1. 1
Name Of Students:
Yash Nagaria
120573111002
Jaydeep Bhatt
120573111007
Chintan Mehta
110570111005
Internal Guide:
Prof. Sandip
Khakhariya
Power analyzer and
controller
3. 3
Power Quality is a measure of how well a
system supports reliable operation of its loads. A
power disturbance or event can involve voltage,
current, or frequency. Power disturbances can
originate in consumer power systems, consumer
loads, or the utility .
4. PQ Problems are Expensive
– Berkeley Lab Study Estimates $80
Billion Annual Cost of Power
Interruptions … Research News,
Berkeley Lab, February 2, 2005
– $50 billon per year in the USA is
lost as a results of power quality
breakdowns …. Bank of America
Report
– A manufacturing company lost
more than $3 million one day last
summer in Silicon Valley when
the “lights went out.” … New York
Times January 2000
– “A voltage sag in a paper mill can
waste a whole day of production -
$250,000 loss” … Business Week,
June 17,, 1996
5. Who is Affected?
• High Cost Facilities
o Semiconductor plants
o Pharmaceuticals
o Data centers
• Medium Cost Facilities
o Automotive
manufacturing
o Glass plants
o Plastics &
Chemicals
o Textiles
6. Major PQ Problems
Source: EPRI, 1994
Spikes, 7%
Sags, 56%
Outages,
6%
Swells,
31%
Sags (Dips)
Associated with system faults
Switching of heavy loads
Starting of large motors
Swells
System fault conditions
Switching on a large capacitor bank
Switching off a large load
7. Cost of Voltage Sags
Textile Industry
Plastics Industry
Glass Industry
Process Industry
Semiconductors
$1
k
$1
0k
$100
k
$1
M
$10
M
Losses per Voltage
Sag Event
Source: EPRI “The Economics of Custom Power”, IEEE T&D Show 2003
8. 8
Power Monitoring Equipment
Basic power monitoring equipment consists of the following components:
1. Computers
2. Internet or intranet
3. A power meter that measures Watts, Amps, power factor, AC power,
etc.
4. Data storage facilities
9. What is needed for PQ Monitoring?
•PQ Monitors must detect and
record the 7 types of PQ
problems
– Transients
– Interruptions
– Sag/Under Voltage
– Swell/Over Voltage
– Waveform Distortion
– Frequency Variations
•These include Flicker and
Compliance to ITI(CBEMA), IEEE
and ISO Standards
Plus they must …
• Be easy to use
• Be Suitable for
continuously monitoring
indoors and outdoors
• Interface with standard
PQ analysis
Software…PQD if format
• Be fast enough to capture
high speed events that
produce equipment
problems
• Have enough storage to
save the waveforms you
need.
ITI: Information Technology Industry Council (Computer & Business Equipment Manufacturer’s Association)
10. Flow chart :
The below figure shows system
software flow of power analyzer
and controller
11. Microcontroller
CY8C29466 – 28 Pin PDIP/SSOP/SOIC
Device Features
• 8 Analog inputs
• 4 Analog outputs
• 24 Digital inputs/outputs
• 16 Digital Blocks (support PWM, Timer, Counter, etc.)
• 32K Bytes Flash Memory(up to 30K available for Reserved ROM)
• 2K Bytes SRAM
• I2C Slave, Master, and Multi-Master to 400KHz
• On-chip Switch Mode Pump, for operation down to 1.0V
• External reset input
Components
12. AC supply
It is a transmission line which is single phase or three phase and supply is
given to circuit breaker.
Circuit Breaker
It is operated and controlled by processing unit, which is designed to
protect load. It generally break line between ac supply and load.
Load
Load may be machine which works on single phase and three phase ac
supply. Load may be sensitive which includes data center etc.
Potential Transformer
Potential transformer is use in our system for step down voltage as per
required range. It is used for measurement voltage capabilities. It is also
used to isolate power analyser from high voltage. Its accuracy is also high
i.e. 2%
Components
13. Current Transformer
Current transformer is used to measure current measurement capabilities. It is also
used for isolating the power analyser from power circuit.
Processing Unit
It takes input from switch, potential transformer, current transformer and gives
transformer and potential transformer and if data is exceeds limits then circuit
breaker will be activated.
LCD
It consists of 16 rows and 2 columns of 5×7 or 5×8 LCD dot matrices. The module
which is a very popular one. It is available in a 16 pin package with back light, contrast
adjustment function and each dot matrix has 5×8 dot resolution.
Components
19. References:
[1] IEEE Standard 519-1992, "IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for
Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems", IEEE,New York, NY, USA, 1993.
[2] IEEE, « IEEE C57.110 Recommended Practice for Establishing Liquid-Filled and Dry-
Type Power and Distribution Transformer Capability When Supplying Nonsinusoidal
Load Currents”, March 2008
[3] IEC 60050-161, 'International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161:
Electromagnetic compatibility', IEC publication, 09 – 1990
Links:
[1] http://www.smesauda.com/testing-instruments/other-instruments/fluke/fluke-
1730-three-phase-energy-logger/1669.html?gclid=CN2XkKGp4L8CFRKTjgodxo4A8Q
[2] http://www.fluke.com/fluke/inen/solutions/pq/
[3] http://www.cpccorp.com/pq.htm
[4] http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/announce/electric_power
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_quality
[6] http://www.fluke.com/fluke/inen/solutions/energy-efficiency/default.htm
[7]https://www.google.co.in/search?q=High+Cost+Facilities+industries&num=100&so
urce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=bVqRVNqxE8e1uQSh-
YLIBg&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAg&biw=981&bih=548
[8]https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1138&bih=548&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=medium
+Cost+Facilities+industries&oq=medium+Cost+Facilities+industries&gs_l=img.3...2066
32.207909.0.208972.6.6.0.0.0.0.633.633.5-
1.1.0.cprnk%2Cekomodo%3Dtrue...0...1.1.60.img..6.0.0.i_jUPch6m1E
