Urban Climate Resilience at #CK2017 | Lubaina Rangwala, Lauretta Burke, Katerina Elias-Trostmann, Retno Wihanesta, Praveen Yadav

1. A product of WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities
LUBAINA RANGWALA, LAURETTA BURKE, KATERINA ELIAS-TROSTMANN, RETNO WIHANESTA PRAVEEN YADAV
Building urban resilience to climate change by helping cities
address their climate risks and vulnerabilities
URBAN COMMUNITY
RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT
(UCRA)

2. URBAN POOR COMMUNITIES ARE AT THE
FOREFRONT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
“By 2030, without
efforts to boost urban
resilience, climate
change may push up to
77 million more urban
residents into poverty.”
– World Bank

3. WHY SHOULD WE FOCUS ON COMMUNITIES?
Building climate
resilience, particularly
in slum communities,
requires an
understanding of
residents’ needs,
resources and
capabilities.

4. FOUR REASONS TO FOCUS ON INDIVIDUAL
RESILIENCE
#1 Individual citizens are key multipliers
#2 First to be impacted, first to react
#3 Best local knowledge
#4 A city is only as resilient as its weakest link

5. URBAN COMMUNITY RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT
What is the UCRA?
• The Urban Community Resilience Assessment (UCRA) helps cities
incorporate individual and community capacities, into broader urban
resilience evaluations.
• The UCRA provides a snapshot of preparedness behaviors, risk
perception and the strength of neighborhood relationships.
• These findings enable individuals to identify context-specific
adaptation actions and allow policymakers to engage community
members in urban resilience planning.

6. THE URBAN COMMUNITY RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT

7. UCRA BEGAN IN RIO WITH 100 RESILIENT CITIES
What the CRO / Rio needed?
- Getting proactive – instead of
reactive
- Increasing focus on climate change
- Focus on INDIVIDUAL

8. MILESTONES IN BRAZIL: UCRA INCLUDED IN CITY
PLANS
Mariana Gil, WRI Brazil, Sustainable Cities
Porto Alegre
Municipal
Resilience Plan
Rio de Janeiro
City Strategy
2017-2020

9. UCRA PROGRESSION
1) Development
in RIO
2) Application in POA /
Brazilian Context
3) Surat, India
4) Next – Semarang, Indonesia
UCRA in 3 countries / 4 cities informs an adaptable
framework

10. 6 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UCRA
1. Factoring multiple aspects
2. Filling a data gap
3. Being actionable
4. Leveraging citizen knowledge / being inclusive
5. Detailed and Disaggregated
6. Adapted to Local Context

11. UCRA FRAMEWORK: 3 ASPECTS/ 10 CATEGORIES
Vulnerability Context Community Resilience Individual Capacity
A. Vulnerability of Setting
B. Pre-existing Social
Vulnerability
C. Access to Urban
Services​
A. Social Cohesion
B. Community Preparedness​
C. Governance & Political
Engagement​
D. Resilient Built
Environment​
A. Risk Preparedness​
B. Communication &
Awareness​
C. Economic Resources

12. UCRA FRAMEWORK AND INDICATORS
Vulnerability Context​ Community Resilience​ Individual Capacity​
A. Vulnerability of Setting​ A. Social Cohesion​ A. Risk Preparedness​
1. High Risk Areas​ 1. Size & Strength of Informal Social Networks 1. Perceived Climate Risk
2. Urban Poor Housing (Informal Housing​) 2. Neighbourhood Socializing 2. Practice of Resilience Habits
3. Summer Heat Index​ 3. Neighbourhood Preference 3. Resilience Kits
4. Precipitation Anomaly​ 4. Sense of Community Identity 4. Back-up of documents
5. Extreme Events​ 5. Community-Based Livelihoods
B. Pre-existing Social Vulnerability​ B. Community Preparedness​ B. Communication & Awareness​
1. High-risk Labor Profile​ 1. Community Led Resilience Activities 1. Cell Phone Ownership
2. Literacy Profile​ 2. Community Health Awareness Camps 2. Internet Access
3. Age Profile​ 3. High Risk Communities with EWS 3. Access to Local News
4. Gender Imbalance​ 4. Weather Forecast Awareness
5. Migration Profile​ 5. Weather Health Awareness
C. Access to Urban Services​ C. Governance & Political Engagement​ C. Economic Resources​
1. Access to Water Distribution Network​ 1. Political Engagement 1. Alternative Livelihood Options
2. Access to Sewage Treatment Network​ 2. Voter Participation 2. Emergency Savings
3. Access to Electricity Grid​ 3. Trust in Community Leader 3. Health and Life Insurance
4. Access to Waste Collection Network​ 4. BPL Card/ Proof of Identity
5. Access to Urban Health Amenities​ 5. Willingness to Invest in Resilience
D. Resilient Built Environment​
1. Toilet Type
2. Mobility
3. Access to Natural Features
4. Construction Type
5. Availability of Shade

13. SURAT PROJECT : PARTNERSHIPS

14. UCRA IMPLEMENTATION IN SURAT
Kick-off meeting with the city
Train survey team
Vet survey forms in focus group discussions
Apply survey forms up to 500 households
Co-develop resilience actions through focus group discussions
Develop local operational resilience plans with city CRO and submit to the city
Preparatory Phase
UCRA Training
UCRA Implementation
Develop operational
resilience plans
Review indicators in the 1st multi-stakeholder meeting
Analyze results
Develop a resilience diagnostic report
Finalize indicators & survey forms in 2nd multi-stakeholder meeting
Adapt indicators
Select communities

15. SURAT – THREE SLUM COMMUNITIES IDENTIFIED
3
1
2
Kosad Awas
Resettlement Colony
Sant Tukaram Nagar 2,
peri-urban slum
Morarji Vasahi,
established slum

16. EXPERT FEEDBACK

17. COMMUNITY FEEDBACK

18. ADAPTING INDICATORS BASED ON FEEDBACK
Collate expert and community
feedback to adapt indicators to
the local context

19. PRIMARY SURVEYS TO BE CONDUCTED
WRI Brazil, Surveys in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

20. DATA ANALYSIS – DISAGGREGATED BY AGE/
GENDER
54%
25%
9%
5% 7%
71%
25%
4%
0% 0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0 vezes 1-2 vezes 3-4 vezes 5-6 vezes 7+ vezes
Total number of times in the last 6 months that
respondents participated in community
meetings, protests or public consultations
(by neighbourhood)
Morro da Formiga Morro dos Macacos
A. Social Cohesion
1. Size & Strength of Informal
Social Networks
2. Neighborhood Socializing
3. Neighborhood Attachment
4. Sense of Community Identity
5. Community-Based Livelihoods
Community Resilience

21. RESILIENCE DIAGNOSTIC WITH INDICATOR SCORES

22. OPERATIONAL PLANNING PROCESS
1. Multi-stakeholder workshop to identify possible resilience
actions based on the resilience diagnostic report
2. Co-develop operational project plans with community
members in focus group discussions
3. Submit one implementable project plan to the Municipal
corporation and zonal officer

23. PANEL DISCUSSION