COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION - UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER - B.ED - 8620 - AIOU

1. Computers
in
Education
Course Code:8620
Level: B.Ed
AIOU
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2. OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE
Hopefully, on the completion of the course, the student will be able to:
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1. Define computer
2. Discuss the function of various kinds of
computers
3. Describe the system working of computer
4. Apply computer assisted instruction (CAI) to
teaching learning process
5. Select appropriate package for use in CAI
6. Develop a rational of computer managed
learning
7. Appreciate the role of computers in education
8. Plan to implement computer in education

3. Course
Outline
Unit 1 Introduction to Computer
Unit 2 The Internet & World Wide Web
Unit 3 Application Software
Unit 4 Computer Assisted Instruction
Unit 5 Tools and Packages Used for C.A.I
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4. PAGE 4
Unit: 6 Computer Managed Learning (CML)
Unit 8: Role of Computer in Education
Unit 9: Problems of Using Computer for Education
Unit 7: Computer Applications in Content Areas

5. Functionalities of a Computer
If we look at it in a very broad sense, any digital computer carries out the following five functions
Step 1 − Takes data as input.
Step 2 − Stores the data/instructions in its memory and uses them as required.
Step 3 − Processes the data and converts it into useful information.
Step 4 − Generates the output.
Step 5 − Controls all the above four steps.
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6. What is Computer ?
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability
to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type
documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or
create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.
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What is Data ?
Data is a collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols.
What is Information ?
Information is data that is organized, meaningful, and useful. To process data into information.

7. Hardware
The term hardware refers to mechanical device that makes up
computer. Computer hardware consists of interconnected electronic
devices that we can use to control computer’s operation, input and
output. Examples of hardware are CPU, keyboard, mouse, hard
disk, etc.
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8. Hardware Components
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9. Software
A set of instructions that drives computer to do stipulated tasks is called a program. Software
instructions are programmed in a computer language, translated into machine language, and executed
by computer.
Software can be categorized into two types
• System software
System software operates directly on hardware devices of computer. It provides a platform to
run an application. It provides and supports user functionality. Examples of system software include
operating systems such as Windows, Linux, Unix, etc.
▪ Application Software
An application software is designed for benefit of users to perform one or more tasks.
Examples of application software include Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Oracle, etc
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10. Software
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11. What is input device?
An input device is essentially a piece of hardware that sends data to a computer. The most
common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard, but there are many others.
1.Keyboard
2.Mouse
3.Touchpad
4.Scanner
5.Digital Camera
6.Microphone
7.Joystick
8.Graphic Tablet
9.Touch Screen
10.Webcam
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12. What is output device?
An output device is a piece of computer hardware that receives data from a computer and then
translates that data into another form. That form may be audio, visual, textual, or hard copy such
as a printed document.
1.Monitor
2.Printer
3.Headphones
4.Computer Speakers
5.Projector
6.GPS
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13. What is Storage?
The process of saving data and instructions permanently is known as storage. Data has to be
fed into the system before the actual processing starts. It is because the processing speed
of Central Processing Unit (CPU) is so fast that the data has to be provided to CPU with the
same speed. Therefore the data is first stored in the storage unit for faster access and
processing. This storage unit or the primary storage of the computer system is designed to do
the above functionality. It provides space for storing data and instructions
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14. What is Processing ?
The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called processing.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions from the storage unit and makes
all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given and the type of data provided. It is then
sent back to the storage unit.
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15. Functional Units
In order to carry out the operations mentioned in the previous section the computer allocates the task
between its various functional units. The computer system is divided into three separate units for its
operation.
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Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)

16. Logical Unit
After you enter data through the input device it is stored in the primary storage unit. The actual
processing of the data and instruction are performed by Arithmetic Logical Unit. The major
operations performed by the ALU are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and
comparison. Data is transferred to ALU from storage unit when required. After processing the
output is returned back to storage unit for further processing or getting stored.
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17. Control Unit (CU)
The next component of computer is the Control Unit, which acts like the supervisor seeing that things
are done in proper fashion. Control Unit is responsible for coordinating various operations using
time signal. The control unit determines the sequence in which computer programs and instructions
are executed. Things like processing of programs stored in the main memory, interpretation of the
instructions and issuing of signals for other units of the computer to execute them. It also acts as a
switch board operator when several users access the computer simultaneously. Thereby it
coordinates the activities of computer’s peripheral equipment as they perform the input and output.
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18. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The ALU and the CU of a computer system are jointly known as the central processing unit. You
may call CPU as the brain of any computer system. It is just like brain that takes all major
decisions, makes all sorts of calculations and directs different parts of the computer functions by
activating and controlling the operations
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19. What is a Network?
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources, exchange
files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through
cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.
▪ Two very common types of networks include:
• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN)
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20. Local Area Network
A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices connected together in one physical location,
such as a building, office, or home. A LAN can be small or large, ranging from a home network
with one user to an enterprise network with thousands of users and devices in an office or school.
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21. Wide-Area Network
In its simplest form, a wide-area network (WAN) is a collection of local-area networks (LANs) or
other networks that communicate with one another. A WAN is essentially a network of networks,
with the Internet the world's largest WAN.
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22. What is World Wide Web?
World Wide Web, which is also known as a Web, is a collection of websites or
web pages stored in web servers and connected to local computers through the
internet. These websites contain text pages, digital images, audios, videos, etc.
Users can access the content of these sites from any part of the world over the
internet using their devices such as computers, laptops, cell phones, etc. The
WWW, along with internet, enables the retrieval and display of text and media
to your device.
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23. www diagram
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