Experience of CIMMYT and its partners with the multiple dimensions of appropriate mechanization in Eastern and Southern Africa
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Mechanization is more than engineering. This presentation explores the ramification of appropriate mechanization in terms of sustainable intensification & climate-smart agriculture, equity, and commercialization through private sector involvement.
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Experience of CIMMYT and its partners with the multiple dimensions of appropriate mechanization in Eastern and Southern Africa
- 1. Experience of CIMMYT and its partners with the multiple dimensions of appropriate mechanization in ESA Frédéric Baudron (PhD), Systems Agronomist, CIMMYT Zimbabwe 23rd October 2018, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- 2. In this meeting… We are not here to talk of: • Demand for mechanization • Usual challenges (resource-constrained farmers, etc) • Machinary designs • Comparative performance We are here to talk of: • The contribution of mechanization to intensification with minimum negative consequences for the environment (including climate) • The contribution of mechanization to social inclusion (the poor, women, youth) • Effective ways to scale mechanization through commercialization
- 3. Appropriate mechanization in the context of sustainable intensification and climate-smart agriculture
- 4. Crop establishment is the most critical operation… … and one of the most power intensive 7 days difference (from Baudron et al., 2015)
- 5. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Manual MT 2BFG Labourrequirement(person.hoursha-1) Planting Fertilizing Lining 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Conventional establishment Mechanized CA Labourrequirement(person.hourha-1) Plowing Furrow opening Planting Fertilizing Furrow closing Planting + Fertilizing Herbicide spraying Downtime Quick (and timely) crop establishment
- 6. Extreme simplification of land preparation
- 7. Efficient use of resources
- 8. Appropriate mech to stimulate the adoption of SI/CSA technologies 2014-15: no 2WT-based DS 2015-16: 5 ha of 2WT-based DS 2016-17: 28 ha of CA 2017-18: acquired their own tractor and planter (> 60 ha)
- 9. Appropriate mech to stimulate the adoption of SI/CSA technologies
- 10. Low fuel consumption 3.4 L/ha 9.3 L/ha
- 11. Energy use efficiency and ‘climate-smartness’ vs
- 12. Appropriate mechanization and social inclusiveness
- 13. Who has access to mechanization? Youth? Men?
- 14. Who has access to mechanization? Equity? Pro-poor? 0 50 100 150 200 250 4WT Conv DA Conv 2WT CA Costofestablishingamaizecrop (US$ha-1) Ploughing Discing Planting 23.5 2.6 2.3 0 5 10 15 20 25 4WT Conv DA Conv 2WT CA Procurementcost(kUS$)
- 15. Mwanga Youth Group: shelled 344 tones of maize in one season and earned almost US$ 6,700
- 16. Gender impact • ~ 250 US$ • Huge reduction in drudgery (from 12 days/tone to 1 hour/tone) • Economic empowerement? • Nutrition? • Child development?
- 17. Models to scale out appropriate mechanization through commercialization
- 18. Market Assessment Create partnership and R&D Pilot & demo Commercialization Innovation and Scaling Sequence TechnologyAdoption Time Trigger Uptake Enterprise Performance Sector Growth Interventions proposed Opportunities identified Co-creation of improved products R&D rapid prototyping with private sector actors Private sector interest secured Early adoption of the technology Business Strategy formulated Investment from PSAs Spontaneous adoption of technology Sales and commercial results More PSAs enter the market Growth in ancillary service providers Higher level of investment Product diversification and new innovation Source: Adapted from iDE and World Bank
- 19. 2WTs & ancillary equipment Smallholder farmers Direct seeding / Transporting / Threshing/ Shelling Services SUPPLY DEMAND Government policy / subsidy SUPPORTING FUNCTIONS REGULATORY FUNCTIONS Regulations on machinary imports Informal rules / norms Finance Information Promotion Knowledge & Skills Coordination Standards Business Model Approach
- 20. Promotion
- 22. Importer/ Manufacturers 10 Importers METEC AMIO TGT Dealers Service Providers End users Support sectors Enabling environment Union/ Cooperatives & individual SPs Commercial farmers Middle income farmers Smallholder farmers Women farmers Regional bureau of Agriculture Youth groups Regional agents MFI’s Garages Spare parts shops Media Mechanization policy Mechanization strategy Testing & standardization Financial policy Extension systems AMTS, ESFRE Interested groups Coordination
- 23. Information