Critical Review Kepariwisataan Nasional 2012 ( Pendekatan Keilmuan ) Prof. Dr. Ir. Chafid Fandeli, MS ( Ketua Badan Penasehat Puspar UGM ) Thursday, November 22, 2012 Main Meeting Room UGM Center for Tourism Studies Note : Some important things that could be discussed 1.Product better determine the success of a tourism destination 2.Economy factor will drive change values 3.A standardization not to eliminate the Authenticity Locality Uniqueness and Beauty

1. Oleh
Prof. Dr. Ir. Chafid Fandeli, MS
( Ketua Badan Penasehat Puspar UGM )

2. Latar Belakang
1. Kebijakan suatu pembangunan (termasuk
pembangunan kepariwisataan) harus didorong agar
berkembang secara dinamis.
2. Dinamika akan muncul bila ada koreksi atau kritik.
3. Kritik justru alan menjadi pendorong yang kuat bila
dilakukan dengan landasan ilmiah (sifatnya obyektif,
universal, dan tidak memihak).

3. Fungsi Kepariwisataan
( UU No 10 Tahun 2009 )
1) Memenuhi kebutuhan wisatawan akan : Jasmani,
rohani dan intelektual.
2) Rekreasi dan Perjalanan.
3) Meningkatkan Pendapatan Negara untuk
mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
(4) Memajukan Kebudayaan ?
Didahulukan

4. Pemerintah Berwenang
Membuat Badan Promosi Pariwisata
1) Kurang ayat atau pasal yang mengatur koordinasi antar
daerah, berkait dengan mendorong kerjasama antar
daerah. Sebab hakekat pariwisata itu borderless.
2) Peran badan Promosi sangat strategis.
3) Badan Promosi Pariwisata. Terlalu banyak melebihi
kapasitas dan kemampuaannya.

5. Pelatihan SDM, Standarisasi dan
Sertifikasi dan Tenaga kerja
1) Kewajiban Pemerintah menyelenggarakan Pelatihan
SDM Pariwisata,
2) Standarisasi dan Sertifikasi (Dalam Hal apa?
3) Produk, Pelayanan,dan PengelolaanUsaha Pariwisata
Memiliki Standar Usaha (yang Bagaimana ?
Menghilangkan Otentisitas dan keunikan .

6. Bagaimana Dengan Ketentuan
Ketentuan Produk dan Pasar
 Tidak
Diatur Secara Spesifik
 (Benarkah ?)

7. ISSUES AND PARADIGM IN GLOBAL
PERFORMANCE OF TOURISM
1 New destinations growing, to the entire
countries especially in remote & border areas
and small islands
2 Some strategic regions have been developed
become new tourism destinations
3 Special interest tourism and ecotourism
replace mass tourism gradually
4 World cultural and natural heritages are
developing to be primary destination

8. Prof. Santos, Ahli Geologi Brazilia (2009),
Buku Best Seller
The Lost Continent Have Been Found (Continent tersebut
adalah Nusantara).
 Menurut Aristoteles , Pernah ada kebudayaan yang hidup
di bumi adalah Budaya Atlantis , diduga adalah Bangsa
Yang Mendiami, Nusantara.
 Alquran, Surat Syamsi, ayat 11, Ada bangsa yang punya
budaya tinggi Bangsa Stamud yang pernah ada (Jaya) dan
hilang.
 Pernah ada mega tsunami yang terjadi di Nusantara
sehingga tercerai berai menjadi 18.000 pulau besar & kecil.

9. TOURISM DESTINATION
IN
Several Prespective Marine & Small
Islands Tourism
Destination
BUNAKEN
HEART OF
Ria ampat &
Halmahera
in
an
BORNEO
W Ambon,B
HO
ktb BNDA anda P
Aru,Tinimbar
BRB B
L KM
l
i

10. Tourism Business Depends on Aspects
Economy Creativity
Technology
Climate change
Life Expectancy
Globalization Effect of Factors
In Future Tourism
Next Employment
Sciences
Future Expectancy
US & Chine
Individual Based.

11. The Factors Influencing Changing in Policy Tourism
Development
Key Factors Which Influenzing
Changing in Factors
New Reality in Tourism Business
(1) Globalization,
(2) Capital Markets and (1) Market are Volatile,
Free Movement of Money, (2) Government are
(3)Technology and Communication, Redefining its Role,
(3)New Expectation of Business,
(4)Intelectual Capital, (4)Customers and Public are Acting,
(5) Environmental Awareness (5) Employees are Acting,
(6)Competation is Increasing

12. Global Tourist Prediction
Year 1999 Year 2010 Year 2020
(Tourists) ( Tourists) (Tourists)
1. Global 663 mill • Global • Global
tourists 1 bill tourists 1. 6 bill tourists
2. Expenditure US $ • Expenditure • Expenditure
453 bill US $ 683 bill US $ 1.093 bill
3. Employment 200 mill • Employment • Employment
or 10 % from total
employment 301 mill or 12 % from 481mill or 19 % from
total employment total employment.

13. TOURISM IN EAST ASIA PASIFIC REGION
(UNWTO IN VELLAS, 2007)
East Asia International
% Worldwide
Pacific Tourists
Year 2000 112 millions 16.0 %
Year 2010 195 millions 19.4 %
year 2020 397 millions 25.5 %

14. Indonesian Tourism Challenging
 Marketing competition (marketing
mixed+peddling, partnership, collaborative,
segmented strategy)
 Tourism management (thematic tourism
development and synergy among destinations)
 Tourism planning (national, province, district, cross
border, strategic destination)
 Tourism product development should reach to
suitable market
 Distribution of tourists and spill over tourists.
 Environment (carrying capacity, sustainable for
certain activities)
 Investment (priority to local community, local,
regional, national, and multi national corporate)

15. Blue Ocean Strategy Product (Special Interest ),
Copycat Strategy Product(Mass Tourism)
 Copycat = Menjiplak .
 Inovasi >< Copycat
Menjiplak tidak hanya lebih banyak
terjadi dari pada inovasi, tetapi
justru merupakan jalan yang jauh
lebih lazim menuju pertumbuhan
dan keuntungan bisnis (Theodore
Levitt, 1966).

16. Motivasi Pengembangan Bisnis Pariwisata
(1) Gunakan Prinsip Kaizen - Teian
Kaizen, berarti perbaikan terus menerus.
Teian artinya Sistem.
(2) Benchmarking, artinya role modeling, ada
4 langkah :
Smart (Specific, Measurable, Achievable,
Reasonable, Time Limit),
Find model,
Observe what the model does, do it to get the
better model until you get what you want.

17. Immitation + Innovation =
Imovation
 Imovator = Imitator and Innovator ( Pencipta
sekaligus copycat).
 Imovator , membuat keputusan dengan
sengaja tentang kapan melakukan
inovasi dan kapan berupaya membuat
produk yang sama dan malah melebihi
dari yang dijiplak.

18. Blues Ocean Strategy Development Should Be Done As New Strategy
In Marine , Ecotourism , Culture In Remote Tourism Business
 Creation the only product : specific ,
scare & importance feature.
 Company has to have ability in
technology leveraging. and innovate of
varies packages
 Products or services from Marine
,Ecosystem , Culture creating the others
competitors have no offered yet.
 Marine develop in specific ecosystem
and culture synergized for the only be
representativeness of ecotype.

19. Managing of Fragile Marine Ecosystem For Ecotourism For Privatization
Should Utilized “The Law of Globalization”
A. The law of globalization,
(1) The Big eats the Small.
(2) The Fast eats the Slow.
(3) The Networked defeats the
Individual system.
B. Local Wisdom or Local Intelligence
as Competitive Factor.
C. Techno-Ethnic (based on local
wisdom) develop to be the New
Branding

20. Bentuk Pengelolaan
Pilihan Berbagai Model
Pengelolaan / Pengusahaan
(DMO = Model Banyak
macamnya, cari yang terbaik ?)

21. The Harmonized Stake Holders In A Company
Employees
(Human capital)
Customers
Shareholders (revenues,royalty)
(Capitals)
Company
Business Partners
(Supply,add value Government
to and buy Community (Regulating)
Products) (civic society
ensures the health
status in the community
& consequently all markets)

22. Private Kesejahteraan
Investastment
Pajak
Perusahaan
Environment
Otoritas State
Akses Ke Masy

23. Advantages of Privatization
(1) Save tax payers money.
(2) Increase flexibility,
(3) Improve service quality,
(4) Increase efficiency and
innovation,
(5) Allow policy makers to steer,
(6) Stream line and down size
government,
(7) Improve maintenance

24. Option In Transfer of Land Ownership
1. State Company
2. Co-Management ( Community based Tourism
Areas Management).
3. Partnership
4. Public-public partnerships
5. Public-private for non profit partnership
6. Public- private for profit partnership.
7. Lease.

25. Resources, Technology And Privatization
Private/Capital
Co-managemet or
Profit
Partnership
Goods,Services,Knowle
dge,Benefeciaries,
Social welfare,
Conserv.creativity,Inov
ation in managmnt Conservation
State/Equity

26. Option Tourism Management
• Limits of Acceptable Change Management ( LAC).
• Visitor Impact Management ( VIM ).
• Visitor Experience and Resources Protection
Management ( VERP).
• Visitor Activity Management Process (VAMP).
• The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS).
• Tourism Optimization Model ( TOMM).

27. INDICATOR GOOD PERFORMENCE OF TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT
1) Tourist ( Total, Length of Stay, Repeating, and Growth).
2) Tourist Expenditure (Total , Multiplier Effect, Distribution for Stake Holders)
3) Local Economic ( Strengthening and Growth)
4) Local Investment (High portion role of investment)
5) Employment ( Local employ in high percentage)
6) Partnership and Collaboration Management ( State , Corporate, Small and Medium
Scale Local Corporation)
7) Allianz Managing for several destination,
8) Growth of New Destination and Artificial /Man Made Attraction( Villages, Marine and
Forest).

28. Carrying Capacity (CC),Discomfortability Index( DI)
and Environmental Quality Standard(EQS) in
Managing of Destination
(1)CC , maximum number of tourist in destination (area, district,
resort) in certain time and space. There are several carrying
capacity :
a. PCC ( Physical Carrying Capacity).
b. RCC ( Real Carrying Capacity).
c. ECC ( Effective Carrying Capacity).
CC can be used control of disturbance of area.
(2) DI , situation in tourism area depends on temperature
and relative humidity. DI can be utilized for managing
length of stay and satisfaction.
(3) EQS , condition of area in relation with condition of quality
and tourist satisfaction.

29. Private Company and Community
Participation for Tourism Collaboration
1. Accommodation and restaurant
2. Local transportation
3. Souvenir
4. Promotion and advertence
5. Local product
6. Services
7.Guide
8. Tourism Resort ( Investment )

30. THANK YOU
VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION