This PPT describes about railway track security system on gsm based security system, to detect a crack, if any, on the railway track and alert the respective railway department. This project uses a microcontroller from 8051 family. Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well. http://www.edgefxkits.com/ Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals. Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.

1. Railway Track Security By GSM With
User Programmable Number Features

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Introduction:
 In the current railway systems, it is becoming ever more necessary to
have safety elements in order to avoid accidents.
 In recent years, with the development of high-speed railway, speed and
capability of the trains constantly improved, and traffic density gets
more and more dangerous.
 The solution is a comprehensive gsm based train tracking system,
which provides accurate, dependable and timely information to the
controller.
 It will help railways to be in a secure position, and it always be needful
for security purpose of our indian railway system.
Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Description:
 Railway Track Security by GSM helps to detect a crack if any, on the
railway track and alert the respective railway department.
 We can avoid rail accidents by using the latest communication
technologies.
 In this GSM communication protocols are used to convey the message of
crack detection via SMS.
 This project uses a microcontroller from 8051 family.
 The primary objective of this project is to detect the crack in the railway
track and alert the nearby station through efficient and highly reliable
communication mode.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Block Diagram:

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Working:
 Two rails forming the part of a track are made using a pair of wire,
connected with a detachable jumper in between each wire/track.
 Removing the detachable jumper creates a fault in the respective path;
otherwise it is shorted by the jumper wire to stimulate healthy track
condition.
 Removing the jumpers result in driving transistors delivering a different
logic to the controller.
 The program after that takes over to send an sms through gsm modem
interfaced through a level shifter ic to the microcontroller.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
 An LCD will be interfaced with the MC in order to display the status of
GSM and track condition.
 Thus, the proposed model is designed to recognize the cracks in the
railway tracks and provides instant information to the concerned railway
authorities.
 The power supply consists of a step-down transformer 230/12v, which
steps down the voltage to 12v ac. It is converted to DC using a bridge
rectifier.
 The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter, and it is then regulated
to +5v using a voltage regulator 780s that will be required for the
operation of the microcontroller and other components.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Hardware Requirements:
 Transformer
 Diode
 Rectifier
 8051 series microcontroller
 Gsm modem
 Level shifter ic

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Software Requirements:
 Kiel compiler
 Languages: Embedded c and or assembly

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Power Supply:
 There are many types of power supply. Most of them are designed to
convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply
for electronics circuits and other devices.
 A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of
which performs a particular function

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Transformer:
 Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to another with
little loss of power. Transformers work only with AC, and this is one of
the reasons why mains electricity is AC.
 Step-up transformers increase the voltage, step-down transformers reduce
the voltage. Most power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce
the dangerously high mains voltage (230V in UK) to a safer low voltage.
 Transformers waste very little power, so the output power will be equal to
the input. Note that as the voltage decreases the current increases.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Rectifier:
 There are several ways of connecting diodes to make a rectifier convert
AC to DC. The bridge rectifier is the most important, and it produces
full-wave varying DC.
 A full-wave rectifier is made from two diodes using center tap
transformer. But this method is rarely used now because of diodes cheap
availability.
 A single diode can be used as a rectifier, but it only uses the positive (+)
parts of the ac wave to produce half-wave varying dc.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Gsm Communication:
 The term GSM usually means the GSM standard and protocols in the
frequency spectrum around 900MHz.
Mobile Station:
 The MS is the physical equipment used by a subscriber, most often a
normal hand-held cellular telephone.
Base Transceiver Station:
 The BTS comprises the radio transmission and reception devices, and
also manages the signal processing related to the air interface.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Gsm Modem:
 A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card
and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a cell
phone.
 From the mobile operator perspective, a gsm modem looks just like a
mobile phone.
 When a gsm modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer
to use the gsm modem to communicate over the mobile network.
 While these gsm modems are most frequently used to provide mobile
internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and
receiving sms and mms messages.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Gsm Modem:

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
MAX 232:
 The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an rs-
232serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic
circuits.
 The max232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the rx, tx, cts
and rts signals.
 When an max232 ic receives a ttl level to turn, it changes a ttl logic 0 to
between +3 and +15v, and changes ttl logic 1 to between -3 to -15v and
vice versa for converting from rs232 to ttl.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
MAX232:

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Db9 Connector:
 The DB9 (Originally DE-9) Connector Is An Analog 9-pin Plug Of The
D-sub Miniature Connector Family (D-sub Or Sub-d).

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Advantages :
 Accident can be avoided by taking immediate response.
 Immediately the cracked information delivered globally to consultants.
Disadvantages:
 Memory is versatile, phone number stored in the RAM of µC.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Conclusion:
 Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number
Features project discusses the critical safety techniques for high-speed
train operation environment based on the train control system.
 In order to ensure safe operation of trains, we propose a wireless network
access framework according to the monitoring network of surrounding
environment and the deployment of transition system to avoid collision of
trains and obstacle detection.
 System has ability to pinpoint the location and other attributes of an
operational train in an economical, accurate manner.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With
User Programmable Number Features
Future Scope:
 The system sets an example on how to use a wireless network efficiently
for Railway Track Crack detection. This technology is helpful for
domestic purpose and can be useful for commercial places with the future
vision.
 Instead of the manual method of crack detection a more advanced
accelerometer sensor are compatible technology can be used.

21. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Railway Track Security by GSM With User
Programmable Number Features