oral cavity and tongue, boundaries of oral cavity, tongue structure, muscles of tongue, instrinsic muscles, extrinsics muscles, hyoglossal, styloglossal, palato glossal, blood supply of tongue, nerve supply of tongue muscles, action of tongue, ligual papillae, taste bud,

1. ORAL CAVITY AND
TONGUE
DR SANA YASEEN
ANATOMY DEPARTMENT

4. INTRODUCTION
 Mass of striated muscles.
 Covered with mucous membrane.
 Anterior 2/3 lies in mouth and posterior 1/3 lies in pharynx.
 Divided into two halves by a median fibrous septum.
 An accessory digestive organ
 Lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
 In the middline, under surface of the tongue is connected to
the floor of the mouth by fold of mucous membrane,
frenulum of the tongue.

5.  Lateral to frenulum we can see
the lingual veins through the
mucous membrane.
 Lateral to veins mucous
membrane forms a fringed
fold called Plica fimbriata.

6. FUNCTIONS OF TONGUE
 Chewing
 Swallowing
 Speech
 Taste

8. MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF TONGUE
 Sulcus terminalis divides it into
two halves. By V shaped sulcus:
SULCUS TERMINALIS
 Apex of this sulcus lies
posteriorly and has foramen
cecum.
 Tongue is also divided into right
and left part by median septum.

9. PAPILLAE OF TONGUE
 Three types of papillae are present on the upper surface of
the anterior-third of the toungue and so anterior surface of
tongue is rough.
 Filliform papillae
 Fungiform papillae
 Circum vallate papillae
 The posterior part has a nodular irregular surface because of
presence of underlying lymph nodules, the lingual tonsil.

11. FILLIFORM
 Most numerous,
smallest
 No taste buds
 Contains straitified
squamous
epithelium
FUNGIFORM
 More abundunt, close
to the tip
 Cover by straitified
non keratinized
squamous epithelium
 Posses taste buds
CIRCUMVALLATE
 Present around V shaped
sulcus terminalis
 Covered by straitified non
keratinize squamous
epithelium
 Posses numerous taste buds

13. TASTE SENSATIONS
 Four types of taste cells - activated by a particular group
of chemicals
 Sweet - tip of the tongue.
 Sour - sides of the tongue.
 Salty - tip and sides of the tongue.
 Bitter - back of the tongue

15. MUSCLES OF TONGUE
1. Intrinsic muscles
 Has no bony attachment.
 They are longitudinal, transverse and vertical fibers.
 Nerve supply: hypoglossal nerve.
Action:
 alter the shape of tongue.
 They have key roles in speech, mastication and swallowing

16. INSTRINSIC
MUSCLES

17. 2. Extrinsic muscles:
 has bony attachment.
 They are;
 genioglossus.
 Hyoglossus
 Styloglossus
 palatoglossus

18. Muscle From Nerve Function
Genioglossus
muscle
mandible hypoglossal nerve
protrudes the
tongue as well as
depressing its
center.
Hyoglossus muscle hyoid bone hypoglossal nerve
depresses the
tongue.
Styloglossus muscle styloid process hypoglossal nerve
elevates and
the tongue.
Palatoglossus
muscle
palatine
pharyngeal branch
of vagus nerve
depresses the soft
palate, moves the
palatoglossal fold
towards the midline,
and elevates the
back of the tongue.

23. BLOOD SUPPLY
ARTERIAL SUPPLY:
 Lingual artery
 Tonsillar branch of the facial artery
 Ascending pharyngeal artery
VENOUS DRAINAGE:
 Venous drainage is through internal jugular vein.
 Common facial vein

25. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
 Tip of tongue submental nodes.
 Anterior 2/3 submandibular and deep cervical nodes.
 Posterior 1/3 deep cervical nodes.

26. NERVE SUPPLY
GENERAL SENSORY
 ANT 2/3:
LINGUAL NERVE
 POST 1/3:
GLOSSOPHARYN
GEAL NERVE
SPECIAL SENSORY
 ANT 2/3:
CHORDATYMPAN
I
 POST 1/3:
GLOSSOPHARYN
GEUS NERVE
MOTOR
 All muscles except
palatoglossus are
innervated by:
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE
 PALATOGLOSSUS
MUSCLE is innervated
by: pharyngeal
branch of the vagus
nerve

28. CLINICAL
At rest, if the nerve is injured a tongue may
appear to have the appearance of a
fasciculations or wasting (atrophy). Weakness
of tongue muscles can result in slurred
speech, affecting sounds particularly
dependent on the tongue for generation (i.e.,
lateral approximants, dental stops, alveolar
stops, velar nasals, rhotic consonants
etc.).Tongue strength may be tested by
poking the tongue against the inside of their
cheek, while an examiner feels or presses
from the cheek. Deviation of tongue towards
the affected side when it is stuck out.

29.  Tongue tie /ankyloglossia

30. GLOSSITIS
 is the inflammation of the tongue usually associated with
generalized ulceration of mouth cavity or stomatitis. It may be
found in different types of anemia , tongue becomes smooth
due to atrophy of the filliform papillae.