1. Articles
• A and An means one
• used with countable
nouns
• used to talk about just
one member in that
group
• a used for singular
nouns begin with a
consonant sound
• a lion a boat
• an used for singular
nouns that begin with a
vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u)
• an owl an arrow
a, an, the
2. Singular and Plural Nouns
1. adding ‘s’
eraser – erasers
vase – vases
house – houses
tree – trees
day – days
umbrella – umbrellas
key – keys
2. adding ‘es’
box – boxes
tomato – tomatoes
torch – torches
brush – brushes
glass – glasses
fox – foxes
potato – potatoes
7. Personal Pronouns
Nouns Pronouns
(as subject)
Pronouns
(as object)
Maria and
Azhan
They them
The boys/ girls They them
The trees/
the cats
They them
Maria and I We us
10. Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative
pronoun
Number What it points to
This Singular A person or thing that is
near us
These Plural Two or more people or
things that are near us
That Singular A person or thing that is
far away
Those Plural Two or more people or
things that are far away
11. Prepositions
Preposition are used to
show position.
in the cage
on the table
under the chair
beside the road
lean against the wall
among the bushes
at the bus stop
between the houses
in front of the class
below the fan
12. Prepositions
Prepositions of
Direction~
to the car
from the park
up the hill
down the stairs
across the bridge
over the fence
through the tunnel
along the road
around the playground
into the shop
towards the canteen
13. Prepositions
Prepositions of time ~ in the morning
in January
on Tuesday
on your birthday
at 3 o’clock
at night
at noon
for a month
for ten minutes
for two years
14. Prepositions
Prepositions of time ~ since yesterday
since last week
until 6.00 p.m.
until year 2012
during the holidays
during dinner
before/after breakfast
before/after 3 o’clock
by Friday
by tomorrow
15. Preposition also used with
certain * verbs
• agree to/with
• apply to/for
• ask for/about
• complain about
• think about/of
• believe in
• borrow from
• compare with/to
• hope for
16. Preposition also used with
certain * adjectives (adjektif)
• angry with
• ashamed of
• aware of
• interested in
• safe from
• sorry for
• scared of
• tired of
• used to
17. The Simple Present Tense : CLUE
• Every day
• Every week
• Every month
• Every year
• Every night
• Every evening
• Every morning
• Daily
• Weekly
• Monthly
• Yearly
• Annually
• Once a fortnight
• Always
• Usually
• Often
• Sometimes
• Normally
18. A) Singular subject
Adding verb's'
He
She
It
My brother
Sarah
Alif’s sister
The cat
The woman
plays
reads
walks
goes
does
has
is
19. B) Plural subject
Didn't adding verb 's'
I
You
We
They
Janet and Jennifer
My friends
The children
The durians
plan
study
arrange
hold
do
have
are
20. The Simple Past Tense : Clue
• Yesterday
• Just now
• Ago
• Last week
• Last month
• Last year
• Last Monday morning
• This morning
• A few days ago
• A few minutes ago
• A moment ago
• Two weeks ago
• Recently
• Those days
• A fortnight ago
21. Rules of Simple Past Tense
• Regular verbs – the verbs end in ‘d’ or ‘ed’.
• Example: talk – talked
jump – jumped
• Irregular verbs – the verbs change form
• Example: go - went
buy - bought
catch - caught
22. The Continuous Tense
• Verb + ing
• Examples:
swimming
reading
teaching
writing
enjoying
• Present Tense
am, is, are
now
at this moment
• Past Tense
was, were
while, when, as
24. He
She
It
Munif
Sarah
The girl
The boy
My uncle
The rabbit
Pn Suhaila
Singular subject
Present
is
Past
was
Verb+ing
reading
drawing
walking
sweeping
buying
sleeping
25. Plural subject
• You
• We
• They
• The children
• The lions
Present
are
Past
were
Verb+ing
reading
drawing
walking
sweeping
sleeping
26. The Simple Future Tense
• tomorrow
• afterwards
• next week
• tonight
• later
• soon
• shall
• will
• going to
After will, shall, going
to – root words.
27. The Simple Future Tense
• I
• We
• shall walk
• shall finish
• shall attend
• will go
• will buy
• will choose
28. The Simple Future Tense
He
She
It
You
They
•will go
•will do
•will swim
29. Singular subject + singular verb
• Each pupil
• Each of the girls
• Each of the boys
• One of the girls
• Any of the boys
• Anyone who
• Anybody
• Someone who
• Nobody
• No one
• Not one of them
has
goes
does
cycles
knows
bites
thinks
runs
plays
sings
reads
30. Uncountable nouns take a singular verb
• hair, grass,
rice, powder,
juice, syrup,
flour, sugar
oil, soup,
salt, pepper
money, water
sand, dust
• Singular verb-to-be
is
was
31. Either and neither take a singular verb
• Either of the girls
• Neither of the boys
• Either this man or that man
• Neither Maria nor Azlina
• Neither you nor he
is
was
has
does
runs
sings
sleeps
32. Adjectives
• ………. as brave as a lion.
• ………. happier than ………
• ………. faster than ………..
• …… more expensive than my house.
• The largest …………
• The strongest …………
• The most beautiful ………
37. Infinitive
• After the word to the verb must be in
root word (kata dasar).
e.g
1. The doctor told her to stay in bed for
a week.
2. It is difficult to catch a crocodile.
3. My aunt teaches me how to make
egg tart.
40. Countable
many
several
a few
some
a lot of
banyak
beberapa
sedikit
sebahagian
sangat banyak
apple, bag, pencil, cup,
tiger, rose, ruler,
buffalo, day, letter,
shirt, hour, minute, etc.
Examples:
There are many boys
at the bus stop.
Amir met a few friends.
41. Uncountable
much
a little
a lot of
some
any
banyak
sedikit
sangat banyak
sebahagian
oil, water, perfume, air,
sugar, salt, smoke, coffee,
tea, rice, grass, juice,
syrup, sauce, flour, etc.
Examples:
Don't put too much sugar
in my coffee.
Add a little salt to the
soup.
A lot of dust has gathered
on the desk.
42. Question words
What ~ (apa)
To ask about people,
animals, things
What is your name?
What did you do to my car?
When ~ (bila)
To as about time
When is the train arriving?
When did you go to
Singapore?
Why ~ (kenapa)
To ask about reason
Why did the man shout at
you?
Why is the baby crying?
Where ~ (dimana)
To ask about places.
Where is the museum?
Where do you live?
43. Conjunction
• is a linking or joining words
• we use conjunctions to connect words, groups of
words, clauses or sentences
And But
Or If
So Because
As Although
Either ………..or Neither …….....nor
Therefore Moreover
However Furthermore
Even though
44. Question words
How (bagaimana/berapa)
To ask about people,
events and the way things
are done.
How old are you?
How did the accident happen?
Whose ~ (siapa punya)
To ask about belongings.
Whose bag is on the floor?
Whose children are they?
Which (yang mana satu)
To ask about people,
animals, and things.
Which girl won the first prize?
Which dog chased you?
Who ~ (siapa)
To ask about people
Who is that lady?
Who did you talk to?
