2. Prehistoric art (cave art)
Prehistoric refers to all artworks produce by ancient men before any
preconceived culture and known methods of writing and record keeping
ever existed.
Art before history.
3. Cave paintings / petrograph
Refers to any parietal art, which involves the application of color pigments
on the walls, floors or ceilings or ancient rock dwellings inhabited by
prehistoric man.
4. Cave drawings / petroglyps
Refers to an engraved drawing that is etched or done by cutting lines on
the rock surface with a sharp object probably a flint or stone tool, rather
than one made by drawing lines with charcoal or manganese.
5. Cave art
Most are figurative and 99% were animals
Stone Age – painted both predator and game animals like Bison and
reindeer; pictures of human are rare; abstract images like signs, symbols
and geometric markings were common.
There was no clear idea when the cave painting first began
9. Paleolithic period
Was the time when primitive cave artworks were created with the use of
primitive stone tools by primitive men.
Commonly represented by the naturalistic images of prey animals and the
men that hunted them.
Caves were heavily decorated with painted hand-stenciled rock art.
11. Neolithic period
The shift from Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) to New Stone Age (Neolithic)
Happened when man began to develop the culture and change his lifestyle
Neolithic farmers started the civilization
Man became civilized when he stopped being nomadic and settled down
and created communities that grew crops and tamed the animals.
Designs used on clay pots were commonly derived from plants and animal
forms
12. Philippine primitive art: cave paintings
• Angono Petrolgyps Site Museum in Binangonan Rizal – discovered by
National artist Carlos “Botong” Francisco with a troop of boys scouts during a
field trip in 1965
• Archaelogist Alfredo Evangelista – leader of the interdisciplinary research
team of the National Museum and recovered four stone tools from the site
• 1998 – the National Museum established a museum showing the cultural and
artistic heritage of the province of Rizal.
• The Angono Petroglyps were dated back to circa late Neolithic.
13. Philippine primitive art: cave paintings
Presidential Decree No. 260 – declared the Angono Petroglyps a National
Cultural Treasure.
Other sites: Alab, Mountain Province carved on boulders on top of cliffs dated
not earlier than 1500 B.C or even later.
Two kinds of petrographs: 1. charcoal drawings on cave walls in Penablanca,
Cagayan Province and Singnapan Caves in Southern Palawan; 2. red hematite
prints in Anda Peninsula, Bohol Province (dates are still undetermined)
16. Burial jars
Manungul Cave, Lipuun Point Palawan in early 1960’s – secondary burial
jar
Perceived as a work of a great craftsman, a master potter.
The image on top of the jar cover is a boat with two human figure
representing two souls on a voyage to the afterlife.
Shows the belief of early Filipinos in life after death
18. Maitum jar (earthenware pots)
Found in Ayub Cave in Pinol, Maitum Sarangani Province
Used as secondary burial jars dated to the Metal Age about 5 B.C – 225
A.D
Portrays human figures and faces that indicates high level of
craftsmanship
20. Classical period
Classical art – refers to the art from Greece and Rome
General term describing the long period of time in the cultural history
when the Mediterranean Sea was the center
Started with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer and continued
through the rise of Rome and Christianity, up to the fall of the Western
Roman Empire and the start of the Early Middle Ages.
21. Classical period: Greek arts
Greek Arts – held as the standard or measure by which all later art will be
judged; shaped our minds of what perfection should look like.
Greek Golden Age – Greeks achieved new heights in art, architecture, theater
and philosophy.
Evident is statues and stone figures called Kouroi.
Began after the Greek victory over the Persians – democracy was improved
under the leadership of Pericles
22. Classical period: Greek arts
Most wonderful accomplishment – rebuilding of the Parthenon (temple
devoted to Athena on the Acropolis)
Pheidias – created a statue for Athena, sculpted in ivory and gold.
Phythagoras - famous mathematician
Socrates – Father of Philosophy
Greatest known works – Massive Statue of Zeus at Olympia and the Statue of
Athena Pathernos in Parthenon (made of gold and ivory, chrysus, elephantine)
26. Classical period: Greek arts
Greek art influenced Roman art
Greeks – idealistic, imaginative and spiritual while Romans are bounded to
what they saw to the world.
Subjects – snake-haired Medusas, centaurs, dancing girls, Olympic athletes
and Gods.
Master sculptors and more highly skilled than the Egyptians
Adorned their warships with pigments mixed with hot wax
Made use of paints made from precious stones, earth and plants
No Greek paintings survived the ages until 20th century
27. Classical period: Roman arts
Most powerful nation on earth defeating all others at military organization and
warfare, engineering and architecture.
Invention of dome and the groin vault, the development of concrete and
European-wide network of roads and bridges
Emperor Trajan (98-117 C.E) and Emperor Hadrian (117-138 C.E) – Rome
reached the peak of its architectural glory, attained numerous building programs
of monuments, baths, aqueducts, palaces, temples and mausoleums.
Practical people; art forms were influenced by the ancient Greeks and Etruscans
28. Romans as practical people:
Wanted their art and architecture to be useful
Planned their cities and built bridges, aqueducts, public baths and market
places, apartment houses and harbors
Every ordered sculpture for public square was meant to tell the future
generations of how great of Rome
29. Romans: 1st Century
Improved the use of concrete
Showed the skill and originality by portraying their generals, emperors and
senators with a degree of realism unknown to Greeks
Achieved a high degree of naturalism in painting through the artist’s
understanding of perspective and the use of light and shade.
Subjects: nature, portrait of children and beautiful young men and women,
religion
Most popular colors were red, black and cream-white
34. Famous Names
Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) – designer of iconic dome of the
cathedral in Florence
Donato Bramante and Michelangelo (1444-1514) – designers of St. Peter’s
Basilica
35. Classical period: Medieval period
Covered ten centuries between the Sack of Rome (c.450 C.E) and the Early
Italian Renaissance (1400)
The only institution that survived: The Christian Church - centered in Rome
and Constantinople.
The Church – the main sponsor of architecture and the other types of arts
Beginning – works of art were commissioned by religious authorities
(churches/monasteries) or secular leaders (for public edification) and most
were made by monks.
36. Classical period: Medieval period
Not only were most artists were laymen, but a number of artworks were
commissioned by wealthy middle class patrons for personal enjoyment.
37. Medieval Architecture
Refers to architectural styles in medieval Europe during the Middle Ages
Predominantly related to the building of sacred buildings such as churches –
primary structure signifying Christian faith.
Churches- channels of creative energy; large amounts of money for
beautification and the creation; granted indulgences (pardon) for those who
desired to help build the churches and cathedral structures
Roman Basilica – primary model of medieval religious architecture
Latin cross- most common among the religious buildings
38. Romanesque architecture
Romanesque – all European architecture by classification, except Byzantine
structures, roughly 500 to 1150
Earlier period (Carolingian architecture) – North European style of the
Carolingian Renaissance of the late 8th and 9th centuries during the reign of
Charlemagne.
Later period (Ottonian architecture) – developed under the reign of Emperor
Otto the Great (936-975)
German style – mid-10th century to mid-11th century
39. Romanesque architecture
Name given to the style of architecture used in very early Middle Ages when
much of these developments were pioneered by the Normans (North men or
the Vikings who settled in Normandy, France) and their prolific castle
building,
Was known by its massive quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy pillars,
barrel vaults, large towers and decorative arcading.
Was the first major style of architecture to be developed after the collapsed of
the Roman empire
Was defined by important churches and monastic buildings
Succeeded by Gothic and Perpendicular style of architecture of the later
Middle Ages (1066-1485)
41. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
Started in 12th century in France
New style in architecture and design referred to as French Style and was later
called the Gothic style (Renaissance period)
Was light, graceful and mostly spacious in nature.
Inspirations came from the Arabs, copied during the time of the Crusades
Changes includes the use of pointed arch, ribbed vaults and buttress, piers
were replaced by clustered slender ones while window dimensions became
larger as vaults and spires increased in height
43. REFERENCES
Panisan, W.K., Bongabong, M.C.L., Boongaling, C.C. G., Trinidad, M.A.B.
(2018). Art appreciation. Philippine copyright 2018. Mutya Publishing House,
Inc. ISBN 978-971-821-797-9
44. Midterm Requirement (Literary Critiquing)
Guidelines
1. Introduce the subject of the critique and identify the author. Give
some preliminary information indicating the main point to be
discussed. Review any background facts or issues that must be
understood before the point of the article/novel/book being
critiqued can be appreciated. Possibly include additional
biographical data. This portion should be brief.
45. Midterm Requirement (Literary Critiquing)
Guidelines
2. Briefly summarize the argument of the author. Be as
objective as possible so that the reader understands what
the article/novel/book said.
3. Analyze the author’s presentation based upon points
presented and whether or not the author succeeded.
46. Midterm Requirement (Literary Critiquing)
Guidelines
4. Respond to the presentation or focus upon the assumptions the
author makes. State your reaction to, opinion of, and evaluation of
these assumptions or assertions. Clearly support any reactions so
that they do not appear to be arbitrary judgments. This may be
accomplished by adding support from authority, using logic,
observation, or personal experience. What emerges from the
analysis?
47. Midterm Requirement (Literary Critiquing)
Guidelines
5. Finally, state your conclusions about the overall piece
reviewing the strengths/weaknesses.
