penicillin ampicillin antibiotic beta lactam bacterocidal cell wall gram positive gram negative second world war Alexander Fleming first antibiotic angieoedema Penicillin V Penicillin G Benzathine Penicillin

2. INTRODUCTION
• An antibiotic or group of antibiotics produced naturally by certain
species of Penicillium fungi , now usually prepared synthetically.
• Penicillin was discovered accidentally in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, a
Scottish researcher, and during the Second World War became the first
antibiotic to be used by doctors.

3. MECHANISM OF ACTION
• Beta-lactam antibiotics
• Interferes with cell wall mucopeptide synthesis during active
multiplication, resulting in bactericidal activity against susceptible
microorganisms

4. USES
• Bacterial
endocarditis.
• Syphilis.
• Anthrax.
• Diphtheria.
• Tonsillitis.

5. DRUG OF CHOICE
• It covers Gram positive and some of Gram negative bacteria.
• Many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive
use.
But still it is the drug of choice for the following:
• Neisseria meningitides
• Group B streptococcal infection
• Clostridium perfringens
• Viridans Streptococci and Streptococcus bovis endocarditis
• Syphilis

6. ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
Penicillin V (Oral)
Administer orally with a full glass of
water 1 hour before or 2 hours after
meals. Affected by acid.
Penicillin G
(I.V.)
Slow I.V.
Benzathine
Penicillin (I.M)
Deep I.M.

7. SIDE EFFECTS
Allergy up
to 10%

8. PREGNANCY & LACTATION & CSF
• Pregnancy Category: B
• Lactation: Excreted into breast milk, caution advised.
• Poorly penetrate into the CSF except when the meninges are inflamed.

9. AMPICILLIN

10. MECHANISM OF ACTION
• Beta-lactam antibiotics
• Interferes with cell wall mucopeptide synthesis during active
multiplication, resulting in bactericidal activity against susceptible
microorganisms

11. USES

12. DRUG OF CHOICE
• It covers Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria with broader
spectrum than penicillin.
• It is the drug of choice for the following:
• Listeria monocytogenes meningitis
• Enterococcal UTIs
• Shigella especially in children
• Neonatal S. agalactiae meningitis

13. ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
Ampicillin (Oral
suspension)
Ampicillin
(Capsules)
Ampicillin
(I.M./I.V.)

14. SIDE EFFECTS

15. PREGNANCY & LACTATION & CSF
• Pregnancy Category: B
• Lactation: Excreted into breast milk, caution advised.
• Poorly penetrate into the CSF except when the meninges are inflamed.

17. REFERENCES
• Drugs.com
• Medscape
• BNF for Children 2016-2017
• Wikipedia