The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) project in Darmstadt, Germany is progressing well with construction of accelerators and civil works. FAIR will provide unique beams of antiprotons, ions, and rare isotopes for research in nuclear physics, astrophysics, plasma physics, and applied sciences. Four major international collaborations will perform experiments at FAIR to study quantum chromodynamics, the origin of elements in the universe, and neutron star mergers. Computing and data challenges are significant due to very high data rates, and FAIR hopes to benefit from technologies developed in the European Open Science Cloud project.

1. Jürgen Eschke
GSI & FAIR GmbH
ESCAPE kick off meeting, Annecy, 07 Feb 2019
Status of FAIR
- challenges in data processing
in the context of EOSC and the FAIR principles
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)
(under construction in Darmstadt, Germany)
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019

2. Facility for Antiproton & Ion Research
SIS18
HESR
CR
Compressed
Baryonic Matter
Super Fragment-Separator:
Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics
Anti-Proton
Physics
p-Linac
• 1012/s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238U28+
• 1010/s 238U92+ up to 11 (35) GeV/u
• 3x1013/s 30 (90) GeV protons
• radioactive beams up to
1.5 - 2 GeV/u;
• 1011 antiprotons 1.5 - 15 GeV/c
Primary Beams
Secondary Beams
Technical Challenges
• rapid cycling superconducting magnets
• dynamical vacuum 100 m
FAIR phase 1
FAIR phase 2
SIS100/300
2

3. FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH
3
 International Accelerator Facility
with 9+1 Shareholder countries
 ESFRI Landmark
 Top priority for European
Nuclear Physics Community
FAIR: Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
– A World-Wide Unique Accelerator Facility
SwedenFrance IndiaFinland Germany Poland Romania Russia Slovenia UK 3FAIR Status, P. Giubellino, 8th RRBs, 26 Nov 2018

4. FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 4
October 2018
Status of FAIR Project: Civil Construction
Progress since official start on 4th of July 2017
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019
Total area > 200 000 m2
Area buildings ~ 98 000 m2
Usable area ~ 135 000 m2
Volume of buildings ~ 1 049 000 m3
Substructure:~ 1500 pillars, up to 65 m deep
3.2 km beamlines

5. FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH
Status of FAIR Project: Civil Construction
5
Upgraded SIS18 completed ready for FAIR and FAIR phase 0
Excavation SIS100 tunnel
Concrete shell works for SIS100
Excavation transfer building & CBM cave
construction timeline:
• civil construction completed in 2023
• installation of accelerators and
experiments 2022 - 2024
• start of pilot beams in 2025
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019

6. FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 6
 Serial production for major components for SIS 100 is progressing
with one third of the dipole magnets already manufactured.
SIS100 Dipole Magnets Cryo Catcher
Quadrupole UnitBunch Compressor
Cryo-Bypass Line
RF Cavity System
Status of FAIR: accelerators:
construction / procurement progresses well
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019

7. FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH
Facility for Antiproton & Ion Research
SIS18
HESR
CR
100 m
p-Linac
FAIR phase 1
FAIR phase 2
SIS100/300
Anti-Proton
Physics
Experimental programs:
APPA: Atomic & Plasma Physics & Applications
 Highly charged atoms
 Plasma physics
 Radiobiology
 Material science
CBM: Nucleus-nucleus collisions
 Nuclear matter at neutron
star core densities
 Phase transitions from
hadrons to quarks
NUSTAR: Rare Isotope beams
 Nuclear structure far off stability
 Nucleosynthesis in stars and supernovae
PANDA: Antiproton-proton collisions:
 Charmed hadrons (XYZ)
 Gluonic matter and hybrids
 Hadron structure
 Double Lambda hypernuclei
Compressed
Baryonic
Matter
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019
Super Fragment-
Separator:
Nuclear Structure
and Astrophysics
77

8. NUSTAR Collaboration: 180 institutes
> 700 members
FAIR Collaborations
more than 2500 scientist from ~200 institutions in over 50 countries
PANDA Collaboration: 69 institutions,
~530 members
SPARC Collaboration:
20 institutions, ~400 members
CBM Collaboration: 56 institutions,
>460 members
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019 8

9. 9
Nuclear astrophysics: The origin of elements
rp-, p- process:
Synthesis of nuclei with masses close to and
beyond the proton dripline in binary systems of a
sun and a neutron star
r- (rapid) process:
Synthesis of very neutron-rich
instable nuclei via rapid capture
of neutrons in neutron star
mergers
X-ray binary
s- (slow) process:
Synthesis of heavy nuclei via
slow neutron capture in very
massive stars
Measurements in the laboratory: Mass, lifetime, decay channels, structure of
very rare instable (neutron or proton rich) nuclei
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019

10. FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH
NUSTAR
- Origin of Elements in the Universe
10November 21st, 2018The Experiments: Key Technologies of FAIR and GSI 10
„Nucleosynthesis sites“ in the universe
ILIMA, EXL at CR
and at ESR, HESR, Cryring
R3B
SFRS
production
target
SIS
100
„Nucleosynthesis sites” at FAIR
Nova
Type I Supernova
Neutron Star Merger
Sun
Type II Supernova
10

11. Astrophysical site of heavy element production
(r process) in the universe: Neutron star merger !
Sun
A. Bauswein
Gravitational
Wave Signal
Electromagnetic
“Kilonova” Signal
Neutron star merger
Metzer, Martinez-Pinedo,
Arcones et al. (2010)
Copyright: Dana Berry, SkyWorks Digital, Inc
Astrophys. J. 848, L17 (2017)
 Electromagnetic “Kilonova” signal due to “r process” in neutron star
merger theoretically predicted by GSI scientists in 2010.
 Confirmation by recent astronomical observations after gravitational
wave detection from GW170817 (August 2017).
 Source of heavy elements including gold, platinum and uranium.
11

12. Courtesy of K. Fukushima & T. Hatsuda
Exploring the QCD phase diagram
At high baryon density:
 N of baryons  N of antibaryons
Densities like in neutron star cores
 L-QCD not (yet) applicable
 Models predict first order phase transition
with mixed or exotic phases
 Experiments: BES at RHIC, NA61 at CERN SPS,
CBM at FAIR, NICA at JINR, J-PARC

13. 13
Neutron star mergers and heavy-ion collisions
M. Hanauske et al.,
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
878 012031
n-star merger
Au +Au
1.5A GeV
density temperature
EOS

14. FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH
CBM - Compressed Baryonic Matter
14
CBM Experiment at FAIR: Systematically explore QCD matter at large baryon
densities with high accuracy and rare probes, at highest interaction rates
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019

15. CBM - Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR
Experimental requirements:
• 105 - 107 Au+Au reactions/sec
 peak data flow 1 TByte/sec
• determination of displaced vertices (σ ~ 50m)
• identification of leptons and hadrons
• fast and radiation hard detectors and FEE
• free-streaming readout electronics
• high speed data acquisition and high performance
computer farm for online event selection
• 4-D event reconstruction
 typical collision system: Au + Au at 4 to 11 AGeV at SIS100
 Day 1: beam intensity: 5x107 ions/sec; interaction rate 0.5 MHz
 MSV: beam intensity: 109 ions/sec; interaction rate 10 MHz
15
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019

16. CBM DAQ and online event selection
GSI Green IT Cube
Novel readout system:
 no hardware trigger on events
 detector hits with time stamps
 full online 4-D track and event
reconstruction.
16
First-level
Event
Selector
high rack storage, 100,000 cores
only 5% of total energy
consumption needed for cooling
Hit and track time distribution for Au+Au 10A GeV collisions at 10 MHz (UrQMD)
1 TByte/s Total
Input Data rate
full event reconstr.
107 events/s

17. FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH
Computing – step 1: Experiment requirements
determined
17
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.000
Day-1 MSV
kHEPSPEC06
FAIR Computing Requirements
APPA CBM NUSTAR PANDA 2009 Estimates (Day-1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Day-1 MSV
PetaByte
FAIR Disk Storage Requirements
APPA CBM NUSTAR PANDA 2009 Estimates (Day-1)
Assumptions for resource requirements:
Day-1 and MSV detector setups, nominal accelerator performance,
multi-year integrated values (data lifetime)
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019

18. FAIR Data Center
A common data center for FAIR (Green IT Cube)
6 floors, 4.645 sqm
room for 768 19” racks (2,2m)
4 MW cooling (baseline)
Max cooling power 12 MW
Fully redundant (N+1)
PUE <1.07
GSI Green IT Cube
Dynamically allocated resources
for exclusive usage and limited time
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019 18

19. FAIR status/requirements computing:
• data management
– 2 large experiments with similar requirements as LHC and
several smaller non HEP like experiments targeting many
different areas of research
– a common data management infrastructure has to be
created which fulfills requirements of all experiments.
• software development
– FairRoot is already being used by all FAIR experiments and
additionally by some non FAIR experiments.
– software needs to support continuous data read out and
complex online processing for event selection at high data
rates.
– online and offline processing needs to become faster and
more efficient, also by using new architectures and
algorithms.
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019 19

20. FAIR status/requirements computing:
• data/software access in the context of EOSC
– In order to be able to publish at least parts of the data FAIR
is in the process of developing corresponding MoUs.
– The FAIR analysis software (FairRoot) should be made
accessible via the software and service repository
developed in the context of ESCAPE.
• FAIR paradigm
– the FAIR paradigm is planned to be introduced (at least to
a large extend) for a consistent data management system
which is being developed based to a large extend on
common systems and available technologies. Also a meta
data system under consideration of the DOI/data cite
requirements is under development.
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019 20

21. • FAIR interest in ESCAPE
– ESCAPE takes place right before the official start of
FAIR.
– within ESCAPE essential IT ingredients are being
developed, especially infrastructures for
distributed data management and computing,
which are needed by FAIR.
– FAIR hopes to profit from taking part in ESCAPE by
getting important support and ideas for setting up
their own infrastructure for distributed
computing.
FAIR Status, Jürgen Eschke, ESCAPE Kick Off meeting, 07 Feb 2019 21