10. A dependent clause may also begin with one of
these words, called relative pronouns:
that who
what whoever
whatever whom
which whomever
whichever whose
11. A subordinate clause that begins with a relative
pronoun is often called a relative clause.
Any soldier who passes the obstacle course will
be allowed to leave.
Private Mejia, who passed the obstacle course,
was allowed to leave.
Whoever cooked the food should be thanked.
12.  Check that the word group has a subject and a
verb.
 Check that the word group begins with a
relative pronoun such as that, who, what, which,
whoever, or whichever.
 Check that the word group cannot stand alone
as a sentence.
28. Whoever let the dog into the house
should clean up his mess.
29. Colin swam in the ocean, but
Sharon preferred to bathe in the
sun on the beach.
30. (or How Do I Stop Myself
From Plagiarizing?)
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
31. 1. So what is
paraphrasing?
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
32. 1. So what is
paraphrasing?
2. Why should we
rewrite something
when we have
someone else's
perfectly good piece of
writing?
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
33. 1. So what is
paraphrasing?
2. Why should we
rewrite something
when we have
someone else's
perfectly good piece of
writing?
3. Is paraphrasing just
changing a couple of
words?
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
34. 1. So what is
paraphrasing?
2. Why should we
rewrite something
when we have
someone else's
perfectly good piece of
writing?
3. Is paraphrasing just
changing a couple of
words?
4. How do I
paraphrase and is it
difficult to learn?
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
35. 1. So what is
paraphrasing?
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
36. 1. So what is
paraphrasing?
Paraphrasing is the art of taking
information or an idea or ideas
that other people have written
about and expressing it or them
in your own words.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
37. 1. So what is
paraphrasing?
Paraphrasing is the art of taking
information or an idea or ideas
that other people have written
about and expressing it or them
in your own words.
Being able to express something
clearly and concisely yourself,
using your own words, is not
only a clear example of your
ability to write, but also gives
you as a writer a great deal of
satisfaction.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
38. 2. Why should we
rewrite something
when we have
someone else's
perfectly good
piece of writing?
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
39. 2. Why should we
rewrite something
when we have
someone else's
perfectly good
piece of writing?
A completely fair question, but
you are university students and
the whole point of being at an
institution of higher learning is
to be educated and surely to be
able to demonstrate to
employers, your peers, parents
and to yourselves, that you are
an educated, capable person.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
40. 2. Why should we
rewrite something
when we have
someone else's
perfectly good
piece of writing?
A completely fair question, but
you are university students and
the whole point of being at an
institution of higher learning is to
be educated and surely to be able
to demonstrate to employers,
your peers, parents and to
yourselves, that you are an
educated, capable person.
Simply copying the ideas of
others demonstrates that you will
be good at taking orders, good at
replicating what has happened
before… and would be a most
successful worker at KFC.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
41. 2. Why should we
rewrite something
when we have
someone else's
perfectly good
piece of writing?
However, to get employment in
a position that leads somewhere,
that gets respect and that
provides personal satisfaction
(one of the job requirements that
is most overlooked but also
most important) you really need
to be innovative and able to
express yourself in interesting
and original ways.
So, you need to paraphrase so
you will get both short and long
term benefits from learning how
to do something by and for
yourself.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
42. 3. Is paraphrasing
just changing a
couple of words?
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
43. 3. Is paraphrasing
just changing a
couple of words?
Paraphrasing is much, much
more than changing a few key
words.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
44. 3. Is paraphrasing
just changing a
couple of words?
Paraphrasing is much, much
more than changing a few key
words.
Paraphrasing is about you
taking ideas and writing about
them yourself.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
45. 3. Is paraphrasing
just changing a
couple of words?
Paraphrasing is much, much
more than changing a few key
words.
Paraphrasing is about you
taking ideas and writing about
them yourself.
It involves reading and
understanding a text or texts, or
listening to other people and
being able convey the ideas or
information that they have put
forward using your own words.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
46. 4. How do I
paraphrase and is
it difficult to
learn?
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
47. 4. How do I
paraphrase and is
it difficult to
learn?
Paraphrasing isn't the easiest
skill in academic writing, but it
is essential and it becomes much
easier with practice.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
48. 4. How do I
paraphrase and is
it difficult to
learn?
Paraphrasing isn't the easiest
skill in academic writing, but it
is essential and it becomes much
easier with practice.
To paraphrase you need to:
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
49. 4. How do I
paraphrase and is
it difficult to
learn?
Paraphrasing isn't the easiest
skill in academic writing, but it
is essential and it becomes much
easier with practice.
To paraphrase you need to:
•read and understand
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
50. 4. How do I
paraphrase and is
it difficult to
learn?
Paraphrasing isn't the easiest
skill in academic writing, but it
is essential and it becomes much
easier with practice.
To paraphrase you need to:
•read and understand
•have a wide knowledge of
synonyms and word choice
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
51. 4. How do I
paraphrase and is
it difficult to
learn?
Paraphrasing isn't the easiest
skill in academic writing, but it
is essential and it becomes much
easier with practice.
To paraphrase you need to:
•read and understand
•have a wide knowledge of
synonyms and word choice
•be comfortable with the use of
different word forms
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
52. 4. How do I
paraphrase and is
it difficult to
learn?
Paraphrasing isn't the easiest
skill in academic writing, but it
is essential and it becomes much
easier with practice.
To paraphrase you need to:
•read and understand
•have a wide knowledge of
synonyms and word choice
•be comfortable with the use of
different word forms
•be able to re-order and re-
structure sentences
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
53. 4. How do I
paraphrase and is
it difficult to
learn?
Paraphrasing isn't the easiest
skill in academic writing, but it
is essential and it becomes much
easier with practice.
To paraphrase you need to:
•read and understand
•have a wide knowledge of
synonyms and word choice
•be comfortable with the use of
different word forms
•be able to re-order and re-
structure sentences
•be concise
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
54. The following exercises are in themselves not
paraphrasing, but taken as a whole or using all 3
together is the beginnings of being able to
paraphrase.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
55. Some words cannot be changed when you are
paraphrasing. "The internet," for example, cannot
be changed to "computer controlled pc to pc
communication and information interface" nor can
"Nottingham University" be changed to "the
institution of higher learning located in Nottingham"
The following exercises are in themselves not
paraphrasing, but taken as a whole or using all
three together are the beginnings of being able to
paraphrase.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
56. VOCABULARY
In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
replace one or
two words with
synonyms.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
57. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
replace one or
two words with
synonyms.
1. Many well known
multinational companies are
located in New York.
2. International cooperation is
needed to put a stop to world
poverty.
3. Computer games take up too
much time of many students.
VOCABULARY
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
58. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
replace one or
two words with
synonyms.
1. Many well known
multinational companies are
located in New York.
VOCABULARY
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
59. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
replace one or
two words with
synonyms.
1. Many well known
multinational companies are
located in New York.
Many famous multinational
companies are situated in
New York.
VOCABULARY
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
60. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
replace one or
two words with
synonyms.
2. International cooperation is
needed to put a stop to world
poverty.
VOCABULARY
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
61. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
replace one or
two words with
synonyms.
2. International cooperation is
needed to put a stop to world
poverty.
International cooperation is
necessary to put a stop to
global poverty.
VOCABULARY
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
62. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
replace one or
two words with
synonyms.
3. Computer games take up too
much time of many students.
VOCABULARY
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
63. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
replace one or
two words with
synonyms.
3. Computer games take up too
much time of many students.
Computer games waste too
much time of many pupils.
VOCABULARY
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
64. WORD FORM
In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
change the word
form of one or
two of the words
in the sentence
and then rewrite
the sentence. You
do not need to
use synonyms of
those words.Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
65. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
change the word
form of one or
two of the words
in the sentence
and then rewrite
the sentence. You
do not need to
use synonyms of
those words.
1. It is not easy to manage a
football team.
2. You are required to complete
your coursework essay
before the end of the
semester.
3. There are many dangers
when travelling in Central
America.
4. Being poor often results in a
greater chance of
malnutrition and disease.
WORD FORM
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
66. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
change the word
form of one or
two of the words
in the sentence
and then rewrite
the sentence. You
do not need to
use synonyms of
those words.
1. It is not easy to manage a
football team.
WORD FORM
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
67. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
change the word
form of one or
two of the words
in the sentence
and then rewrite
the sentence. You
do not need to
use synonyms of
those words.
1. It is not easy to manage a
football team.
The management of a
football team is not easy.
WORD FORM
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
68. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
change the word
form of one or
two of the words
in the sentence
and then rewrite
the sentence. You
do not need to
use synonyms of
those words.
2. You are required to complete
your coursework essay
before the end of the
semester.
WORD FORM
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
69. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
change the word
form of one or
two of the words
in the sentence
and then rewrite
the sentence. You
do not need to
use synonyms of
those words.
2. You are required to complete
your coursework essay
before the end of the
semester.
The completion of your
coursework essay is
required before the end of
the semester.
WORD FORM
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
70. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
change the word
form of one or
two of the words
in the sentence
and then rewrite
the sentence. You
do not need to
use synonyms of
those words.
3. There are many dangers
when travelling in Central
America.
WORD FORM
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
71. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
change the word
form of one or
two of the words
in the sentence
and then rewrite
the sentence. You
do not need to
use synonyms of
those words.
3. There are many dangers
when travelling in Central
America.
It is dangerous when
travelling in Central
America.
WORD FORM
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
72. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
change the word
form of one or
two of the words
in the sentence
and then rewrite
the sentence. You
do not need to
use synonyms of
those words.
4. Being poor often results in a
greater chance of
malnutrition and disease.
WORD FORM
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
73. In these
sentences, you
are aiming to
change the word
form of one or
two of the words
in the sentence
and then rewrite
the sentence. You
do not need to
use synonyms of
those words.
4. Being poor often results in a
greater chance of
malnutrition and disease.
A greater chance of
malnutrition and disease
often results from poverty.
WORD FORM
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
74. SENTENCE
STRUCTURE
In these sentences
change the
sentence
structure, but
don't change the
meaning.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
75. In these sentences
change the
sentence
structure, but
don't change the
meaning.
1. Toyotas are made in Japan.
2. It is illegal to sell heroin in
Australia.
3. A lot of people don't know
the effect of antibiotics.
4. People would buy fewer
goods if they were shown
less advertising.
SENTENCE
STRUCTUR
E
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
76. In these sentences
change the
sentence
structure, but
don't change the
meaning.
1. Toyotas are made in Japan.
SENTENCE
STRUCTUR
E
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
77. In these sentences
change the
sentence
structure, but
don't change the
meaning.
1. Toyotas are made in Japan.
They make Toyotas in
Japan.
SENTENCE
STRUCTUR
E
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
78. In these sentences
change the
sentence
structure, but
don't change the
meaning.
2. It is illegal to sell heroin in
Australia.
SENTENCE
STRUCTUR
E
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
79. In these sentences
change the
sentence
structure, but
don't change the
meaning.
2. It is illegal to sell heroin in
Australia.
Selling heroin in Australia
is illegal.
SENTENCE
STRUCTUR
E
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
80. In these sentences
change the
sentence
structure, but
don't change the
meaning.
3. A lot of people don't know
the effect of antibiotics.
SENTENCE
STRUCTUR
E
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
81. In these sentences
change the
sentence
structure, but
don't change the
meaning.
3. A lot of people don't know
the effect of antibiotics.
The effects of antibiotics
are not known by a lot of
people.
SENTENCE
STRUCTUR
E
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
82. In these sentences
change the
sentence
structure, but
don't change the
meaning.
4. People would buy fewer
goods if they were shown
less advertising.
SENTENCE
STRUCTUR
E
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
83. In these sentences
change the
sentence
structure, but
don't change the
meaning.
4. People would buy fewer
goods if they were shown
less advertising.
If people were shown less
advertising they would
buy fewer goods.
SENTENCE
STRUCTUR
E
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
84. WORD LEVEL
In these exercises you have to rewrite the
sentences.
Often quite a few words can be replaced with
just one or two words that accurately express
the main idea(s) of the sentence.
(This is one of the key parts of paraphrasing –
rewriting and using as few words as possible.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
85. 1. Some employees have to work long hours in hot,
overcrowded conditions for low pay.
2. Computers can process information quicker and with
less mistakes than people.
3. The process of large numbers of people moving from
the countryside into cities means that the amount of
housing, roading, schools, hospitals, electricity, water
and sewerage, for example, has to improve.
4. People attend higher learning institutions so that they
gain lots of knowledge about a wide range of subjects
and to get diplomas and bachelors, masters and
doctorate degrees.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
86. 1. Some employees have to work long hours in
hot, overcrowded conditions for low pay.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
87. 1. Some employees have to work long hours in
hot, overcrowded conditions for low pay.
Some workers are exploited.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
88. 2. Computers can process information quicker
and with less mistakes than people.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
89. 2. Computers can process information quicker
and with less mistakes than people.
Computers are more efficient than people.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
90. 3. The process of large numbers of people
moving from the countryside into cities
means that the amount of housing, roading,
schools, hospitals, electricity, water and
sewerage, for example, has to improve.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
91. 3. The process of large numbers of people
moving from the countryside into cities
means that the amount of housing, roading,
schools, hospitals, electricity, water and
sewerage, for example, has to improve.
Increased urbanisation requires improved
infrastructure.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
92. 4. People attend higher learning institutions so
that they gain lots of knowledge about a
wide range of subjects and to get diplomas
and bachelors, masters and doctorate
degrees.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
93. 4. People attend higher learning institutions so
that they gain lots of knowledge about a
wide range of subjects and to get diplomas
and bachelors, masters and doctorate
degrees.
People go to tertiary institutions to get
educated and gain qualifications.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
94. Now try to rewrite these 3 sentences using your own
words – try to use all the paraphrasing techniques you
have been practicing.
1. Globally, businesses, national and local
governments, and property owners have begun to
retrofit millions of older buildings in a bid to cut
down on energy use and reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
2. Firefighters have spent Friday afternoon and
evening trying to contain the front of a fire that is
threatening communities in Western Australia's
south-west.
3. A fifth of universities in England have made last-
minute cuts to the tuition fees they will charge
students next year, triggering potential chaos for
hundreds of thousands of applicants.
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
95. Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
96. • take sentences, paragraphs or short sections
from a textbook and rewrite them in your own
words
• look back at some of your own essays or those
of your classmates and rewrite sections of them
• take short extracts from novels, magazines,
websites or any other written material and
paraphrase them
Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
97. Adapted from the PowerPoint presentation “Paraphrasing” by Peter Welch on Dec 02, 2011, accessed on September 24, 2013, via Slideshare.net.
99. Researchers have learned that cues can be
almost anything, from a visual trigger such
as a candy bar or a television commercial to
a certain place, a time of day, an emotion, a
sequence of thoughts, or the company of
particular people. Routines can be
incredibly complex or fantastically simple
(some habits, such as those related to
emotions, are measured in milliseconds).
Rewards can range from food or drugs that
cause physical sensations, to emotional
payoffs, such as the feelings of pride that
accompany praise or self-congratulation.
100. A. Review of Clauses
B. Relative Clauses
C. How to Paraphrase
101. A. Review of Clauses
B. Relative Clauses
C. How to Paraphrase
102. Remember to post to the discussion by
Thursday and respond to at least two students
by Sunday
Due Monday:
 Choose two paragraphs from The Power of
Habit where Duhigg makes an interesting
point.
 Write a paraphrase for each paragraph.
 You should have two paraphrases!
103. Meet in Computer Commons A
after the break. There will be a
sign-in sheet and I will remove it
when the break is over.
104.  With a partner, select a different
paragraph from Chapter 1 of The
Power of Habit
 Paraphrase the paragraph using
the techniques we just worked
on
105.
106. To integrate a paraphrase properly within a
paragraph, a good writer usually has
(1) At least one sentence to introduce the
paraphrase,
(2) the paraphrase itself, and
(3) at least one sentence to comment on the
paraphrase.
107. Top piece of
bread: at least
one sentence
to introduce
the
paraphrase
Meat:
paraphrase with
proper
documentation
Bottom piece of bread: at least one
sentence to explain, comment on, or
provide an example of the paraphrase
(usually the majority of the paragraph)
108.
109. Begin with a topic sentence that gives
the reader a sense of what the single
main idea of the paragraph will be.
This sentence should be one of the
“supporting reasons” for your thesis
statement. It should have opinion!
110. This is the part of your paragraph
where you support your topic
sentence by including a specific point
taken from the “proof text” (the essay,
article, book, everyday life, etc. you are
writing about or analyzing). The
evidence is a paraphrase or quotation.
111. You want to explain your topic sentence and
its connection to the evidence. You want to
include your analysis here. Why did you
include the quotation or paraphrase? What
do you want to say about it? You should
include specific examples to illustrate your
points (these examples should come from
you, not the source), but be sure to show
how your examples connect to your
statement (topic sentence). This section
should comprise the majority of the
paragraph.
112. Statement:
I used to believe that if a particular subject
was difficult for me that I was just not
gifted with intelligence in that area; now
that I am moving toward a growth mindset,
I understand that my knowledge in
anything is dependent on the amount of
effort I put into learning.
113. Evidence:
According to Carol Dweck, students with a
fixed mindset believe that people are
naturally smart in certain subjects whereas
those with a growth mindset understand
that they are capable of understanding
anything with the right amount of effort.
114. Explanation:
I tell people that I am bad at math, but I am working on
changing that attitude to a more realistic self-view. I earned
average grades in my high school math classes, but the
concepts did not come easily to me. In my college algebra class,
I watched as other students breezed through tests and quizzes
and I felt like I was struggling to pass. Instead of realizing that
I needed to put more work into the class, I put the
responsibility on others. I decided the teacher was boring. I
imagined that the other students just understood the material
right away. I began to miss class and skip assignments. Of
course, my actions resulted in a failing grade. At the time, I
was quick to shift the blame to other people and circumstances,
but the truth was that I was making excuses rather than trying
because I did not want to try and fail. Doing so would affirm
my biggest fear: I was dumb. I have come to realize that I truly
earned the F, not because of my lack of natural math skills, but
because of my own lack of effort.
115. I used to believe that if a particular subject was difficult for me that
I was just not gifted with intelligence in that area; now that I am
moving toward a growth mindset, I understand that my knowledge
in anything is dependent on the amount of effort I put into learning.
According to Carol Dweck, students with a fixed mindset believe that
people are naturally smart in certain subjects whereas those with a
growth mindset understand that they are capable of understanding
anything with the right amount of effort. I tell people that I am bad at
math, but I am working on changing that attitude to a more realistic
self-view. I earned average grades in my high school math classes,
but the concepts did not come easily to me. In my college algebra
class, I watched as other students breezed through tests and quizzes
and I felt like I was struggling to pass. Instead of realizing that I
needed to put more work into the class, I put the responsibility on
others. I decided the teacher was boring. I imagined that the other
students just understood the material right away. I began to miss
class and skip assignments. Of course, my actions resulted in a failing
grade. At the time, I was quick to shift the blame to other people and
circumstances, but the truth was that I was making excuses rather
than trying because I did not want to try and fail. Doing so would
affirm my biggest fear: I was dumb. I have come to realize that I truly
earned the F, not because of my lack of natural math skills, but
because of my own lack of effort.
116.  Look at the paraphrase we did as a
class
 How might we use that paraphrase to
make a point?
 Write an introductory sentence
 How might we respond to that
paraphrase?
 Write analysis/example/explanation
117.  Look at the paraphrase you did as partners
 How might you use that paraphrase to
make a point?
 Write an introductory sentence
 How might you respond to that
paraphrase?
 Write analysis/example/explanation
 When you are finished, get your
paraphrase sandwich checked off by me
and you are free to go to break