An overview of GM-Ideas products and technologies.

1. Integrated Detector Electronics AS
ASICs for particle and gamma
radiation detection
Gunnar Maehlum
General Manager
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2. Integrated Detector Electronics AS
 Founded in 1992 under the name IDE AS as a spin-off from
Norway's high energy physics activities at CERN.
 Merged with Gamma Medica Inc in 2005
 Separated from Gamma Medica Inc in 2013
 World leader in design of gamma ray detector systems.
 Current systems used in medicine, biology, astrophysics
and high energy physics applications.
 Unique digital technology.
 12 employees from 7 different countries, 3 PhDs, 7 master
degrees.
 Located at Fornebu near Oslo.
 Science/space >50% of revenues at present
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3. Product development
• More than 100 different designs of integrated
circuits for high energy, nuclear and
astrophysics research.
• Bioscope Biomolex microarray imager
• uCAM gamma camera
• LumaGEM Molecular Breast Imaging
• Spectroscopic photon counting
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4. ASIC
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5. Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detector module
CZT Detector showing a CZT crystal and electronics boards
Size: 25x25mm
Pixels: 256
Pixel size 1.6x16mm
Power consumption 200mW
A usable detector
consists of the
following parts
1. A detector crystal,
often divided into
pixels
2. An amplifier often
implemented as
multi-channel
devices
3. An interconnect and
package
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6. Data Aquisition
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Data acquisition card used in a gamma camera for medical diagnostics
Developed by GM-Ideas Norway

7. Gamma Camera for medical use
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8. uCAM gamma camera
• Used for imaging
inpre-clinical
research
• State of the art
energy and position
resolution
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9. ASICS for science and research
• A small selection of projects
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10. Belle (KEK, b-factory)

11. ATHENA antihydrogen detector (CERN)
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12. Astrophysics
The SWIFT satellite: We delivered the readout
ASIC for the BAT (Burst Alert Telescope) . The
ASIC is just visible as a square below the
protective covering on the picture to the left.
Launched 2004
The Alpha Magnetic
Spectrometer: We delivered the
ASICs for the readout of the
silicon charged particle tracker.
In total several 10000 channels
of preamplifiers. The
experiment flew on the space
shuttle. The experiment is
visible at the back of the cargo
bay. AMS will be installed at the
ISS in February 2011.
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13. SWIFT
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Observation of gamma ray bursts.
Equipped with optical and x-ray telescope in
addition to the Burst Alert Telesope
CdZnTe and Ideas XA1.2
in orbit November 2004

14. X-rays from a neutron star
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15. Astrophysics and space weather
The PLAsma and SupraThermal Ion
Composition (PLASTIC) experiment on the
STEREO mission.
GM-I delivered ASIC for read out of
detectors of the spectrometer. Launched
2006
SuperAGILE an X-ray monitor of
AGILE, by the Italian Space Agency
(ASI) devoted to observations for
astrophysics in the gamma ray energy
range 30 MeV-50 GeV.
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16. astrophysics
•Astro-H
•JAXA mission. We are
suppling ASICs to two
instruments (of 4):
•Hard x-ray Imaging
System: A combination of
silicon (<30keV) layers and
CdTe (20-80keV)
•Soft Gamma-ray Detector:
CdTe 10-600keV
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17. Modular X- and gamma ray sensor (MXGS) on the
Atmosphere Space Interaction Monitor (ASIM)
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Study x-rays emitted from high altitude phenomena in the atmosphere
Gamma ray spectrometer for the range 20-
400keV using Cadmium Zinc Telluride
detectors.
GM-I delivers detector readout modules to
the University of Bergen that will build the
spectrometer MXGS

18. 6/19/2013 18
Modular X- and gamma ray sensor (MXGS)
Slide courtesy of
University of Bergen

19. 19
CZT Detector array• 100 modules
• a total of 25600 pixels
• Pixels 2.5x2.5mm
• Space qualified R/O system designed by the
University of Bergen
• To be attached to the Columbus module on the
International Space Station
Slide courtesy of
University of Bergen
6/19/2013

20. • Company established with The
Norwegian Radium Hospital and
private investors
• Technology: double sided silicon
microstrip detectors
• Applications:
– Real Time Digital Autoradiography
– Radionuclides Imaging and
Quantification
– Kinase Micro-Arrays
– Tissue Sections
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imaged slide of near whole-body
sections of a mouse injected
with an alpha particle emitter
radionuclide. The image is
26mm tall.

21. Spectral photon counting
• Problem: all X-ray images are black & white
• X-rays attenuation depends on photon energy
• Added information when the energy of each
photon is recorded
• Challenge: very high photon flux 10E8/mm/s
• Applications in medical imaging, materials
sorting, recycling etc.
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22. Spectral X-ray Counting Detector
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X-ray Line Camera
Modules: CdTe + ASICs
Wang et al. (2009), Proc. IEEE NSS

23. Polaris
• Co-development with the University of
Michigan, dept. Of Nuclear engineering, Prof.
Z. He
• Directional gamma camera based on Compton
scattering
• Measure both time, energy and position of
coloumb scattered gamma rays.
• Unsurpassed energy resolution for room
temperature detectors
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24. Polaris, a Compton imaging spectrometer
Co-developed by the University of
Michigan and GM-Ideas Norway
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25. 6/19/2013 25
Compton imaging spectrometer
 Developed in cooperation
with the University of
Michigan groundbreaking
ASICs for combined
spectroscopy and
directional sensitivity
 Close to 4pi sensitivity
 Detect location and energy
of sources with activity 10%
above background
 Better than 1% energy
resolution at 663keV
 Visible light image overlay

26. Some results
• Gamma ray spectroscopy
• Radiation tolerance
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27. Radiation Spectroscopy
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28. Test results – Energy Spectroscopy (1)
VATA450 (low power)
JAXA / KIPAC [Watanabe et al., Vertex 2009] Data taken by JAXA / KIPAC
VA32TA6 VATA450

29. Test results – Energy Spectroscopy (2)
VATA451 (low noise)
Noise (ENC)
VATA450 59 +14 e/pF
VATA451 27 +6.6 e/pF
VATA460 179 +16 e/pF
VATA461 34 + 5.5 e/pF
JAXA / KIPAC [Saito et al.,, SPIE 2010]
ASIC measurements, by GM-I

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Test results (3)
VATA460 (HDR)
Threshold of Noise
Energy Resolution
(FWHM)
Energy measurement Thresh-hold
Energy[keV]
Temperature[degree]
Measurements performed by Takashima et al, JAXA.

31. 6/19/2013 31
Test results (4)
VATA460 (HDR)
Energy Resolution (FWHM)
Under CC-on
Energy Resolution (FWHM)
under CC-off
Noise level under CC-off
Noise level under CC-on
Temperature[degree]
Energy[keV]
Measurements performed by Takashima et al, JAXA.

32. Radiation Tolerance and Latch-up
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Reference: H.Aihara, M. Hazumi, H. Ishino, J. Kaneko, Y. Li, D.
Marlow, S. Mikkelsen, D. Nguyen, E. Nygaard, H. Tajima, J. Talebi,
G. Vamer, H. Yamamoto, and M. Yokoyama, ”Development of
Front-end Electronics for Belle SVD Upgrades”, IEEE, Proc. Nucl.
Sci. Symp. Conf. Rec. 2000, Vol. 2, 9/213 – 9/216.
The most sensitive structures have
been tested for radiation tolerance
ASIC fabricated in 0.35um CMOS
process with epitaxial layer.
ASIC fabrication process has been
choosen for good radiation
tolerance and latch-up immunity.
Initial SEL tests have been performed,
and the design has passed these.

33. 6/19/2013 33
Radiation test of VATA460
Radiation test by 6MeV/n He.
Measurements performed by Takashima et al, JAXA.
Gain Noise

34. What we can offer our customers:
• Advantage: GM-Ideas ASIC were already used
at Athena.
• Proven track record of deliveries to scientific
customers.
• Internal quality system that is ‘space qualified’
• Predictable delivery times due to own
managed multi-project wafers.
• Established internal program to develop ASICs
for cryogenic operation (infrared applications)
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35. How to work with us
1. Develop a requirement specification. This can be a
collaborative effort to optimize cost/requirement
tradeoff
2. Define test and acceptance criteria
3. Based on 1 & 2 We issue a quote
4. Place order
5. Receive ASIC and perform reception control
6. Build and run you experiment/observatory.
1-5 can be performed in as little as 4 months, 6 to 10
more more typical complex designs
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36. GM-I ASIC families
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37. VA ASICs
spectroscpy
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38. TA ASICs
Triggering
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39. VATA ASICs
Self-triggering spectroscopy
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40. Va-Ta architecture
vss
Slow-
shaper
Fast-shaper
S/H
Discriminator Mono-
stable
In
ThresholdExt. S/H
VA
TA
Serial Analog
Out
Trigger
Out
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41. VA-TA timing diagram
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Preamp
”Slow” Shaper
”Fast” Shaper
Trigger

42. XA ASICs
Self-triggering spectroscopy
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43. Xa architecture
holdb
ctout
aout
trig-delay
in
HP-F
Reset
DLT
Channel disable-
registerthresh
DAC
ff
ff
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44. CA ASICs
counting mode
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45. CA Counting ASIC
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● 50 ns shaping time, adjustable
● 1.5 Mcps count rate
● 20 keV lowest threshold
● 300 keV dynamic range
● 5 thresholds/windows
● 7 mW/channel
● 32 channel ASIC available
●.. any custom design possible

46. VAI ASICs
current integrating
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47. Pixel ASICs
all architectures possible
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48. Pipeline ASICs
Oscilloscope mode ASIC
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49. • Any combinations possible
• Back end protocols:
– Asynchrounous data-driven
– Synchronous
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50. Thank you
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