2. - PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING – are instrument use to assess human behavior,
mental capacity as well as personality & differences of an
individual.
- PERSONALITY – is the totality of emotional and behavior trait that characterized
the person in a day to day living under ordinary condition. It is
relatively static and predictable.
- it has a consistency of behavior pattern
- every individual has a unique personality, no two persons are
completely alike.
- ASSESSMENT - it involves how to go about process in terms of measurement
and evaluation of individual
- EVALUATION - it is a process in which one put a value on or assign work to
something like when one make judgment
- MEASUREMENT - is quantitative that describes something in terms of specific
numbers or percentage
3. - EVALUATION - a judgment is made in attacking a value on a qualitative decision
to a measurement describe from the test
Example =
An IQ test of Mr. X. From that test Mr. X obtained an IQ of 99 which
falls on the average range of intelligence.
99 as the measurement of the IQ quantitative value (quantitative)
average range of intelligence is the judgment you evaluate (qualitative).
WHO IQ Score Classification
140 – Above = Genius
130 – 139 = Very Superior
120 – 129 = Superior
111 – 119 = Above Average
90 – 110 = Average
80 – 89 = Below Average
70 – 79 = Borderline
69 – 0 = Mental retardation deficiency
53 – 69 = Mild M.D.
52 – 44 = Moderate
51 – 21 = Severe
0 – 20 = Profound
4. - What is the purpose of giving an IQ?
- How to score IQ?
- How to evaluate IQ –
- & how to assess IQ
QUESTIONS IN ASSESSMENT:
1) What is the purpose of the referral?
Why am I giving an IQ or testing the client?
2) What test shall I use to materialize the purpose of referral?
Examiner must be familiar with the type of test to be used and the
purpose of test - … there are many test of tests, a hundred kinds of test.
Example of Tests are:
Achievement Tests
Aptitude Test
5. Attitude and values
Intelligence Test
Interests Test
Situational Test
Psychomotor Test
Personality Test
Projective Test - this are commonly use in the clinic, whereas an
Achievement Test, Aptitude Test, Intelligence, Interest Test and Personality Test
are being use in school setting.
3) What skills, attitudes, problems, needs, conflicts and knowledge of the client
should do I want to measure?
4) What should be the discrimination level of the test item? How valid is the test
result.
Validity = when it measures what is to be measured
Reliability = use standardized test to ensure the validity of the test result
How valid is the test report?
Is there a question of accuracy of the test report?
6. 5) How is the test be scored?
- There are test that don’t need to be score, (most of the Projective Test are not
scored by items
- Interpretation of test are available
6) How is the test result be reported?
- By checklist – By Narrative Report (Comprehensive Test Report)
- Different Psychologist have their own style in making a Test Report
10. A. Industrial Setting –
For pre-employment
= IQ, 16 PF, SSCT, MSE, Clinical Interview
B. Industrial Setting –
Fitness (back to work) narrative report
C. School Setting - Narrative report
- Example = for nursery to Grade I – Tests to administered
- IQ –Standard Binet into Scale
- Personality Test - Children Approach Test
- Personality Test - House Tree Person
- * MSE – Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
- Example of Test Report = Checklist
- Projective Tests = are also useful for normal subject and individual who has
psychological, emotional and personal problem.
- Normal Subject = Personality test like 16 PF, MMPI & other paper & pencil test are
commonly used
11. 7) How to go about it? How to assess?
STEPS IN PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT:
1. Establishing Rapport = Interaction
2. Observation – (Clinical Observation Guide)
3. Tests Administration
4. Inquires / Clinical Interview
5. Mental Status Examination
6. History of Present Illness
7. Interpretation of Test Protocol
8. Evaluation of Test Findings
9. Analysis of Test Result
10. Psychological Test Report Writing
- Behavioral Observation Guide =
12. - Past Personal History – (Anamnesis)
1. Identifying Data
2. Chief Complaints = Subject & Relatives
3. History of Present Illness
4. Personal History
a. Pre-natal
b. 1ST year of life and infant feeding problem
c. Two to three years of life
d. Three to five years up to puberty - (10 accidental experience and early
social relation (Primed Scene, Seduction Experience, Absence of Parent,
Sibling and Playmates, Parental Rebuff
e. Educational History
f. Occupational History
g. Home Environment
h. Social Relationship
- attribute formal people – social adjustments,
finding satisfactory outlet and interest, sexual life marital life (if married)
i. Religious Activities
j. Behavior History
k. (military history) – army personnel
13. 5) Family History
6) Mental Status
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
A. General Appearance, attitude and behavior
B. Stream of Talk – with Mental Ability
C. Emotional Status – (mood feeling and affect)
D. Contents of thought = (illusion, hallucination, delusion, OC
E. Sensorium & Cognition
1) Alertness & level of consciousness
2) Orientation to time, place and person
3) Memory – remote, recent immediate
4) Judgment, Insight – intelligence – reliability
5) Insight
14. WHAT IS REPORT WRITING?
Report Writing – is a process of refining ideas establishing clarity of expression
and using expertise in decision making.
= Psychological Test Report = is a key part of the assessment process, the
report conveys your findings, interpretation, evaluation, analysis and recommendation
that serves as a record of the examinees performance, therefore it deserve careful
preparation.
WHY WE DO TEST REPORT?
1. It provides accurate assessments, related information to the referral source and
other concerned parties.
2. It provides a source of information for testing Clinical Hypothesis and for conducting
evaluation and research.
3. It serves an archive of historical, interview, psychometric observation and other
information as well as current remediation and treatment plans.
4. It may serve as a legal document.
BIASES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS =
1. It invade privacy
2. Not all the expected result will come out
3. Not considered as the true index of the person.
15. How to make Psychological Test Report: (Format)
- Checklist
- narrative report
Problem with Test Reports:
1. Lack Supporting data or Behavioral References.
- one of the supporting data is the behavioral observation
- behavioral observation is one of the method in Personality Assessment
- MSE, HPI, Personal History
2. Poor expression – (loose use of Terms, Vague)
3. Poor organization of test findings
4. Inconsistencies – statement are not related to the findings or psychodynamic formulation
5. Poor differentiation between test data and other data
6. Failure to answer the referral problem (if for to work, not mention in the test report that the
subject is fit to go back to work.
7. Excessive lengths and irrelevancies
- long test report but it has no sense, and the report failed to aid the referring
person
16. COMMON PITFALL IN TEST REPORT WRITING:
1. Inappropriate Generalization -
Too generalize test report, no specific problem identified
2. Ambiguous or vague statement = “malabo ang statement or analysis”
3. Unnecessary Technical Terms & Information –
flowery v. maraming palabok
4. Inexact interpretation and structure = maraming interpretation when making
interpretation just 1 interpretation not 2 or 3 = ?
5. Undocumented Statement –
Result of interview and often data were not included in the test report
6. Disjointed Statement –
Statement are not related to each other – 1st sentence is not related to the
next statement.
17. 7. Apologetic Statement – Do not write test report that you ask an apology ?
“Do not say I am sorry.”
8. Irrelevant Statement – make test report with sense.
9. Psychologist must integrate and interpret data from multiple sources.
Comments in Test Report Writing:
1. Make your test report/presentation straight forward and be objective – Be sure
you answer the referral or purpose.
2. Edit the report carefully to make certain that spelling, grammar & punctuation
are accurate.
3. Avoid over-used of words, (stereotyped, phrases or just expressions
4. Avoid writing a report that is so bland that represent anyone, instead, try
to describe a unique, specific child = (do not include the mother, father &
siblings).
18. 5. Make the report tight or referring person be satisfied with your test report.
6. Avoid using the report as a place to display your learning or to parade a large
vocabulary
7. Stay close to the data, together with your observation, interpretation, evaluation
and analysis of the test protocol.
USE AND ABUSE OF TESTING:
- Intellectual Assessment
- Measuring the “Real Me” –personally make-up
- Personnel selection
- Diagnostic Purpose
- School (entrance examination) – elementary, special class and colleges
- Migration, OFW
- Admission of Student in College
19. - Discharge & admission from/to Military Service
- Adoption
- Imprisonment
- Annulment
- All legal purpose
WHO USED PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS?
Licensed Psychometrician
Licensed Psychologist
20. R.L STEVENSON SAYS:
“DON’T WRITE MERELY
TO BE UNDERSTOOD,
WRITE SO THAT YOU
CANNOT POSSIBLY
BE
MISUNDERSTOOD.”
THANK YOU SO MUCH ! ! !
