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Recupero della seq. nucleotidica (mRNA) e
della seq. nucleotidica genomica
ALLINEAMENTO
NM_003037
vs
NC_000001.11
MEDIANTE
BLASTN
LE GIUNZIONI
ESONE-ESONE
(STEP 5)
…
LE GIUNZIONI
ESONE-ESONE
Le giunzioni esone -esone
sono state riportate sulla
sequenza nucleotidica
genomica (mRNA) in
formato FASTA nel file
Word.
Progettazione dei primers ALLINEAMENTO
CON Primer-
BLAST
I parametri di temperatura e
lunghezza dei primers voluti sono
stati impostati nel tool «Primer
Blast» e si è proceduto con
l’allineamento della seq. NM_003037
SCELTA DELLA
COPPIA DI
PRIMER
Una coppia di primer con
almeno una giunzione
esone -esone
nell’amplicone è stata
scelta e la sue
caratteristiche sono state
riportate nel file Word.
La coppia scelta è la n°1.
Le loro posizioni sono
state riportate sulla
sequenza nel file Word.
Analisi di una sequenza: caratteristiche
fisico-chimiche - ProtParam
La seq proteica è stata
recuperata in formato FASTA
e inserita nel database
ProtParam.
Number of amino acids: 335
Molecular weight: 37230.9
Theoretical pI: 8.70
Ext. coefficient 43235Abs 0.1% (=1
g/l) 1.161, assuming all pairs of Cys
residues form cystines
Ext. coefficient 42860Abs 0.1% (=1
g/l) 1.151, assuming all Cys residues
are reduced
Instability index: 46.72; this
classifies the protein as unstable.
Aliphatic index: 91.61
Grand average of hydropathicity
(GRAVY): -0.202
COMPOSIZIONE
IN AA
vs
FREQUENZA
NORMALIZZATA
DEGLI AA
Ala (A) 15 4.5%
Arg (R) 13 3.9%
Asn (N) 17 5.1%
Asp (D) 9 2.7%
Cys (C) 7 2.1%
Gln (Q) 14 4.2%
Glu (E) 20 6.0%
Gly (G) 21 6.3%
His (H) 6 1.8%
Ile (I) 18 5.4%
Leu (L) 39 11.6%
Lys (K) 21 6.3%
Met (M) 8 2.4%
Phe (F) 7 2.1%
Pro (P) 22 6.6%
Ser (S) 29 8.7%
Thr (T) 27 8.1%
Trp (W) 4 1.2%
Tyr (Y) 14 4.2%
Val (V) 24 7.2%
Pyl (O) 0 0.0%
Sec (U) 0 0.0%
= frequenza
< di 3% rispetto alla
frequenza normalizzata
= frequenza
> di 3% rispetto alla
frequenza normalizzata
Amino acid composition
8,7%
8,5%
Ricerche ed analisi usando pattern e
profili: ProSite
1 hit (by 1 profile)
on 1 sequence
Nessun pattern
Un ponte disolfuro
INPUT: seq.
proteica
DATABASE:
patten/profili
Ricerche ed analisi usando pattern e
profili: rps - BLAST INPUT: seq.
proteica
DATABASE:
profili PSSM
Ricerche ed analisi usando pattern e
profili: InterPro APPLICAZIONE
DEI PHMM
Detailed signature
matches
Signaling lymphocytic
activation molecule, N-
terminal
Immunoglobulin-like
domain
Unintegrated signatures
Lo stesso risultato di
Pfam/rps-BLAST
Informazioni della ricerca di
pattern/profili
SLAM superfamily (rps-BLAST)
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule, N-terminal
(ProSite)
Immunoglobulin-like domain (ProSite, Interpro)
Disulfide bond (ProSite)
INFORMAZIONI
INTEGRATE
NELLA
SEQUENZA
PROTEICA
Predizione della localizzazione delle
proteine: Psort PREDIZIONE
DEI SITI DI
LOCALIZZAZIO
NE DELLA
PROTEINA
NELLA CELLULA
Position of the most N-terminal TMS: 5 at i=2
INTEGRAL Likelihood =-12.37 Transmembrane 242 - 258 ( 237 - 264)
INTEGRAL Likelihood = -4.78 Transmembrane 5 - 21 ( 3 - 23)
Type IIIa or IIIb is favored for ER memb. proteins Memb.protein
with uncleavable signl is often at ER
KDEL Count: 0
apolar signal for intramitochondrial sorting (Gavel position 53) from:
5 to: 21
Type III proteins may be localized at Golgi
Predizione della localizzazione delle
proteine: SignalIP PREDIZIONE SITI
DI CLIVAGGIO E
EVENTUALE
PRESENZA DI
PEPTIDI
SEGNALE
C-score= raw-cleavage site score
S-score= signal peptide score
Y-score = combined cleavage site score
Predizione della localizzazione delle
proteine: TMHMM PREDIZIONE
ELICHE
TRANSMEMB
RANA IN
PROTEINE
Predizione della localizzazione
delle proteine INFORMAZIONI
INTEGRATE
NELLA
SEQUENZA
PROTEICA
= dominio transmembrana Psort
= dominio transmembrana Psort + TMHMM
= sito di clivaggio SignalIP
= dominio transmembrana TMHMM
Parametri:
Expected Threshold: 0,001
Word size: 3
Ricerca per confronto di
sequenze: BLASTP INPUT: seq.
proteica
DATABASE:
RefseqPrimo risultato salvato in html
Taxonomy reports  specie in
cui trovo la mia proteina:
primati,
conigli & lepri,
roditori,
balene & delfini,
ungulati,
carnivori,
pipistrelli,
placentati
7 sequenze simili
in uomo
Seconda ricerca BLASTP
Le sequenze sono state riportate nel file word e rese più leggibili
INPUT: seq.
proteica
DATABASE:
Refseq
Analisi filogenetica - MEGA5
ALLINEAMENTO
MULTIPLO TRA
SEQ RECUPERATE
E SEQ DI
INTERESSE
OUTPUT ALBERO
BOOTSTRAP
CONSENSO –
MEGA5
Albero consenso
Myseq Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Homosapiens NP 003028.1
Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Homosapiens NP 003028.1
Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Gorillagorilla XP 004027768.1
Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Macacamulatta XP 001117605.1
Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX1 Homosapiens XP 005245513.1
Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX3 Homosapiens XP 011508207.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Vicugnapacos XP 015104492.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Canislupusfamiliaris NP 001003084.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Feliscatus NP 001265755.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Rattus norvegicus NP 001102548.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX2 Mus musculus XP 006496936.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Mus musculus NP 038758.2
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX1 Mus musculus XP 006496935.1
Ucc signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Gallus gallus XP 423077.3
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX13 Gallusgallus XP 003643429.2
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX10 Gallusgallus XP 015153958.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX9 Gallusgallus XP 015153957.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX12 Gallusgallus XP 004950235.2
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX8 Gallusgallus XP 015153956.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX4 Gallusgallus XP 004950229.2
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX6 Gallusgallus XP 015153954.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX1 Gallusgallus XP 015153951.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX7 Gallusgallus XP 015153955.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX3 Gallusgallus XP 015153952.1
Albero originale OUTPUT ALBERO
ORIGINALE –
MEGA5
Myseq Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Homosapiens NP 003028.1
Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Homosapiens NP 003028.1
Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Gorillagorilla XP 004027768.1
Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Macacamulatta XP 001117605.1
Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX1 Homosapiens XP 005245513.1
Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX3 Homosapiens XP 011508207.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Vicugnapacos XP 015104492.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Canislupusfamiliaris NP 001003084.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Feliscatus NP 001265755.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Rattus norvegicus NP 001102548.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Mus musculus NP 038758.2
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX1 Mus musculus XP 006496935.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX2 Mus musculus XP 006496936.1
Ucc signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Gallus gallus XP 423077.3
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX13 Gallusgallus XP 003643429.2
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX10 Gallusgallus XP 015153958.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX9 Gallusgallus XP 015153957.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX12 Gallusgallus XP 004950235.2
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX8 Gallusgallus XP 015153956.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX4 Gallusgallus XP 004950229.2
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX6 Gallusgallus XP 015153954.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX1 Gallusgallus XP 015153951.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX7 Gallusgallus XP 015153955.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX3 Gallusgallus XP 015153952.1
OUTPUT ALBERO
BOOTSTRAP
CONSENSO –
MEGA5
SENZA
RIPETIZIONE
Myseq Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Homosapiens NP 003028.1
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Feliscatus NP 001265755.1
Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX3 Homosapiens XP 011508207.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX12 Gallusgallus XP 004950235.2
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX13 Gallusgallus XP 003643429.2
Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX1 Mus musculus XP 006496935.1
Ucc signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Gallus gallus XP 423077.3
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX4 Gallusgallus XP 004950229.2
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX7 Gallusgallus XP 015153955.1
Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX1 Gallusgallus XP 015153951.1
Analisi filogenetica -
GeneDoc
SEQUENZE
ORDINATE
SECONDO I
RAGGRUPPAMENTI
FILOGENETICI
Analisi filogenetica – The
MEME Suit RICERCA DI
DOMINI NON
CONSERVATI
OUTPUT DI
MEME DA
FILE html
OUTPUT DI
MEME DA
FILE html
OUTPUT DI
MAST (MEME)
DA FILE html
= dominio di transmembrana+sito di clivaggio
OUTPUT DI
MAST
(MEME) DA
FILE html
I motivi 2+5+6 sono presenti solo nel cluster Gallus gallus
Il motivo 1 è presente in tutte le sequenze, tranne nelle sequenze di Homo Sapiens
(la sequenza 7 e la 8) e in una di Gallus gallus, la sequenza 10
I motivi 3 e 4 sono condivisi da tutte le sequenze.
All’interno del dominio 4 nella mia sequenza proteica, si riconosce il dominio
transmembrana recuperato dalle informazioni fornitemi da TMHMM e PSort
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
ANALISI DI
PREDIZIONE DI
SEGNALE DI
SECREZIONE E
PRESENZA DI
DOMINI
TRANSMEMBRANA
RISULTATI
RIPORTATI SU
GENEDOC
Interpretazione funzionale di
dati derivanti da esperimenti
di microarray
J Clin Invest. 2016 Jan;126(1):181-94. doi: 10.1172/JCI83013. Epub 2015 Nov 30.
SLAMF1 regulation of chemotaxis and autophagy determines CLL patient response.
Bologna C, Buonincontri R, Serra S, Vaisitti T, Audrito V, Brusa D, Pagnani A, Coscia M, D'Arena G, Mereu
E, Piva R, Furman RR, Rossi D, Gaidano G,Terhorst C, Deaglio S.
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a variable disease; therefore, markers to identify aggressive forms
are essential for patient management. Here, we have shown that expression of the costimulatory molecule
and microbial sensor SLAMF1 (also known as CD150) is lost in a subset of patients with an aggressive CLL
that associates with a shorter time to first treatment and reduced overall survival. SLAMF1 silencing in CLL-
like Mec-1 cells, which constitutively express SLAMF1, modulated pathways related to cell migration,
cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular vesicle formation and recirculation. SLAMF1 deficiency
associated with increased expression of CXCR4, CD38, and CD44, thereby positively affecting chemotactic
responses to CXCL12. SLAMF1 ligation with an agonistic monoclonal antibody increased ROS
accumulation and induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK1/2, and BCL2, thereby promoting the autophagic
flux. Beclin1 dissociated from BCL2 in response to SLAMF1 ligation, resulting in formation of the
autophagy macrocomplex, which contains SLAMF1, beclin1, and the enzyme VPS34. Accordingly,
SLAMF1-silenced cells or SLAMF1(lo) primary CLL cells were resistant to autophagy-activating
therapeutic agents, such as fludarabine and the BCL2 homology domain 3 mimetic ABT-737. Together, these
results indicate that loss of SLAMF1 expression in CLL modulates genetic pathways that regulate
chemotaxis and autophagy and that potentially affect drug responses, and suggest that these effects underlie
unfavorable clinical outcome experienced by SLAMF1(lo) patients.
RIPORTARE
DUE
ABSTRACT
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2014 Dec;79(12):1405-11. doi: 10.1134/S0006297914120165.
Upstream open reading frames regulate translation of the long isoform of SLAMF1
mRNA that encodes costimulatory receptor CD150.
Putlyaeva LV1, Schwartz AM, Korneev KV, Covic M, Uroshlev LA, Makeev VY, Dmitriev
SE, Kuprash DV.
Abstract
More than 40% of human genes contain upstream open reading frames (uORF) in their 5'-
untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) and at the same time express at least one truncated mRNA
isoform containing no uORF. We studied translational regulation by four uORFs found in the
5'-UTR of full-length mRNA for SLAMF1, the gene encoding CD150 membrane protein.
CD150 is a member of the CD2 superfamily, a costimulatory lymphocyte receptor, a receptor
for measles virus, and a microbial sensor on macrophages. The SLAMF1 gene produces at least
two mRNA isoforms that differ in their 5'-UTRs. In the long isoform of the SLAMF1 mRNA
that harbors four uORFs in the 5'-UTR, the stop codon of uORF4 overlaps with the AUG codon
of the main ORF forming a potential termination-reinitiation site UGAUG, while uORF2 and
uORF3 start codons flank a sequence identical to Motif 1 from the TURBS regulatory element.
TURBS was shown to be required for a coupled termination-reinitiation event during
translation of polycistronic RNAs of some viruses. In a model cell system, reporter mRNA
based on the 5'-UTR of SLAMF1 short isoform, which lacks any uORF, is translated 5-6 times
more efficiently than the mRNA with 5'-UTR from the long isoform. Nucleotide substitutions
disrupting start codons in either uORF2-4 result in significant increase in translation efficiency,
while substitution of two nucleotides in TURBS Motif 1 leads to a 2-fold decrease in activity.
These data suggest that TURBS-like elements can serve for translation control of certain
cellular mRNAs containing uORFs.
PMID: 25716736 DOI: 10.1134/S0006297914120165
RIPORTARE
DUE
ABSTRACT
Utilizzo di String 9.1
RICERCA DI
INTERAZIONI
FRA PROTEINE
NOTE E
PREDETTE
Controllo sul foglio <<gene list up-dn>>. Il gene SLAMF1 è DOWN
REGOLATO.
Collegamento: link all’esperimento (geni down):
http://www.broadinstitute.org/gsea/msigdb/geneset_page.jsp?geneSetN
ame=GSE13411_NAIVE_VS_IGM_MEMORY_BCELL_UP
Resting human memory B cells are intrinsically programmed for enhanced survival and
responsiveness to diverse stimuli compared to naive B cells.
Good KL1, Avery DT, Tangye SG.
Abstract
Enhanced secondary Ab responses are a vital component of adaptive immunity, yet little is
understood about the intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of naive and memory B cells that result in
differences in their responses to Ag. Microarray analysis, together with surface and intracellular
phenotyping, revealed that memory B cells have increased expression of members of the TNF
receptor, SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule), B7, and Bcl2 families, as well as the
TLR-related molecule CD180 (RP105). Accordingly, memory B cells exhibited enhanced survival,
proliferation, and Ig secretion, and they entered division more rapidly than did naive B cells in
response to both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent stimuli. Furthermore, both IgM and
isotype-switched memory B cells, but not naive B cells, costimulated CD4+ T cells in vitro
through a mechanism dependent on their constitutive expression of CD80 and CD86. This study
demonstrates that up-regulation of genes involved in activation, costimulation, and survival
provides memory B cells with a unique ability to produce enhanced immune responses and
contributes to the maintenance of the memory B cell pool.
RECUPERO
DELL’ABSTRACT
DA GENE
EXPRESSION
OMNIBUS [ DA
GSEA]
ORGANIZZAZIONE
DELL’ESPERIMENTO
DA GENE
EXPRESSION
OMNIBUS.
Four subsets of human splenic B cells (naïve, IgM-memory, Ig isotype
switched memory and plasma cells).
Sort-purified and analysed immediately ex vivo; performed in duplicate.
Tools di Enrichment Analysis:
KEGG Analysis
Wikipathways Analysis
Drug association Analysis
Analisi funzionale dei risultati di
microarray - Webgesalt
La mia proteina non è presente né in
KEGG, né in Wikipathway Scelta dei
pathway più significativi
WEBGESALT
CLASSE I
KEGG PATHWAY
adjP=0.0004
WIKIPATHWAY
adjP=1.03e-06
PATHWAYS &
DRUGS PIÙ
SIGNIFICATIVI
KEGG Pathway #Gene Statistics
Metabolic pathways 37
C=1130;O=37;E
=10.30;R=3.59;r
awP=2.83e-
11;adjP=7.92e-
10
Glycolysis /
Gluconeogenesis
9
C=65;O=9;E=0.5
9;R=15.19;rawP
=8.06e-
09;adjP=1.13e-
07
Epithelial cell signaling in
Helicobacter pylori
infection
6
C=68;O=6;E=0.6
2;R=9.68;rawP=
3.75e-
05;adjP=0.0003
B cell receptor signaling
pathway
6
C=75;O=6;E=0.6
8;R=8.78;rawP=
6.53e-
05;adjP=0.0004
WikiPathway #Gene Statistics
Glycolysis and
Gluconeogenesis
9
C=50;O=9;E=0
.46;R=19.75;ra
wP=7.13e-
10;adjP=1.43e-
08
B Cell Receptor
Signaling Pathway
10
C=114;O=10;E
=1.04;R=9.63;r
awP=1.03e-
07;adjP=1.03e-
06
Regulation of toll-like
receptor signaling
pathway
10
C=154;O=10;E
=1.40;R=7.13;r
awP=1.69e-
06;adjP=1.13e-
05
Prolactin Signaling
Pathway
7
C=92;O=7;E=0
.84;R=8.35;raw
P=2.23e-
05;adjP=0.0001
AhR pathway 5
C=39;O=5;E=0
.36;R=14.07;ra
wP=2.73e-
05;adjP=0.0001
Drug #Gene Statistics
cefacetrile 10
C=100;O=10;E=0.
91;R=10.97;rawP
=2.94e-
08;adjP=1.69e-07
netilmicin 10
C=97;O=10;E=0.8
8;R=11.31;rawP=
2.19e-
08;adjP=1.69e-07
cefotaxime 10
C=100;O=10;E=0.
91;R=10.97;rawP
=2.94e-
08;adjP=1.69e-07
immune globulin 23
C=624;O=23;E=5.
69;R=4.04;rawP=
2.13e-
08;adjP=1.69e-07
ciprofloxacin 10
C=111;O=10;E=1.
01;R=9.89;rawP=
8.02e-
08;adjP=3.69e-07
glutathione 15
C=341;O=15;E=3.
11;R=4.83;rawP=
7.10e-
07;adjP=2.72e-06
adenine 10
C=159;O=10;E=1.
45;R=6.90;rawP=
2.25e-
06;adjP=7.39e-06
nadh 12
C=243;O=12;E=2.
21;R=5.42;rawP=
2.83e-
06;adjP=8.14e-06
PATHWAYS &
DRUGS PIÙ
SIGNIFICATIVI
Analisi funzionale dei risultati di
microarray - GSEA
GSEAL
CLASSE I +
CLASSE II
Gene list completa e GO, Gene list up e TFT (C3 TFT), Gene list dn e TFT (C3
TFT)
Risultati riportati nel file excel
OUTPUT
GSEAL
Analisi funzionale dei risultati di
microarray - DAVID
DAVID
CLASSE III
Lista dei geni dei termini /
pathway di DAVID in cui è
presente il mio termine
KLF6
BAK1
PKNOX1
FYN
BCL6
LIG4
SLAMF1
LTB
SYK
Analisi funzionale dei risultati di
microarray – STRING 9.1 multiple
names RICERCA DI
INTERAZIONI
FRA PROTEINE
CON UNA LISTA
SELEZIONATA
SLAMF1 è un membro della famiglia delle molecole attivanti i segnali dei linfociti. E’
un componente della CD2 superfamily,un recettore linfocitico costimulatorio, un
recettore per il virus del morbillo e un sensore microbico sulla superficie dei
macrofagi.
È presente in due isoforme, di cui una troncata(differiscono nel loro 5’ UTR).
Dimostra un’alta affinità nel self-ligand, importante nella stimolazione bidirezionale
tra cellule T e cellule B.
Il profilo di espressione genica di SLAMF1 è molto diverso tra cellule immunitarie
(PCs, naϊve e cellule di memoria) Ciò è probabilmente dovuto ad un cambiamento
nella fisiologia; inoltre ha un ruolo nella differenziazione e nella funzione delle cellule
durante la risposta immunitaria all’antigene. A questo proposito, SLAM1 è collegato ai
pathways di signaling dei Toll- like receptor e delle Chemochine
E’ associato a diversi fattori di trascrizione, tra cui anche stimolatori linfoidi (anche
collegati all’insorgenza di linfomi)
La down-regolazione di SLAMF1 è fisiologica nelle cellule di memoria (che up-
regolano geni per una veloce divisione cellulare), ma può essere anche patologica,
poichè strettamente collegata all’insorgenza di leucemie [Chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL)]
CONCLUSIONI
CONCLUSIONI
BASATE SU:
-ABSTRACT
-ENRICHMENT
ANALYSIS
-NETWORK
Bioinformatica

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Bioinformatica

  • 1.
  • 2. Recupero della seq. nucleotidica (mRNA) e della seq. nucleotidica genomica ALLINEAMENTO NM_003037 vs NC_000001.11 MEDIANTE BLASTN
  • 4. LE GIUNZIONI ESONE-ESONE Le giunzioni esone -esone sono state riportate sulla sequenza nucleotidica genomica (mRNA) in formato FASTA nel file Word.
  • 5. Progettazione dei primers ALLINEAMENTO CON Primer- BLAST I parametri di temperatura e lunghezza dei primers voluti sono stati impostati nel tool «Primer Blast» e si è proceduto con l’allineamento della seq. NM_003037
  • 6. SCELTA DELLA COPPIA DI PRIMER Una coppia di primer con almeno una giunzione esone -esone nell’amplicone è stata scelta e la sue caratteristiche sono state riportate nel file Word. La coppia scelta è la n°1. Le loro posizioni sono state riportate sulla sequenza nel file Word.
  • 7. Analisi di una sequenza: caratteristiche fisico-chimiche - ProtParam La seq proteica è stata recuperata in formato FASTA e inserita nel database ProtParam. Number of amino acids: 335 Molecular weight: 37230.9 Theoretical pI: 8.70 Ext. coefficient 43235Abs 0.1% (=1 g/l) 1.161, assuming all pairs of Cys residues form cystines Ext. coefficient 42860Abs 0.1% (=1 g/l) 1.151, assuming all Cys residues are reduced Instability index: 46.72; this classifies the protein as unstable. Aliphatic index: 91.61 Grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY): -0.202 COMPOSIZIONE IN AA vs FREQUENZA NORMALIZZATA DEGLI AA Ala (A) 15 4.5% Arg (R) 13 3.9% Asn (N) 17 5.1% Asp (D) 9 2.7% Cys (C) 7 2.1% Gln (Q) 14 4.2% Glu (E) 20 6.0% Gly (G) 21 6.3% His (H) 6 1.8% Ile (I) 18 5.4% Leu (L) 39 11.6% Lys (K) 21 6.3% Met (M) 8 2.4% Phe (F) 7 2.1% Pro (P) 22 6.6% Ser (S) 29 8.7% Thr (T) 27 8.1% Trp (W) 4 1.2% Tyr (Y) 14 4.2% Val (V) 24 7.2% Pyl (O) 0 0.0% Sec (U) 0 0.0% = frequenza < di 3% rispetto alla frequenza normalizzata = frequenza > di 3% rispetto alla frequenza normalizzata Amino acid composition 8,7% 8,5%
  • 8. Ricerche ed analisi usando pattern e profili: ProSite 1 hit (by 1 profile) on 1 sequence Nessun pattern Un ponte disolfuro INPUT: seq. proteica DATABASE: patten/profili
  • 9. Ricerche ed analisi usando pattern e profili: rps - BLAST INPUT: seq. proteica DATABASE: profili PSSM
  • 10. Ricerche ed analisi usando pattern e profili: InterPro APPLICAZIONE DEI PHMM Detailed signature matches Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule, N- terminal Immunoglobulin-like domain Unintegrated signatures Lo stesso risultato di Pfam/rps-BLAST
  • 11. Informazioni della ricerca di pattern/profili SLAM superfamily (rps-BLAST) Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule, N-terminal (ProSite) Immunoglobulin-like domain (ProSite, Interpro) Disulfide bond (ProSite) INFORMAZIONI INTEGRATE NELLA SEQUENZA PROTEICA
  • 12. Predizione della localizzazione delle proteine: Psort PREDIZIONE DEI SITI DI LOCALIZZAZIO NE DELLA PROTEINA NELLA CELLULA Position of the most N-terminal TMS: 5 at i=2 INTEGRAL Likelihood =-12.37 Transmembrane 242 - 258 ( 237 - 264) INTEGRAL Likelihood = -4.78 Transmembrane 5 - 21 ( 3 - 23) Type IIIa or IIIb is favored for ER memb. proteins Memb.protein with uncleavable signl is often at ER KDEL Count: 0 apolar signal for intramitochondrial sorting (Gavel position 53) from: 5 to: 21 Type III proteins may be localized at Golgi
  • 13. Predizione della localizzazione delle proteine: SignalIP PREDIZIONE SITI DI CLIVAGGIO E EVENTUALE PRESENZA DI PEPTIDI SEGNALE C-score= raw-cleavage site score S-score= signal peptide score Y-score = combined cleavage site score
  • 14. Predizione della localizzazione delle proteine: TMHMM PREDIZIONE ELICHE TRANSMEMB RANA IN PROTEINE
  • 15. Predizione della localizzazione delle proteine INFORMAZIONI INTEGRATE NELLA SEQUENZA PROTEICA = dominio transmembrana Psort = dominio transmembrana Psort + TMHMM = sito di clivaggio SignalIP = dominio transmembrana TMHMM
  • 16. Parametri: Expected Threshold: 0,001 Word size: 3 Ricerca per confronto di sequenze: BLASTP INPUT: seq. proteica DATABASE: RefseqPrimo risultato salvato in html Taxonomy reports  specie in cui trovo la mia proteina: primati, conigli & lepri, roditori, balene & delfini, ungulati, carnivori, pipistrelli, placentati 7 sequenze simili in uomo
  • 17. Seconda ricerca BLASTP Le sequenze sono state riportate nel file word e rese più leggibili INPUT: seq. proteica DATABASE: Refseq
  • 18. Analisi filogenetica - MEGA5 ALLINEAMENTO MULTIPLO TRA SEQ RECUPERATE E SEQ DI INTERESSE
  • 19. OUTPUT ALBERO BOOTSTRAP CONSENSO – MEGA5 Albero consenso Myseq Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Homosapiens NP 003028.1 Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Homosapiens NP 003028.1 Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Gorillagorilla XP 004027768.1 Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Macacamulatta XP 001117605.1 Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX1 Homosapiens XP 005245513.1 Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX3 Homosapiens XP 011508207.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Vicugnapacos XP 015104492.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Canislupusfamiliaris NP 001003084.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Feliscatus NP 001265755.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Rattus norvegicus NP 001102548.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX2 Mus musculus XP 006496936.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Mus musculus NP 038758.2 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX1 Mus musculus XP 006496935.1 Ucc signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Gallus gallus XP 423077.3 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX13 Gallusgallus XP 003643429.2 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX10 Gallusgallus XP 015153958.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX9 Gallusgallus XP 015153957.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX12 Gallusgallus XP 004950235.2 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX8 Gallusgallus XP 015153956.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX4 Gallusgallus XP 004950229.2 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX6 Gallusgallus XP 015153954.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX1 Gallusgallus XP 015153951.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX7 Gallusgallus XP 015153955.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX3 Gallusgallus XP 015153952.1
  • 20. Albero originale OUTPUT ALBERO ORIGINALE – MEGA5 Myseq Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Homosapiens NP 003028.1 Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Homosapiens NP 003028.1 Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Gorillagorilla XP 004027768.1 Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Macacamulatta XP 001117605.1 Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX1 Homosapiens XP 005245513.1 Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX3 Homosapiens XP 011508207.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Vicugnapacos XP 015104492.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Canislupusfamiliaris NP 001003084.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Feliscatus NP 001265755.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Rattus norvegicus NP 001102548.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Mus musculus NP 038758.2 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX1 Mus musculus XP 006496935.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX2 Mus musculus XP 006496936.1 Ucc signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Gallus gallus XP 423077.3 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX13 Gallusgallus XP 003643429.2 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX10 Gallusgallus XP 015153958.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX9 Gallusgallus XP 015153957.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX12 Gallusgallus XP 004950235.2 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX8 Gallusgallus XP 015153956.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX4 Gallusgallus XP 004950229.2 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX6 Gallusgallus XP 015153954.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX1 Gallusgallus XP 015153951.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX7 Gallusgallus XP 015153955.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX3 Gallusgallus XP 015153952.1
  • 21. OUTPUT ALBERO BOOTSTRAP CONSENSO – MEGA5 SENZA RIPETIZIONE Myseq Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Homosapiens NP 003028.1 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeprecursor Feliscatus NP 001265755.1 Prim signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX3 Homosapiens XP 011508207.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX12 Gallusgallus XP 004950235.2 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX13 Gallusgallus XP 003643429.2 Mamm signalinglymphocyticactivationmoleculeisoformX1 Mus musculus XP 006496935.1 Ucc signalinglymphocyticactivationmolecule Gallus gallus XP 423077.3 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX4 Gallusgallus XP 004950229.2 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX7 Gallusgallus XP 015153955.1 Ucc naturalkillercellreceptor2B4isoformX1 Gallusgallus XP 015153951.1
  • 23. Analisi filogenetica – The MEME Suit RICERCA DI DOMINI NON CONSERVATI
  • 27. = dominio di transmembrana+sito di clivaggio OUTPUT DI MAST (MEME) DA FILE html I motivi 2+5+6 sono presenti solo nel cluster Gallus gallus Il motivo 1 è presente in tutte le sequenze, tranne nelle sequenze di Homo Sapiens (la sequenza 7 e la 8) e in una di Gallus gallus, la sequenza 10 I motivi 3 e 4 sono condivisi da tutte le sequenze. All’interno del dominio 4 nella mia sequenza proteica, si riconosce il dominio transmembrana recuperato dalle informazioni fornitemi da TMHMM e PSort 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
  • 28. ANALISI DI PREDIZIONE DI SEGNALE DI SECREZIONE E PRESENZA DI DOMINI TRANSMEMBRANA
  • 30. Interpretazione funzionale di dati derivanti da esperimenti di microarray J Clin Invest. 2016 Jan;126(1):181-94. doi: 10.1172/JCI83013. Epub 2015 Nov 30. SLAMF1 regulation of chemotaxis and autophagy determines CLL patient response. Bologna C, Buonincontri R, Serra S, Vaisitti T, Audrito V, Brusa D, Pagnani A, Coscia M, D'Arena G, Mereu E, Piva R, Furman RR, Rossi D, Gaidano G,Terhorst C, Deaglio S. Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a variable disease; therefore, markers to identify aggressive forms are essential for patient management. Here, we have shown that expression of the costimulatory molecule and microbial sensor SLAMF1 (also known as CD150) is lost in a subset of patients with an aggressive CLL that associates with a shorter time to first treatment and reduced overall survival. SLAMF1 silencing in CLL- like Mec-1 cells, which constitutively express SLAMF1, modulated pathways related to cell migration, cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular vesicle formation and recirculation. SLAMF1 deficiency associated with increased expression of CXCR4, CD38, and CD44, thereby positively affecting chemotactic responses to CXCL12. SLAMF1 ligation with an agonistic monoclonal antibody increased ROS accumulation and induced phosphorylation of p38, JNK1/2, and BCL2, thereby promoting the autophagic flux. Beclin1 dissociated from BCL2 in response to SLAMF1 ligation, resulting in formation of the autophagy macrocomplex, which contains SLAMF1, beclin1, and the enzyme VPS34. Accordingly, SLAMF1-silenced cells or SLAMF1(lo) primary CLL cells were resistant to autophagy-activating therapeutic agents, such as fludarabine and the BCL2 homology domain 3 mimetic ABT-737. Together, these results indicate that loss of SLAMF1 expression in CLL modulates genetic pathways that regulate chemotaxis and autophagy and that potentially affect drug responses, and suggest that these effects underlie unfavorable clinical outcome experienced by SLAMF1(lo) patients. RIPORTARE DUE ABSTRACT
  • 31. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2014 Dec;79(12):1405-11. doi: 10.1134/S0006297914120165. Upstream open reading frames regulate translation of the long isoform of SLAMF1 mRNA that encodes costimulatory receptor CD150. Putlyaeva LV1, Schwartz AM, Korneev KV, Covic M, Uroshlev LA, Makeev VY, Dmitriev SE, Kuprash DV. Abstract More than 40% of human genes contain upstream open reading frames (uORF) in their 5'- untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) and at the same time express at least one truncated mRNA isoform containing no uORF. We studied translational regulation by four uORFs found in the 5'-UTR of full-length mRNA for SLAMF1, the gene encoding CD150 membrane protein. CD150 is a member of the CD2 superfamily, a costimulatory lymphocyte receptor, a receptor for measles virus, and a microbial sensor on macrophages. The SLAMF1 gene produces at least two mRNA isoforms that differ in their 5'-UTRs. In the long isoform of the SLAMF1 mRNA that harbors four uORFs in the 5'-UTR, the stop codon of uORF4 overlaps with the AUG codon of the main ORF forming a potential termination-reinitiation site UGAUG, while uORF2 and uORF3 start codons flank a sequence identical to Motif 1 from the TURBS regulatory element. TURBS was shown to be required for a coupled termination-reinitiation event during translation of polycistronic RNAs of some viruses. In a model cell system, reporter mRNA based on the 5'-UTR of SLAMF1 short isoform, which lacks any uORF, is translated 5-6 times more efficiently than the mRNA with 5'-UTR from the long isoform. Nucleotide substitutions disrupting start codons in either uORF2-4 result in significant increase in translation efficiency, while substitution of two nucleotides in TURBS Motif 1 leads to a 2-fold decrease in activity. These data suggest that TURBS-like elements can serve for translation control of certain cellular mRNAs containing uORFs. PMID: 25716736 DOI: 10.1134/S0006297914120165 RIPORTARE DUE ABSTRACT
  • 32. Utilizzo di String 9.1 RICERCA DI INTERAZIONI FRA PROTEINE NOTE E PREDETTE
  • 33. Controllo sul foglio <<gene list up-dn>>. Il gene SLAMF1 è DOWN REGOLATO. Collegamento: link all’esperimento (geni down): http://www.broadinstitute.org/gsea/msigdb/geneset_page.jsp?geneSetN ame=GSE13411_NAIVE_VS_IGM_MEMORY_BCELL_UP Resting human memory B cells are intrinsically programmed for enhanced survival and responsiveness to diverse stimuli compared to naive B cells. Good KL1, Avery DT, Tangye SG. Abstract Enhanced secondary Ab responses are a vital component of adaptive immunity, yet little is understood about the intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of naive and memory B cells that result in differences in their responses to Ag. Microarray analysis, together with surface and intracellular phenotyping, revealed that memory B cells have increased expression of members of the TNF receptor, SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule), B7, and Bcl2 families, as well as the TLR-related molecule CD180 (RP105). Accordingly, memory B cells exhibited enhanced survival, proliferation, and Ig secretion, and they entered division more rapidly than did naive B cells in response to both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent stimuli. Furthermore, both IgM and isotype-switched memory B cells, but not naive B cells, costimulated CD4+ T cells in vitro through a mechanism dependent on their constitutive expression of CD80 and CD86. This study demonstrates that up-regulation of genes involved in activation, costimulation, and survival provides memory B cells with a unique ability to produce enhanced immune responses and contributes to the maintenance of the memory B cell pool. RECUPERO DELL’ABSTRACT DA GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS [ DA GSEA]
  • 34. ORGANIZZAZIONE DELL’ESPERIMENTO DA GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS. Four subsets of human splenic B cells (naïve, IgM-memory, Ig isotype switched memory and plasma cells). Sort-purified and analysed immediately ex vivo; performed in duplicate.
  • 35. Tools di Enrichment Analysis: KEGG Analysis Wikipathways Analysis Drug association Analysis Analisi funzionale dei risultati di microarray - Webgesalt La mia proteina non è presente né in KEGG, né in Wikipathway Scelta dei pathway più significativi WEBGESALT CLASSE I
  • 38. PATHWAYS & DRUGS PIÙ SIGNIFICATIVI KEGG Pathway #Gene Statistics Metabolic pathways 37 C=1130;O=37;E =10.30;R=3.59;r awP=2.83e- 11;adjP=7.92e- 10 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis 9 C=65;O=9;E=0.5 9;R=15.19;rawP =8.06e- 09;adjP=1.13e- 07 Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection 6 C=68;O=6;E=0.6 2;R=9.68;rawP= 3.75e- 05;adjP=0.0003 B cell receptor signaling pathway 6 C=75;O=6;E=0.6 8;R=8.78;rawP= 6.53e- 05;adjP=0.0004 WikiPathway #Gene Statistics Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis 9 C=50;O=9;E=0 .46;R=19.75;ra wP=7.13e- 10;adjP=1.43e- 08 B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway 10 C=114;O=10;E =1.04;R=9.63;r awP=1.03e- 07;adjP=1.03e- 06 Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway 10 C=154;O=10;E =1.40;R=7.13;r awP=1.69e- 06;adjP=1.13e- 05 Prolactin Signaling Pathway 7 C=92;O=7;E=0 .84;R=8.35;raw P=2.23e- 05;adjP=0.0001 AhR pathway 5 C=39;O=5;E=0 .36;R=14.07;ra wP=2.73e- 05;adjP=0.0001
  • 39. Drug #Gene Statistics cefacetrile 10 C=100;O=10;E=0. 91;R=10.97;rawP =2.94e- 08;adjP=1.69e-07 netilmicin 10 C=97;O=10;E=0.8 8;R=11.31;rawP= 2.19e- 08;adjP=1.69e-07 cefotaxime 10 C=100;O=10;E=0. 91;R=10.97;rawP =2.94e- 08;adjP=1.69e-07 immune globulin 23 C=624;O=23;E=5. 69;R=4.04;rawP= 2.13e- 08;adjP=1.69e-07 ciprofloxacin 10 C=111;O=10;E=1. 01;R=9.89;rawP= 8.02e- 08;adjP=3.69e-07 glutathione 15 C=341;O=15;E=3. 11;R=4.83;rawP= 7.10e- 07;adjP=2.72e-06 adenine 10 C=159;O=10;E=1. 45;R=6.90;rawP= 2.25e- 06;adjP=7.39e-06 nadh 12 C=243;O=12;E=2. 21;R=5.42;rawP= 2.83e- 06;adjP=8.14e-06 PATHWAYS & DRUGS PIÙ SIGNIFICATIVI
  • 40. Analisi funzionale dei risultati di microarray - GSEA GSEAL CLASSE I + CLASSE II
  • 41. Gene list completa e GO, Gene list up e TFT (C3 TFT), Gene list dn e TFT (C3 TFT) Risultati riportati nel file excel OUTPUT GSEAL
  • 42. Analisi funzionale dei risultati di microarray - DAVID DAVID CLASSE III
  • 43. Lista dei geni dei termini / pathway di DAVID in cui è presente il mio termine KLF6 BAK1 PKNOX1 FYN BCL6 LIG4 SLAMF1 LTB SYK Analisi funzionale dei risultati di microarray – STRING 9.1 multiple names RICERCA DI INTERAZIONI FRA PROTEINE CON UNA LISTA SELEZIONATA
  • 44. SLAMF1 è un membro della famiglia delle molecole attivanti i segnali dei linfociti. E’ un componente della CD2 superfamily,un recettore linfocitico costimulatorio, un recettore per il virus del morbillo e un sensore microbico sulla superficie dei macrofagi. È presente in due isoforme, di cui una troncata(differiscono nel loro 5’ UTR). Dimostra un’alta affinità nel self-ligand, importante nella stimolazione bidirezionale tra cellule T e cellule B. Il profilo di espressione genica di SLAMF1 è molto diverso tra cellule immunitarie (PCs, naϊve e cellule di memoria) Ciò è probabilmente dovuto ad un cambiamento nella fisiologia; inoltre ha un ruolo nella differenziazione e nella funzione delle cellule durante la risposta immunitaria all’antigene. A questo proposito, SLAM1 è collegato ai pathways di signaling dei Toll- like receptor e delle Chemochine E’ associato a diversi fattori di trascrizione, tra cui anche stimolatori linfoidi (anche collegati all’insorgenza di linfomi) La down-regolazione di SLAMF1 è fisiologica nelle cellule di memoria (che up- regolano geni per una veloce divisione cellulare), ma può essere anche patologica, poichè strettamente collegata all’insorgenza di leucemie [Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)] CONCLUSIONI CONCLUSIONI BASATE SU: -ABSTRACT -ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS -NETWORK