The document discusses differentiating between countable and uncountable nouns, and using "how much" and "how many" correctly. It provides examples of countable nouns like apples and pencils that can be used with "how many" and uncountable nouns like food and money that are used with "how much". The document also models asking and answering questions using "how much" and "how many" with different nouns and responses like "I've got lots of" and "I haven't got much/many".