Those who have done 4 week summer school on kiet will download this. Basic information abot cnc,hardness testing,UTM etc.

1. ON
CNC MACHINE
UNIVERSAL TESTING M/C
Submitted To Submitted by
Mr. Ajay Kumar Ehtesham Habeeb
(1202940069)

3. History
 The first NC machines were built in the
1950s by Prof. John T Parson.
 CNC machine came into existence after
evolution of computer around 1980.
 Modern CNC Machine are improving
further as the technology is changing with a
variety of functions according to
applications.

7. *
*The tool or material moves automatically.
*Larger machines have a machine control unit (MCU) which
manages operations.
*Movement is controlled by motors (actuators).
*Feedback is provided by sensors (transducers)
*Tool magazines are used to change tools automatically.

9. *
Important things to know:
*Coordinate System
*Units, incremental or
absolute positioning
*Coordinates: X,Y,Z, RX,RY,RZ
*Feed rate and spindle speed
*Coolant Control: On/Off,
Flood, Mist
*Tool Control: Tool and tool
parameters
Programming consists of a series
of instructions in form of letter codes
•Preparatory Codes:
G codes- Initial machining setup and
establishing operating conditions
N codes- specify program line number
to executed by the MCU
•Axis Codes: X,Y,Z
Used to specify motion of the slide along
X, Y, Z direction
•Feed and Speed Codes: F and S
Specify feed and spindle speed
•Tool codes: T – specify tool number
•Miscellaneous codes – M codes
For coolant control and other activities

11. Question

12. Program
N10 G90 G92;
N15 T0202;
N20 S1200 M03;
N25 G00 X 10 Z 2;
N35 G73 P40 Q70 W 0.1 F 0.2;
N40 G01 X 10 Z 0;
N45 Z -15;
N50 G03 X 12 Z -16 R 1;
N55 G01 Z -35;

13. N60 X 14 Z -50;
N65 Z -55;
N70 X 17;
N75 S 1500 M03 F 0.1;
N80 G72 P40 Q70;
N85 G00 X 30 Z30;
N90 M30;
% (END OF PROGRAM)

15. Introduction to
UNIVERSAL TESTING
MACHINE

17. Introduction
 A universal testing machine, also known as a universal
tester, materials testing machine or materials test frame, is
used to test the tensile stress and compressive strength of
materials. It is named after the fact that it can perform
many standard tensile and compression tests on materials,
components, and structures.

18. Components
 Load frame - usually consisting of two strong supports for
the machine. Some small machines have a single support.
 Cross head - A movable cross head (crosshead) is
controlled to move up or down. Usually this is at a constant
speed: sometimes called a constant rate of extension (CRE)
machine.
 Output device - A means of providing the test result is
needed. Some older machines have dial or digital displays
and chart recorders. Many newer machines have a
computer interface for analysis and printing.

19. Test function
 Tensile test.
 Compression test.
 Bending test.

21. Calculation
 Percentage Elongation in length
=(Lf-Lo)/(Lo)
• Percentage Reduction in Area
=(Ao-Af)/(A0)
• Engg. Stress=ultimate load/initial area

22. Rockwell testing
 Rockwell testing:
In Rockwell testing the minor load is 10 kg and major
load (60, 100, or 150 kg) is used regardless of the type
of indenter.
 Rockwell superficial testing:
In Rockwell superficial testing minor load is 3 kg and
major loads (15, 30 or 45 kg) are used.

23. Parameter
Material Scale Indentor Major Load(Kgf)
Soft HR A Diamond 60
Medium HR B Steel Ball 100
Hard HR C Diamond 150

24. TEST PROCEDURE
 Apply a minor load of 10 kg.
 Then the dial is set to zero and then major load is
applied.
 Then apply major load 60 to 150 kg according to the
scale used for 4 to 5 seconds.
 Release the major load only.
 Machine will show the Rockwell Hardness Number HR
on the machine.
 All these operation will be done by machine
automatically.
 100 number means most hard and 0 means least hard

25. Conclusion
It help to get familiar with the machine
practically.
I got to know lot of technical terms and
different machining operations.
Practical knowledge is also important
as theoretical.