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12Q1How does gender identity develop What factors (cult
- 1. 1 2 Q1 How does gender identity develop? What factors (cultural, social, peers, siblings, etc.) do parents need to focus on to ensure a healthy overall identity in their children? Take a few minutes and reflect on your middle childhood/early adolescence years. If you could go back in time and talk to that version of you, what would you say? Based on what you learned this week and your own personal experience, write a letter to the younger you. Keep in mind the developmental changes you were going through and give the younger you advice on school, peers, sports, family, etc. Q2 Youth sports participation involves a large number of individuals in the United States. The competition level is very competitive at the youngest of ages. Organizing and running successful youth sport leagues is a daunting task. Surveys show that kids participate in sports to have fun, be with friends and learn. Coaches and parents surveyed simply stated winning as the most important thing. With all of the millions of dollars professional athletes are paid it is no wonder mom and dad want their son or daughter to be the best at everything. How would you handle the following scenario? You are the director of a youth basketball league in a large city with thousands of kids participating. You count on parental involvement to coach your teams, but you continue to have verbal abuse problems with parents towards the referees, opposing team's parents, and even children playing against their team. Using bullet points, present a policy for dealing with these parents and their child.
- 2. Q3 Little Jimmy, who is fifteen years old, is a high school football player at Dead End High School. At the start of every football season, the school’s athletic department requires that each student under eighteen years old get parental permission. On the back of the parental permission form is a waiver and release clause. It states: The risk of injury to my child from the activities involved in these programs is significant, including the potential for permanent disability and death, and while particular rules, equipment, and personal discipline may reduce this risk, the risk of serious injury does exist; and, 1. FOR MYSELF, SPOUSE, AND CHILD, I KNOWINGLY AND FREELY ASSUME ALL SUCH RISKS, both known and unknown, EVEN IF ARISING FROM THE NEGLIGENCE OF THE RELEASES or others, and assume full responsibility for my child’s participation; and, 2. I willingly agree to comply with the program’s stated and customary terms and conditions for participation. If I observe any unusual significant concern in my child’s readiness for participation and/or in the program itself, I will remove my child from the participation and bring such attention of the nearest official immediately; and, 3. I myself, my spouse, my child, and on behalf of my/our heirs, assigns, personal representatives and next of kin, HEREBY RELEASE AND HOLD HARMLESS ______________________________________; (Legal Name Of Your Sports Program, Ex: League Name) its directors, officers, officials, agents, employees, volunteers, other participants, sponsoring agencies, sponsors, advertisers, and if applicable, owners and lessors of premises used to conduct the event (“Releasees”), WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INJURY, DISABILITY, DEATH, or loss or damage to person or property incident to my child’s involvement or participation in these programs, WHETHER ARISING FROM THE NEGLIGENCE OF THE RELEASEES OR OTHERWISE, to the fullest extent
- 3. permitted by law. 4. I, for myself, my spouse, my child, and on behalf of my/our heirs, assigns, personal representatives and next of kin, HEREBY INDEMNIFY AND HOLD HARMLESS all the above Releasees from any and all liabilities incident to my involvement or participation in these programs, EVEN IF ARISING FROM THEIR NEGLIGENCE, to the fullest extent permitted by law. I HAVE READ THIS RELEASE OF LIABILITY AND ASSUMPTION OF RISK AGREEMENT, FULLY UNDERSTAND ITS TERMS, UNDERSTAND THAT I HAVE GIVEN UP SUBSTANTIAL RIGHTS BY SIGNING IT, AND SIGN IT FREELY AND VOLUNTARILY WITHOUT ANY INDUCEMENT. ___________________________________ __________________________________ (PARENT/GUARDIAN SIGNATURE) (PRINT NAME) Date Signed:___________________________________ UNDERSTANDING OR RISK I understand the seriousness of the risks involved in participating in this program, my personal responsibilities for adhering to rules and regulation, and accept them as a participant. ___________________________________ __________________________________ (PARTICIPANT SIGNATURE) (PRINT NAME) Date Signed:___________________________________ Little Jimmy’s mother and father are not supportive of Little Jimmy’s decision to play football. Last season, Little Jimmy broke his leg during a game, resulting in months of physical rehabilitation. Because of his parents’ reluctance, Little Jimmy forged his mother and father’s signature. The next day, Little Jimmy hands in the form with the forged signatures. During a game later in the season, Little Jimmy suffered a heart attack. Thereafter, Little Jimmy’s parents sued the school, arguing that
- 4. he should not have been playing football and that the school had not ensured that he was physically fit to play. The school raised the signed permission form with the release/waiver provisions in its defense. Little Jimmy’s parents argued that they never signed the form. Please analyze this situation. CLB 475 – Seminar Spring 2020 Research Proposal (20% of final grade) The final research proposal is a combination of the Literature Review and Methodology assignments in one paper. The guidelines for the research proposal are as follows: • There should be ONE cover page and ONE reference list; these pages do not count towards the page limit • Literature review section: o 4 to 6 pages in length o Contain all sections specified in the Literature Review Instructions and Rubric document o AT LEAST five (5) primary references should be used o References must be included as in-text citations in the body of
- 5. the literature review and in the reference list o All references (primary and secondary) should be formatted in APA format • Methodology section o 1 to 2 pages in length o Contain all sections as specified in the Methodology Instructions and Rubric document • The entire document should be formatted in Times New Roman font, size 12, 1-inch margins, and double-spaced. • The entire document should not exceed 10 pages. All pages, except the cover page, should be numbered. • Proper grammar and spelling are required. _____________________________________________________ _________________________ Rubric for Assessment of Research Proposal: Rubric for Assessment of Literature Review Rubric for Assessment of Methodology
- 6. • Problem statement – 1 point • Description of published literature on topic – 3 points • Purpose – 1 point • Significance – 1 point • Research question – 1 point • Hypothesis – 1 point • Design – 1 point • Variables – 2 points • Participants – 2 point • Controls – 1 point • Sampling – 1 point • Validity and Reliability – 1 point • Data Collection Technique – 1 point • Research ethics – 1 point • References and in-text citations in APA format – 1 point • Format and page limit – 0.5 point • Proper grammar and spelling – 0.5 point Data/PresetImageFill3-27.jpg Data/PresetImageFill2-26.jpg Data/PresetImageFill1-25.jpg Data/PresetImageFill5-29.jpg Data/PresetImageFill0-24.jpg
- 8. preview-web.jpg 1 Literature Review on How Biofilm Affect the Patient Recovery at the Hospital Student’s Name Professor’s Name Course Name Date 2 Introduction Regulating biofilms for injury and insertion can have a variety of adverse effects on patient well-being, including delayed recovery and implant evacuation. Biofilm drugs currently
- 9. do not completely destroy or prevent microbial colonization, indicating the need for further research. The final review of drugs for biofilms focuses on components of nanotechnology-based drug delivery, combination therapy, and coupling repair. Ultrasonic cleaning and hydrogels, as well as recent improvements in incorporation, have great potential for use in discrete trauma and medicine applications. This study reviews various literatures on the development of microorganisms in biofilms and how it affects patient recovery at the hospital. Patients with biofilms wounds excrete various microbes from their own skin and current state, and if they receive hospitalization for treatment, they are likely to receive MRE and HAI from surfaces, patients, staff, and emergency department equipment (Wu et al., 2018). This literature states that such patients have high levels of biofilm contamination for biofilm reduction applications in consuming patients include silver and various metals. Other elements indicating this condition include disinfectants, hydrogels, light and sonic treatments to initiate atomic
- 10. sensitization to deliver dynamic oxygen (Wu et al., 2018). Small particles of these contaminants allow penetration into the dividing layer of cells, glycans, lactobacilli and treatment with phages. Other scholars such as Muhammad et al. (2020) and Barzegari et al. (2020) assert that the accumulation of microorganisms can be immobile and live and attached to the surface. The regimen of this group of people is not the same as that of planktonic development, where microorganisms are isolated and flexible in environment (Muhammad et al., 2020). Cecillus cells differ from planktonic cells in their morphology, physiology and qualitative articulation. The ability to adhere to and thrive on surfaces such as biofil ms is a gradual survival process that 3 allows microorganisms to colonize the zone (Muhammad et al., 2020). Microbes are constantly changing from planktonic aggregates to sedentary ones. This variety of conditions is key for cells
- 11. as they allow rapid changes in their natural state. Wound swelling can be characterized as the ability of microorganisms to thrive when antimicrobial compounds are present in the climate. The obstructive component is hereditary and prevents the antitoxin from working for its purpose (Barzegari et al., 2020). This literature indicates that the term resistance should be used for microbes that may be caused by high-class antibiotics but whose development is delayed. This element, which explicitly describes the life of sessile bacteria, is reversible, phenotypic and non-obtainable. Biofilm bacterial cells resuspended in liquid media will regain their in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. The journal by Thi et al. (2020) shows that the size of bacterial biofilm is a major brake in the phagocytic cycle. During internal immune reactions, macrophages and neutrophils are rapidly activated upon direct contact with microorganisms (Thi et al., 2020). Here, the rapid safe response leads to significant neutrophil accumulation around the biofilm structure associated with oxygen exhaustion due to functional stimulation of
- 12. oxidative digestion when subatomic oxygen is reduced to superoxide. Phagocytic cells infiltrate with extracellular tissue problems. Thi et al. (2020) assert that these cells recover and are more susceptible to inactivation by bacterial chemicals. In addition, prolonged neutrophil lysis causes a flux to a noxious mixed environment that is responsible for subsequent tissue damage. Resistant host response is the main reason behind hard tissue damage by bacterial contamination. Regarding the memory of resistant scaffold reactions, it has been reported that CF patients emit specific antibodies against bacterial mixtures such as elastase, LPS or flagella. This information indicates that the antigenic determinant has been killed by continued lung 4 contamination (Magana et al., 2018). Unfortunately, these antibodies have been shown to contribute to the accelerated assembly of immune structures in the parenchyma and result in
- 13. extreme tissue damage through complementary initiation and opsonization of neutrophils, particularly by bypass. This literature postulate that the resistance of biofilms to external influences, especially antitoxin drugs, is an unusual element. According to this research, the MICs of antimicrobial formulations that were successful against sessile microbes were 10 times greater than those that were dynamic in their planktonic presentation (Magana et al., 2018). This decrease in antimicrobial resistance can have several causes. Usually inherent in biofilms, but can also be acquired through the inheritance of opposing factors. Magana et al. (2018) state that the extracellular lattice provides a mechanical barrier that limits the spread of infection within the biofilm and its access to microorganisms. The electrostatic charge or some part of the lattice binds and traps the antimicrobial atoms. The overall high consistency of the polymer network may also prevent the anti-infective from reaching its focus in the deeper layers of the local area of the bacteria (Magana et al., 2018).
- 14. Thus, microscopic organisms in the outer layers of the biofilm pass after antimicrobial treatment, while those in the deeper layers have a chance to react. This study shows that the polymer binds to antimicrobial compounds in the periplasm, causing the antitoxin to diffuse into the cell and preventing it from reaching its site of activity. Hartmann et al. (2019) note that the antitoxins has a unique capacity in combating the climate and limiting the development of competitors. The production of antimicrobial agents by the microorganisms themselves allows the killing of hunters. Anti-infective atoms are only a small part of the natural mixture created by microscopic organisms (Hartmann et al., 2019). Therefore, it is highly expected that they may affect the overall metabolic capacity for correcting microbes, like other comparable brands. Phylogenetic studies have supported this suspicion that 5 antimicrobial safe properties existed in the bacterial genome long before the widespread use of
- 15. antitoxins. A comparative article “Emergence of three- dimensional order and structure in growing biofilms. Nature Physics” is concerned about metagenomic studies which demonstrate the presence of an ancient and distinct set of properties of - lactamases, despite the unknown climate of this antimicrobial family. Antimicrobial mixtures appear to go about as flagging particles, controlling the homeostasis of bacterial networks to initiate explicit quality record. As sessile cells are fundamentally less delicate to antimicrobials, biofilm arrangement would be an essential development of bacterial populaces to balance non-deadly portions of anti-toxins created by soil microorganisms (Magana et al., 2018). This case infers that antimicrobials can likewise be useful for the endurance of helpless planktonic cells in nature. In this manner, they can allow a more proficient colonization of heterogeneous conditions. Particularly at subinhibitory levels, anti- microbials regulate bacterial destructiveness, stress reaction, motility, and biofilm arrangement.
- 16. Generally, clinical microbial science research centers have zeroed in on the way of life of separated bacterial strains and give their defenselessness to anti-microbials in characterizing the breakpoints and the PK/PD boundaries under planktonic development conditions (Thi et al., 2020). The relating anti-toxin treatments, in view of non- disciple microorganisms, are frequently connected with treatment disappointments and additionally repeat of the disease. No rules are proposed to clinicians to effectively treat biofilm diseases, which can result to misleading negative information in the event that the examples don't essentially address the primary contamination. Furthermore, as Thi et al. (2020) state, there is still no accessible normalized instrument to recognize effectively the presence of sessile cells in a clinical example and permit assurance 6 of their particular anti-infection helplessness. As biofilm microscopic organisms are intrinsically
- 17. more lenient to antimicrobials, the foundation of the relating breakpoints to anticipate helpful achievement is required. New strategies checking the impact/reaction of biofilm cells to anti- microbial treatment should be planned. Presently, two advancements were grown however not yet normalized for a fast standard use in medical clinic research facilities. Conclusion The treatment of bacterial diseases with artificially unmistakable anti-infection agents can prompt an assortment of reactions from sessile microscopic organisms. Notwithstanding the expanded resilience of microorganisms toward antimicrobials, a few atoms are generally successful against recently follower microbes. In clinical practice, when situations allow, concerning the diabetic condition for example, to fall back on effective organization to give high neighborhood fixations to the disease site without fundamental aftereffects. However, various investigations have likewise portrayed that low dosages of anti - toxins can altogether actuate
- 18. biofilm development in vitro for an assortment of bacterial animal categories. More literatures on anti-microbial prompted biofilm development are expected to clarify the elaborate components. Clinical preliminaries that check the importance of this interaction in patients and the likely relationship with treatment will likewise be exceptionally useful. The possibility of integral tests assessing the weakness of free and sessile cells to anti -toxins would likewise permit the improvement of the overall utilization of antimicrobials in the treatment of biofilm-related contaminations. References 7 Barzegari, A., Kheyrolahzadeh, K., Hosseiniyan Khatibi, S. M., Sharifi, S., Memar, M. Y., & Zununi Vahed, S. (2020). The Battle of probiotics and their derivatives against Biofilms. Infection and Drug Resistance, 13, 659-
- 19. 672. https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s232982 Hartmann, R., Singh, P. K., Pearce, P., Mok, R., Song, B., Díaz- Pascual, F., Dunkel, J., Drescher, K. (2019). Emergence of three-dimensional order and structure in growing biofilms. Nature Physics, 15(3), 251-256. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0356-9 Magana, M., Sereti, C., Ioannidis, A., Mitchell, C. A., Ball, A. R., Magiorkinis, E., Chatzipanagiotou, S., Hamblin, M. R., Hadjifrangiskou, M., & Tegos, G. P. (2018). Options and limitations in clinical investigation of bacterial Biofilms. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 31(3). https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00084-16 Muhammad, M. H., Idris, A. L., Fan, X., Guo, Y., Yu, Y., Jin, X., Qiu, J., Guan, X., & Huang, T. (2020). Beyond risk: Bacterial Biofilms and their regulating approaches. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00928 Thi, M. T., Wibowo, D., & Rehm, B. H. (2020). Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(22),
- 20. 8671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228671 Wu, Y., Cheng, N., & Cheng, C. (2018). Biofilms in chronic wounds: Pathogenesis and diagnosis. Trends in Biotechnology, 37(5), 505- 517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.10.011 https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s232982 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0356-9 https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00084-16 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00928 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228671 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.10.011 1 SEMINAR PAPER METHODOLOGY 4 Seminar Paper Methodology Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation
- 21. Seminar Paper Methodology Design Experimental design refers to the way participants are located within different groups of experiments. In this research study, the researcher will use repeated measures experimental research design as a methodology. Repeated measures are an experimental design where the same participants take part in every condition of the independent variable. Therefore, every condition in the experiment will use a similar set of participants. This type of experimental design is also known as the within-group or subject design with the advantage of reduced participant variables. More so, it requires fewer people to take part hence, time-saving. Variables The research study has both independent and dependent variables. The independent variable, in this case, is the level of preparedness of CLS students towards their future goals and career. In contrast, the dependent variable is their confidence or perceptions towards their future goals and careers. Participants In this study, the research will select participants enrolled in junior and senior CLS programs within the university. There are inclusion and exclusion criteria for each of the participants; i. Inclusion criteria: must be enrolled into the junior or senior CLS program within the specified institution. ii. Exclusion criteria: persons not enrolled in junior or senior CLS program within the specified institution. Controls A control group is separated from the entire experiment to avoid independent variables from affecting the results. Therefore, control groups isolate the effects of independent variables on the experiment, hence, can help rule out the alternative explanation of the study results. In this case, the control group will be other students enrolled in other curriculum programs other than CLS. The control group will not receive any
- 22. treatments or manipulated variables. Therefore, no ethical issue will arise during the study. Sampling In this study, the research will use the simple random sampling method in selecting participants. This is a great probability method of sampling that is time-saving and uses fewer resources. It is reliable when used to obtain information because each participant is randomly selected. The research study will use a slightly larger sample size to maximize the results. There will be 60 experimental samples versus 20 participants in the control group. Validity and reliability The researcher in this study will ensure the experiment's validity by thoroughly researching and basing the findings on existing knowledge. More so, the researcher's conclusions will be accurately generalized to the population of participants. Similarly, reliability will be ensured through the tools and techniques used in the data collection process. Thus, the researcher will ensure that the results are precise, stable, and producible by carefully planning the methods and ensuring each measurement's relevant steps. Data collection technique This research will utilize various data collection techniques, including observation, use of questionnaires, and interviews. The researcher will observe the experimental group and the control groups notice any changes in their level of preparedness towards their future goals and careers. The researcher will directly administer questionnaires to the participants and wait for their responses. Lastly, the participants will take part in interviews with the help of interviewers to interpret the questions. Research ethics Participation in this research study is completely voluntary. This will be indicated on the consent form, allowing participants to withdraw from the study whenever they feel like it without fear of any penalties. It is voluntary because the
- 23. participants can refuse to participate in the study. Participants will earn 5% extra credit for every 60 minutes spent in the study applicable to their CLS course. The study has minimal risks, such as emotional discomfort, fear, and anxiety. Lastly, confidentiality will be ensured by having a pseudonym to protect the participant’s identity. No one else other than the research will access the information collected.