1) Confucianism views the self as being defined by one's relationships and emphasis is placed on creating a harmonious social life through treating others well like family. 2) William James identified four constituents of the self - the material self including one's body and possessions, the social self, spiritual self, and pure ego. The material self particularly reflects one's overall self. 3) There are four types of metacognitive learners - tacit learners who are unaware of strategies, aware learners who know strategies but don't plan use, strategic learners who plan their learning, and reflective learners who adapt strategies based on situations. Understanding these helps teachers support different student needs.

1. By: Edmike B. Bucog

2. Salient Point: The Thoughts of Confucianism
Insights:
In this chapter, particularly this topic, I have
learned that “the self” has many interpretations
according to the place or the kind of people
which also has a different understanding or way
of thinking. In this lesson, we had focused all
about how in Confucianism perceived the self.
And upon digging deeper into the lesson, I found
out that Confucianism can be seen as a code of
ethical conduct or of how one should properly act
according to their relationship with other people.
And to sum it up, it is focused on having a
harmonious social life. Meaning to say, in
Confucianism, they really value having a good
relationship with other people. They literally hate
things that can produce harm to the people
around them for that is what they believe. They
do all these things for one great purpose. And
that is, in order to have a peaceful, happy, and
harmonious social life. In simpler terms, they
treat everybody like their family.
Application:
There are many instances in my life on
where I experienced this belief in Confucianism.
And I mostly experienced this inside the school.
In school, we are being taught not just
academically but also in behaving well or having
good character. We are being taught on how to
properly socialize with others in order to have a
more harmonious social relationship not just
inside the school but also outside on where we
can use it with other people. It is in the school
on where we start to value having good
relationship with others or in more simpler
terms, having friends. And with this simple
example, we are unconsciously practicing the
thoughts or ideas in Confucianism about the
self.

3. Salient Point: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Insights:
In this lesson, I have learned the sexually transmitted diseases that everyone can
get when undergoing sexual contact carelessly. I already have a background
knowledge about STDs but with this lesson, I learned that STDs are caused by
bacteria, viruses, and parasites. And other than it is very harmful for our health, STDs
can be also very dangerous on women and especially infants. Lastly, I also learned
that other than AIDS and HIV there are also many sexually transmitted diseases in
humans. These diseases includes the following: chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis,
chancroid, and many more.
Application:
For my own opinion, the sudden rise of people being affected by this disease is I
think because of us humans being overly liberated. Improvement is good, but too
much improvement blinds us humans to not able to see the reality right in front of us.
Many lives will get affected which means many will suffer. For example, if a person
will get infected of HIV because of unprotected sex, that particular person will suffer
for the rest of his lives because this illness does not have any cure yet. What’s more
deadly is that he will only experience the symptoms of being HIV positive, if and only
if, he reaches the average age of 30. So what’s more dangerous is that if that person
will get to have a family and he doesn’t know that he is already positive to HIV, this
will likely result to his wife and child being HIV positive also. And because of this,
they will live a life far on being normal.

4. Salient Point: The Material Self by William James
Insights:
In this chapter, we were being introduced to a Harvard psychologist named William
James. William James come up with a theory about the four constituents of the self, namely the
material self, the social self, spiritual self, and the pure ego. But on my salient point, the main
topic that I was strucked the most during the discussion was in the material self. And
according to James, the material self is primarily about our bodies, clothes, immediate family,
and home. William James believed that this components of the material self can be somewhat
a reflection to our whole self. He even stated that clothing is also a part of our self-expression.
We choose and wear the clothes that reflect our self.
Application:
This topic is very much relatable not only for the teenagers but also for all ages. All the
components being mentioned by William James are indeed very necessary for us humans
in order for us to attain a normal kind of living. Just like for example clothes, we can survive
without clothes but as what I said we cannot live a normal life. Having an immediate family
and a home does not only make us very comfortable, but at the same time, it also makes us
alive to the eyes of the society and make us normal. For example, if a person wears fancy
clothing and lives in a well-rounded house you might say that person is having a wealthy
living without even knowing how that person truly lives. You conclude that to yourself
because you reflect it based on his/her physical appearance. In other words, how we look
can somewhat define our self whether if it is true or not.

5. Salient Point: The World of Religious Beliefs and Practices
Insights:
In this lesson, I have learned the different beliefs and
practices of every religion. Every religion in the world has
different ways in worshipping their God. But it doesn’t mean
that one religion is greater than the other because it has
more religious practices. Other than that, I also learned in
this lesson the different Gods in each religion on where they
are going to worship and also the festivals. And most
importantly, the different behaviors and the different
thinking of the people on that particular religion. The
reason behind this immense diversity of beliefs and
practices is because they have different norms and values to
follow. This norms are what guides them to do the things
they believe is right in order to fulfill their duty that for
them can make their lives proper according to the will of
their God. In that way, they are already paying an
accountable respect to all the values that are being passed
down for a long period of time.
Application:
When we talk about religion, we can already think of the
different beliefs and practices. But these differences should not be a
hindrance for us to work us one system. Because for me, what
matters most is the respect that each and every one of us must give
to all people without thinking what religion he/she belongs. For
example, a Muslim is praying, and we all know how unlikely
Muslims pray compared to us Christians. So if we see this instance,
some might laugh at the Muslim and some might have fun with it
which is totally wrong. What we should do is to show respect on
what the Muslim is doing. And by simply not laughing to the
Muslim, is already a good action which shows that you understand
the importance of supporting diversity. Because no matter what our
religion is, this doesn’t change the fact that we are all the same.

6. Salient Point: Types of Metacognitive Learners
Insights:
This lesson teaches us the 4 types of
metacognitive learners. These learners are the
tacit, aware, strategic, and reflective learners.
These learners have different way or scopes in
understanding a particular topic or lesson. I have
learned that in tacit, this refers to the learners that
are unaware of their metacognitive processes but
they already know the extent of their knowledge.
The second one are the aware learners on which
they know some of their metacognitive strategies
but they do not plan on how to use these
strategies. Next are the strategic learners, on which
they strategize and plan their course of action
toward a particular learning experience. And lastly,
the reflective learners. These learners use their
strategies and adapt their metacognitive skills
depending on their situation. And all of these
things are for one goal, and that is to make the
students to be self-regulated learners.
Application:
This lesson is very much important
especially for us who aims to become future
educators in the near future. This gives us
additional knowledge that we can use in order
for us to teach properly our future students.
Just like for example if I am already an
educator, I must always bear in mind that I
have different students to teach with different
levels of thinking and behavior. So the best
thing to do in order for me to accomplish my
task is to first understand my students. By
doing so, I can have an idea on what must be
the proper action to do in order for all of them
to learn using their different metacognitive
skills. And with this action, I can inculcate to
my students the appropriate knowledge that
they can use in order for them to develop and
become self-regulated learners.