The document defines waste and identifies different sources of waste and treatments. It outlines the objectives of defining waste, identifying sources and treatments, and citing major disposal methods. The major sections describe sources of waste like industrial, commercial, domestic, and agricultural. It then outlines major waste treatments as thermal treatments like incineration, gasification and pyrolysis. Landfill methods are also defined including sanitary landfills, controlled dumps, and bioreactor landfills. Biological treatments of composting and anaerobic digestion are explained. The major waste disposal methods are identified as incineration, recycling, open dumping, and ocean dumping.

1. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, you are
expected to:
1. Define waste;
2. Identify the different sources
of waste and treatments; and
3. Cite the major waste
treatments and disposal
methods.

2. Sources of Waste
and Treatment

3. Wastes
• are unwanted or unusable materials.
• Waste is any substance that is
discarded after primary use or is
worthless, defective, and of no use.
• A waste product may become a by-
product, joint product, or resource
through an invention that raises a
waste product's value above zero.

4. Joint Products
- are produced
from
simultaneously
produced from
same process
and has equal
importance.
By-Products
- are products
that are produced
form scrap or
waste materials
in the process.

5. Causes of Increase in Solid
Waste
1. Population growth
2. Increase in industrials
manufacturing
3. Urbanization
4. Modernization, technological
advancement (E-Waste)

7. INDUSTRIAL WASTE
These are the
wastes created in
factories and
industries. Most
industries dump
their wastes in
rivers and seas
which cause a lot of
pollution.

8. COMMERCIAL WASTE
Commercial
wastes are
produced in
schools,
colleges,
shops, and
offices.

9. DOMESTIC WASTE
The different
household wastes
which are
collected during
household
activities like
cooking, cleaning,
etc. are known as
domestic wastes.

10. AGRICULTURAL WASTE
Various wastes
produced in the
agricultural
field are known
as agricultural
wastes.

11. MAJOR WASTE TREATMENTS
AND DISPOSAL METHODS
•A. Thermal Treatment
•B. Dumps and Landfills.
•C. Biological Waste Treatment

12. MAJOR WASTE TREATMENTS
AND DISPOSAL METHODS
•A. Thermal Treatment refers to
the processes that use heat to
treat waste materials.

13. Incineration
•The process of burning
hazardous materials at
temperature high enough to
destroy contaminants.

15. Gasification
•converts solid wastes into energy
and valuable chemical products.
•does not actually burn the solid
waste materials instead it breaks
the molecules apart with heat and a
very small amount of air or oxygen
and then recombines them to form
syngas

17. Pyrolysis
•Gasification and Pyrolysis are two
similar methods, both of which
decompose organic waste materials
by exposing waste to low amounts
of oxygen and very high
temperature. Pyrolysis uses no
oxygen while gasification allows a
very low amount of oxygen in the
process.

18. Open Burning
• is a legacy thermal waste treatment that is
environmentally harmful.
• They release substances such as
hexachlorobenzene, dioxins, carbon
monoxide, particulate matter, volatile
organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic
compounds, and ash.
• Unfortunately, this method is still practiced
by many local authorities internationally, as
it offers an inexpensive solution to solid
waste.

20. MAJOR WASTE TREATMENTS
AND DISPOSAL METHODS
A. Thermal Treatment
1. Incineration
2. Gasification
3. Pyrolysis
4. Open Burning

21. MAJOR WASTE
TREATMENTS AND
DISPOSAL METHODS
•B. Dumps and Landfills.

22. Sanitary landfills
Large pit
Lined with
synthetic
plastic
Garbage are
dumped
Properly
Compressed
Pipes
Methane
gas
Produced
electricity
Covered by
soil
Water pipes

24. Controlled dumps
•are the same as sanitary landfills.
•These dumps comply with many of the
requirements for being a sanitary landfill
but may lack one or two.
•Such dumps may have a well-planned
capacity but no cell planning.
•There may be no or partial gas
management, basic record-keeping, or
regular cover.

26. Bioreactor landfills
- this process allows for more
efficient decomposition and
stabilization of organic waste
increasing the amount of free
space in the landfill and
subsequently extending the
landfills life

29. MAJOR WASTE
TREATMENTS AND
DISPOSAL METHODS
•B. Dumps and Landfills.
1. Sanitary landfills
2. Controlled dumps
3. Bioreactor landfills

30. MAJOR WASTE TREATMENTS
AND DISPOSAL METHODS
C. Biological Waste Treatment

31. Composting
•is another most frequently used waste
disposal or treatment method
•the controlled aerobic decomposition of
organic waste materials by the action of
small invertebrates and microorganisms.
•The most common composting
techniques include static pile
composting, vermin composting, windrow
composting, and in-vessel composting.

32. Anaerobic Digestion
• also uses biological processes to
decompose organic materials.
• Anaerobic Digestion, however, uses
oxygen and a bacteria-free environment
to decompose the waste material
where composting must have air to
enable the growth of microbes.

34. MAJOR WASTE TREATMENTS
AND DISPOSAL METHODS
C. Biological Waste Treatment
1. Composting
2. Anaerobic Digestion

35. MAJOR WASTE TREATMENTS
AND DISPOSAL METHODS
A. Thermal Treatment
1. Incineration
2. Gasification
3. Pyrolysis
4. Open Burning

36. MAJOR WASTE
TREATMENTS AND
DISPOSAL METHODS
•B. Dumps and Landfills.
1. Sanitary landfills
2. Controlled dumps
3. Bioreactor landfills

37. MAJOR WASTE TREATMENTS
AND DISPOSAL METHODS
C. Biological Waste Treatment
1. Composting
2. Anaerobic Digestion

38. Main waste disposal
methods include:
•Incineration
•Recycling
•Open Dumping
•Ocean Dumping

39. That’s all
Thank You