlin: Peter Lang International
Academic Publishers.
31. .
•Thank you so much
•Dr. Fawzi Eltayeb Yousuf Ahmed
email: feltayb12@gmail.com
