12. .1
المبنى توجيه
Building orientation
.2
المبنى موقع
Building site
.3
المبنى وشكل كتلة
Form of the building
.4
األخضر والغطاء النباتات
Plants
.5
الفتحات
المعمارية
Openings
المعماري الشكل على المناخ تأثير
:
Effect of Climate on Architectural Form
13. .1
المبنى توجيه
Building orientation
المبنى بتوجيه والمقصود
:
1
.
عام بشكل العمراني النسيج ضمن المباني تجمعات توجيه
.
2
.
المباني هذه تجمعات ضمن وموقعه الواحد المبنى توجيه
.
Orientation emphasis changes with latitude in response to solar
angles
17. Keeping the building one level allows for easy ventilation,
windows are placed up high in areas that need hot air filtered
out (kitchen) and large retractable walls completely open the
house to nature, breezes and sunlight.
22. 3
.
كتلة
وشكل
المبنى
Formofthebuilding
باردة منطقة
معتدلة منطقة
جافة حارة
رطبة حارة
المختلفة المناخية المناطق في للمباني األنسب الشكل
The preferred length of the sides of
the building, where the sides are of
length x:y, are:
tropical zone - 1:3
arid zone - 1:2
temperate zone 1: 1.6
cool zone - 1:1
The optimum building form for each climatic zone.
الساقطة الظالل كمية على المبنى شكل تأثير
23. Zone Building's main orientations
Directional
emphasis
Tropical On an axis 5o north of east north-south
Arid On an axis 25o north of east south-east
Temperate On an axis 18o north of east south-south-east
Cool On an axis facing south facing south
25. Use of atrium الداخلي الفناء
1. in the tropical zone the atrium should be located so as to provide
ventilation within the built form.
2. In the arid zone the atrium should be located at the centre of the
building for cooling and shading purposes.
3. For the cool and temperate zones the atrium should be at the
centre of the building form for heat and light.
31. Wind direction
Desirable and undesirable
winds in each the climatic
zones depend largely on local
conditions.
Any breeze in (tropical and
arid climates) is useful for
most of the year whereas in
higher latitudes most wind
has to be screened.
32. Cross ventilation
1. for the tropical zones as
much ventilation as possible
is desired.
2. For the arid zone cross
ventilation is required, but
care has to be taken to filter
out high-velocity winds.
3. In the temperate zone, cross
ventilation and shielding are
both necessary (for summer
and winter, respectively).
4. In the cool region, the
building should be protected
from cold, high-velocity
winds, although cross
ventilation is still required.