Immune system responds to various infections in the body, the presentation highlights the basic immune system responses in the body.

1. IMMUNITY SYSTEM
RESPONSES
Done by: Fahim Aslam

2. Contents
 Specific and Non specific immune response
 Types of Antibodies
 Cell Mediated and Antibody Mediated Immunity
 Vaccines
 Different Types of Immunity
 Allergy and Treatment
 Overview Diagnosis of Immune Response

3. Non Specific Immunity
 These are generally found during innate or natural immunity.
 These are effective from birth onset onwards and non-specific to pathogens
 The production of basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils and monocytes are
produced here

4. Specific Immune Response
 Immunity that develops during the lifetime.
 This develops after being exposed to foreign bodies inside the body
 The production of T cells happen during this response
Figure 1: Immune Response

5. Antibodies
 Antibodies are specific proteins that are able to fight against specific antigens
released by foreign bodies.
 There are different types of antibodies, they are IgG, IgE, IgM, IgA, IgD
Figure 2: Different types of antibodies

6. Cell Mediated & Antibody Mediated Immunity
Figure 3: Humoral vs Cell Mediated Response

7.  Cell Mediated Response the T cells bind to the surface of the other cells that
contain the antigen.
 The interleukin II involved binds and releases and binds with the cells, this
releases the end products as active cytotoxic T cells.
 In humoral response the binding with the interleukin II and releases the B cells
which gives rise to plasma cells which forms the antibodies.

8. Humoral Immunity Cell Mediated Immunity
Main cells being involved are B cells Main cells being involved are T cells
Protect against foreign bodies and
extracellular microbes
Protect against intracellular microbes
only
The B cells differentiate into antibody
secreting plasma cells
The secretion of cytokines are enabled
here
Antibodies are formed here No antibody formation
Both T cells and B cells are involved Only involvement of T cells mainly over
here
Table 1: Humoral Immunity vs Cell Mediated Immunity

9. Vaccination
 Vaccination is a method to prevent patients from specific diseases that can make
you sick, disabled or that leads to death.
 Vaccines contain diseased pathogen that is either weak or dead.
 This provides the body time to make its own antibodies, these antibodies are
able to stay for a long period of time inside the body which can fight the disease
again when exposed to it.
 The most common vaccines are MMR, Polio

10. Figure 4: The different types of Antibiotic Reacting

11. Different Types of Immunity
 Naturally acquired active – Body produces its own antibodies
 Naturally acquired passive – The body obtains its own antibodies which are
inherited from the mother.
 Artificially acquired active – The body gets used to the antigen and produces its
own antibodies after being exposed to a specific antigen
 Artificially acquired passive - The patient is given vaccination where the patient
gets used after artificially injected.

12. Allergy in the Immune System
 Allergies form when the immune system responds to the specific substances,
these could vary from being mild diseases to life threatening ones.
 The person becomes allergic when the body develops antigens against a specific
substance.
 The immune system may over react and produce antibodies that attack the
allergen, the most common symptoms may be itching, runny nose or wheezing
 The IgE antibodies are the most common ones that are very specific and that can
react with allergens.

13. Anaphylaxis
 This also known as anaphylactic shock can lead to life threatening conditions
which are caused by reacting with the allergens
 The body tissues begin to swell off, blood pressure reduces.
 This could be due to the allergic reaction against a specific food, m=drug or
insect bite.

14. Treatment
 Anti-histamine drugs – The H1 blockers, Benadryl or cetirizine are examples
 Decongestants
 Epinephrine in severe cases like anaphylaxis

15. Figure 5 : Allergic Reaction Mechanisms

16. Overview Diagnosis of Immune System
Figure 6: Diagnosis of Immune System