level of biosafety contamination and decontamination.

1. BIOSAFETY
LEVEL
CONTAIMINATION AND
DISCONTAMINATION

2. Jens
Martensson
OUTLINE:
 What is biosafety?
 Why we need?
 Biosafety level
 Types
 Containment
 Discontamination
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3. Jens
Martensson
SAFETY
“Biosafety” means the need to protect
human and animal health and
environment from the possible
adverse effects of the products of
modern biotechnology.
Biosafety defines the containment
conditions under which infectious
agents can be safely manipulated.
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4. Jens
Martensson
Why we need
safety???
 Lab has hazards of processing infectious
agents.
 Accidental threat to workers and
environment.
 To have adherence with safety
regulations while dealing with highly
infectious agents.
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5. Jens
Martensson
Biosafety levels (BSL) are used to identify
the protective measures needed in a
laboratory setting to protect workers, the
environment, and the public.
 The levels are defined in Biosafety in
Biomedical Laboratories (the BMBL).
 The four biosafety levels are:
 BSL-1
 BSL-2
 BSL-3
 BSL-4, with BSL-4 being the highest
(maximum) level of containment.
Level of Biosafety
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6. Jens
Martensson
 Microbes not known consitwntly to cause disease in healthy adults and prevent
minimal potential hazard to lab and environment.
 E.g : non pathogenic strain of E.coli.
BSL - 1 practices:
 Standard microbiological practices are followed:
 Work can be performed on an open table or bench
 PPE(Personal Protective Equipment) needed
 Sink – Hand washing
 Lab – doors separate
Biosafety level 1:
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7. Jens
Martensson
 Microbes that possess moderate hazards to laboratorians.
 E.g : staphylococcus aureus.
BSL - 2 practices:
 Access to lab is restricted when work is being
conducted
 PPE ,face shields, eye goggles
 Biosafety cabinet
 Autoclave/Decontamination proper
 Self closing doors
 Sink with eyewash apparatus readily available
Biosafety level 2:
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8. Jens
Martensson
Biosafety level 3:
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 Serious / potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission.
 E.g : Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
BSL - 3 practices:
 Laboratorians – under medical surveillance and receive immunization
 Access to lab restricted &controlled
 PPE with respirators
 BSC
 Sink with eyewash
 Exhaust air – not recirculated
 Self closing doors with automatic

9. Jens
Martensson
 Highest level of biological safety
 Dangerous and exotic microbes.
 E.g : Ebola, Marburg viruses.
BSL - 1 practices:
 Change clothes before entering
 Shower upon exiting
 Decontamination all materials before exiting
 Class III BSC
 Separate building for lab
 Vaccum lines and decontamination system
Biosafety level 4:
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10. Jens
Martensson
 The safety measures which prevent the escaping of GEOs from the laboratory called
contamination
 They help to destroy harmful GEOs within the laboratory itself.
 In USA ,the National Institue of Heatlth(NIH) set up the Recombinant DNA Advisory
Committee(RAC) in 1976.
PHYSICAL CONTAMINATIONS
 The physical methods being adopted inside the laboratories to prevent escaping of
GEOs to the environment are called physical contamination.
 It include:
1. Air filtration 3.Sterilization lights
2. Waste disposal 4.Protective handling
CONTAINMENT:

11. Jens
Martensson
1) Air filtration
 The exhaust air from the laboratory is filtered
through exhaust filters.
 It prevents the escaping of GEOs from the lab.
2) Sterilization lights
 Flurescent tube lights which emit UV light ,are fitted
in the laboratory to sterilize the work areas and
exposed surfaces of the lab.
3) Waste disposal
 All waste coming from laboratory are sterilized by
autoclaving or by incinerating them in an incinerator.
4) Protective handling
 The person must wear protective clothes.
 Mouth pipetting should be avoided.
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12. Jens
Martensson
 The biological principles used in laboratories to prevent the
escape of GEOs or microbes are called containment.
 Biological containment makes the organism unable to survive in
the outside environment.
 It prevents the spreading of vector DNAs to the organism
outside the laboratory by usual conjugation ,transformation or
transduction.
 Bacteria which cannot grow outside unless suitable nutrients
have to be supplied are used for gene manipulations.
BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION
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13. Jens
Martensson
 Disinfectant selection – EPA registration number in the
label and list of infectious agents that the disinfectant
is effective.
 BSC – ethanol not used as decontamination as it
evaporates – no proper contact time – ethnol can be
used as a rinsing agent.
 Formaldehyde vapour sterilization to be done to kill
spores
DISCONTAMINATION
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14. Jens
Martensson
• Sterilization
• uses a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life, including highly resistant
bacterial endospores.
• Disinfection
• uses a liquid chemical to eliminate virtually all pathogenic microorganisms, with the exception of
bacterial spores, on work surfaces and equipment.
• Antisepsis
• is the application of a liquid antimicrobial chemical to skin or living tissue to inhibit or destroy
microorganisms.
• Cleaning
• uses water, detergent, and some mechanical action such as scrubbing with a gloved hand or
brush.
• Cleaning is often a required step before sterilization or disinfection of inanimate objects.
Level of discontamination
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15. Jens
Martensson
There are 4 main categories of physical and
chemical
means of decontamination:
• Heat sterilization (wet or dry)
• Liquid disinfection
• Vapors and gases
• Radiation (ionizing or non-ionizing)
Methods
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17. Thank
You
Noor-ul-ain