By Ashok Thanikonda, Sumedha Malaviya, Deepak Krishnan - WRI India

1. A product of WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities
#UnlockBL
R
ASHOK THANIKONDA, SUMEDHA MALAVIYA AND DEEPAK SRIRAM KRISHNAN
CLEAN ENERGY
Sustainable Practices for Integrated Townships

2. #UnlockBL
DOMESTIC CONSUMERS ARE THE DRIVER FOR
GROWTH
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Annual Energy Demand Growth between 2013-2021 in BMAZ/BESCOM (Million KWhr)
Commercial Industrial WaterSupply Hospitals & Education Domestic
In 2016, BESCOM got 74% of its electricity from thermal power sources, 12% from
renewables, 9% from hydro and 5% from other bilateral sources

3. #UnlockBL
GROWTH IS MAINLY CONCENTRATED IN THE
PERIPHERY

4. #UnlockBL
WHAT IS THE IMPACT ON YOUR WALLET?
300
440
590
690
325
470
625
730
735
740
740
0 to 30 KWH
31 to 100 KWH
101 to 200 KWH
201 to 300 KWH
301 to 400 KWH
401 to 500 KWH
Above 500 KWH
INR/kWh
BESCOM TARIFF COMPARISON (PAISE/KWH)
2017-18 2016-17

5. #UnlockBL
WHY WORK WITH THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR?
The challenge
• Residential floor area to escalate by 400-
500% in 2050 from 2012 levels
• GDP growth and increasing affordability
pushing demand for appliances-8 times
increase in residential energy
consumption by 2050 and Increasing
GHG emissions
• Residential energy use data limited to few
empirical studies- absence of standard
methods for data collection
• Limited understanding of how
households consume electricity, variation
as per geography and seasons
The Opportunity
• Understand energy use in residential
buildings, identify specific EE
interventions
• Establishing baselines and benchmarking
energy performance of residential
buildings
• Demand Side Management/Demand
Response for residential sector
• Supply planning by utilities- contribute to
Integrated Resources Planning (IRP)

6. #UnlockBL
CLEAN ENERGY INTERVENTIONS
Energy Efficiency
• Better rated
appliances
• Data collation and
analytics.
• Demand side
management
Renewable Energy
• Rooftop/on-site solar

7. #UnlockBL
KEY POINTS TO CONSIDER FOR RE DISCUSSION
• Significant potential in the segment
– There are close to 6614 BBMP plots (95,793,445 sqft) and 8058
BDA plots (117,170,357 sqft) with roof-area between 10,000-
25,000 sq ft. Assuming 100 sq ft for 1 kW an d a 50% utilization,
BESCOM can gather close to 586 MW capacity
• Changed rooftop solar rules (with net-metering making a
come-back for residential sector)
• What about homes that lack access to a roof? – options like
Virtual net-Metering
• How can real estate developers influence BBMP to commit to
systematic town planning which will help in RE adoption?

8. #UnlockBL
KEY POINTS TO CONSIDER FOR EE DISCUSSION
• Can real estate developers facilitate a
move to super EE appliances?
• How open are RWAs to provide data for
analytics and collaboration on EE
initiatives?

9. #UnlockBL
CommonServices(20%)
ELECTRICITY USE IN APARTMENT COMPLEX
Sources- BEE Design guidelines for energy efficient multistorey residential
buildings for hot and dry and composite climates
Water
pumping
(17%)
Common
lighting
(21%)
Lifts (62%)
Individual Households (80%)
Space cooling (45%) Lighting (28%), Refrigeration (13%) and
others (14%)
River Water Utility
Power Utility

10. #UnlockBL
WHAT ARE WE TRYING TO DO?
1
2
3
1. Reduce aggregate electricity demand from one/more
residential community(ies) through EE interventions
3. Through efficient pumping, reduce water
demand in community(ies) and energy
burden on water utility during distribution
2. Meet portion of reduced demand
through Renewables (mainly solar PV)

11. #UnlockBL
OUR APPROACH
Identify aggregators
Collect baseline data
Identify energy
conservation measures
Implement
Monitoring and
reporting results

12. #UnlockBL
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
• Energy demand reduction- Through EE and RE for aggregator
community(ies)
• Cost-effective EE projects- Potential application of short payback
period EE investments in large gated communities
• Engaged utilities and regulators- Inform and influence DSM
decision making by power utility and regulators

13. #UnlockBL
CommonServices(20%)
STARTING POINT
Water
pumping
(17%)
Common
lighting
(21%)
Lifts (62%)
Individual Households (80%)
Space cooling (45%) Lighting (28%), Refrigeration (13%) and
others (14%)
River Water Utility
Power Utility
We don’t know
- Appliance ownership, type and usage
- Appliance efficiency information
We don’t know
- Power consumption
by common services
- Availability/capacity
for solar
interventions
- Willingness of
communities to
adopt EE and RE
- Economics

14. #UnlockBL
CommonServices(20%)
WHERE WE HOPE TO REACH
Water
pumping
(17%)
Common
lighting
(21%)
Lifts (62%)
Individual Households (80%)
Space cooling (45%) Lighting (28%), Refrigeration (13%) and
others (14%)
River Water Utility
Power Utility
Known:
 Existing efficiency levels
 Behavioural and operational patterns of
appliances
 EE and EC practices
Known:
 Power
consumption by
common services
 Efficiency levels of
appliances and
equipment
 Possibility for
efficiency gains

15. #UnlockBL
ENERGY-WATER NEXUS

16. #UnlockBL
• Gated communities in
Bangalore (>500) rely on
ground water, but have badly
designed WTP and STPs.
Rain Water Harvesting (RWH)
systems are absent or badly
designed at best
• This has cost repercussions
in terms of (1) increased
water demand (2) public
hygiene and health concerns
(3) disposal of partially
treated/ untreated sewage (4)
penalties for non-compliance
with regulationshttp://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/taking-gate-out-of-gated-communities/article7760071.ece
http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/water-security-residents-apartments-gated-communities-bangalore-article-ss-ranganathan

17. #UnlockBL
SUGGESTED MEASURES & GAINS
• All existing houses with area 40 X 60 sq ft and new 30 X 40 sq ft are mandated to install
RWH. Penalty for non-compliance is 25% of water bill till 3 months and 50% afterwards till
RWH is installed
• Reusing treated water and Rain Water Harvesting will reduce the need to source more water
and ensure sustainable supply.
• Common facilities like water pumping and public lighting can be powered by the biogas
based electricity generated by treating the sewage or rooftop solar power. This will save
money and decrease reliance on expensive, polluting Diesel Gensets.
• People in Bangalore need 10 MW for their water pumping Vs BWSSB’s 80 MW*
• Solar water heating is already a success story in Bangalore
• Scale up of RWH across city reduces the supply losses and pumping energy at BWSSB
level

18. #UnlockBL
• What are the challenges that crop up when attempts are being made to develop more sustainable communities?
• With environment becoming one of the top issues in public policy, sustainable practices are needed in all sectors including real
estate development. What is the developer sector response to current policies? Are they enabling or inhibiting?
• How can the business case for sustainable design practices in townships (given this maybe inevitable in the future) be made and
how can the market demand for these be accelerated?
• What policy incentives can be put in place for private developers (for example, the extra FSI presently given for adopting green
practices) for incorporating sustainability measures in mobility, energy, water, etc. Also, what enabling regulations and
investments are needed to adopt these measures?
• How is the business model for a sustainable development strategically different from a regular development? What are the
parameters which govern financial viability and is this achieved at a certain scale?
• Should design to promote sustainable mobility within developments become mandatory? What could be the potential pitfalls of a
regulation like this? In your opinion, what are the benefits and what could incentivize uptake?
• How important are performance measures or level of service (LOS) of accessibility, connectivity, performance quality and usability
of a street or street network to a sustainable real estate development? What are the measures to check whether targets are being
met in terms of energy use and emission reduction?
• Can sustainability and affordability go hand in hand? What is the panel’s view on the potential for the Sustainable Housing
Leadership Consortium set up by IFC with Godrej Properties, Mahindra Lifespace Developers Limited, Shapoorji Pallonji Real
Estate, Tata Housing Development Company, and VBHC Value Homes Private Limited
• Apart from greenfield projects, what are the steps that can be taken up in already constructed projects? Are there resources
available for the resident community to refer and move forward?
• What is the view of developers, residents and other stakeholders in engaging BESCOM and KERC to evolve policies like Virtual
Net Metering or Group Net Metering which could help in the uptake of on-site RE?
• When it comes to home automation and data analytics of energy consumption by appliances ; what are the key concerns in
residents’ minds? – privacy? Cost? What else?
• Is there a method by which carrying capacity of a site can be determined to understand and plan for water demand/supply? Apart
from rainwater harvesting, what other measures can be incorporated in townships to (partially) manage water needs on-site.