Applications of biotechnologies in the forestry sector. y.zheng

Application of biotechnologies in
the forestry sector
Yongqi ZHENG
National Forest Genetic Resources Platform
Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
FAO Regional Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and
Nutrition in Asia-Pacific , Kula Lumpur, September 11-13， 2017

FAO Regional Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable
Food Systems and Nutrition in Asia-Pacific , Kula Lumpur, September 11-13， 2017
Propagation
Tissue culture
Genetic transformation
Transgenesis
In vitro culture
Stress resistence
Modification of lignin
RNA interference
MAS，QTL
Applications
of biotech in
forestry
sector

Propagation
Conservation of species at risk, rare
and endangered, or of special values
Micropropagation
Cryopreservation

Tissue culture
Generally used for aseptic culture of cells, tissues,
organs and their components under certain conditions in
vitro.
The important basis for clonal forestry, in which R&D will
be largely used to advancing the clonal forestry.
Most issues for tissue culture are related to clonal
forestry and need to be evaluated.

FAO Regional Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition in
Asia-Pacific , Kula Lumpur, September 11-13， 2017
4 types of plant tissue culture

More types of plant tissue cultures

Genetic transformation
Overcome constraints by long-term breeding
cycle, species barriers, narrow genetic base
Objective is improvement of productivity and
quality
Eucalyptus, Pinus, Picea, Populus and Rubber

Stages of Genetic Transformation

Genetic transformation in Populus

Transgenesis
Organogenesis and embryogenesis used to obtain transgenic
trees. Transformation main by agrobacterium, a few by
particle bombardment.
Possible to introduce new characteristics without adverse
effects on overall genetic make-up; overcome genetic barriers
between species in shorter time frame.
Difficulties in regeneration; instability during the long life-
span of trees, incl. transgenic silencing and soma-clonal
variation.

In vitro culture
Regenerate through organogenesis and
embryogenesis
Organogenesis for poplars and
eucalypts; embryogenesis for conifers
Drawback: Somatic embryogenesis uses
juvenile material as initial explants

The Difference between In vitro and In vivo

Abiotic stress resistance
Limited progress due to involvement of coordinated
expression of several genes, known abiotic-stress-
associated genes from other species;
Recent progress in Eucalyptus grandis and E. globulus
through studies in genomics, tanscriptomics and
proteomics, and genomic sequence of E. grandis;
Overexpression of a peper ERF/AP2 transcription factor
CaPF1 could result in increase of tolerance to drought,
freeaing and salt stress in east white pine;

Biotic stress resistance
Insect resistance improved by genetic engineering in
Hybrid triploid poplar transformed with (CpTI) gene
displayed resistance to 3 defoliating insects:
Caterpillar, gypsy moth and willow moth;
Chinese white poplar displayed increase of resistance
to a pathogenic fungus by expressing a chitinase
gene from Beauveria bassiana (Bbchit1);

Modification of lignin
Emphasis on reducing lignin content, and new
consideration to include greater lignin reactivity; which
are two major barriers to wood-pulp production;
Multigene co-transfer system is useful for genetic
engineering and functional genomics;
Chinese white poplar was successful in reducing lignin
content by transformation of antisense 4CL gene, 41.73%
reduction of lignin content compared to that of wild trees.

RNA interference
RNAi is used to down-regulate gene expression, can be
used to knock out all copies of a given gene, providing
insight into its functionality; RNAi can specifically
silence individual genes, creating knockout phenotypes;
Studies suggest that RNAi can be highly effective for
functional genomics and biotechnology of perennial
plants. It has enabled to develop varieties of Coffee
with very low caffeine content, thus bypass the need of
extraction.

RNA Interference Model

MAS and QTL mapping
MAS was used to accelerate breeding through early selection.
Genetic linkage maps have been developed to locate the QTL in the
chromosome.
Limitations include the low resolution of marker-trait association,
the small proportion of phenotypic variation explained by QTL and
difficulty in validating QTL in different genetic background and
environments;
Association genetics was developed to identify genes responsible
for trait variation; Sequence based SNPs significantly associated
with trait variation were then used for early selection; It reduces
genotyping costs and improves efficiencies in gene discovery.

Marker Assisted Selection(MAS)

Other applications
Using plant cell culture technology to excrete the tree cells into the
secondary metabolites in the liquid medium by bioreactor. Then
isolate and purify products that can be used in pharmaceuticals,
cosmetics and dyes.
Cell culture was used to produce pharmaceutical ingredients,
alkaloids, active peptides, pigments and flavors, etc.
Some technology has been put into industrialized production, such
extraction of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng cells, extraction of
Luteolin from Digitalis purpurea, extraction of taxol from Taxus
chinensis, etc.

Genetic
transformation
Tissue culture RNA
interference
MAS and QTL in vitro techniques Fermentation
engineering
Populus spp. Populus spp. Betula
platyphylla Suk.
Hippophae rhamnoides
Linn.
Populus spp. Populus spp.
Pinus spp. Eucalyptus spp. Taxus madia Pinus yunnanensis Eucalyptus spp. Cinnamomum
bodinieri Levl.
Eucalyptus spp. Cunninghamia lanceolata
（Lamb.）Hook.
Camellia oleifera
Abel.
Pinus massoniana Lamb Pinus armandii Franch Rubus
corchorifolius L. f.
Betula platyphylla
Suk.
Haworthia retusa×cooperi
cv.‘Variegata’
Boehmeria nivea
(L.) Gaudich.
pinus elliottii Juglans regia Broussonetia
papyrifera
Picea asperata Mast. Vaccinium Spp. Castanea mollissima BL. Pinus massoniana Lamb.
Juglans regia Arundo donax Ginkgo biloba L. Picea abies (L.) Karst.
Platanus acerifolia Phalaenopsis spp. Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var.
spinosa
Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.)
Hook.
Salix babylonica Anoectochilus roxburghii Salix babylonica Liriodendron chinense × tulipifera
Liquidambar
formosana Hance
Ilex hainanensis Merr. Fraxinus velutina Torr Morus alba L
Paulownia Dendrobium Taxus chinensis (Pilger)
Rehd.
Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem.
Castanea mollissima
Bl.
Swida walteri (Wanger.)
Sojak
Osmanthus sp. Pyrus spp.
Camellia sinensis Betula pendula Roth Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) M
akino
Malus pumila Mill.
Carica papaya L. Cerasus subhirtella Miq .var Toona ciliata Roem. Cryptocarya latifolia
Olea europaea. Albizia falcataria (Linn.)
Fosberg
Eucalyptus, > 50 species
Jatropha carcas L. Tectona grandis Liriodendron
Malus robusta Rehd. Catalpa bungei Eucommia ulmoides
Several pine species

Conclusion
Biotech can be applied in
most fields of forestry to
meet human needs
It needs much more
investment to support
R&D in biotech
PPP model for industrial
biotech innovations

谢谢大家！
Thank you！

Applications of biotechnologies in the forestry sector. y.zheng

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Applications of biotechnologies in the forestry sector. y.zheng