Pox Virus-Pathogenesis Immunity & Diagnosis

1. Pox viruses
Dr Sumitha J
Associate Professor
JBAS College for Women,Chennai-18

10. DIAGNOSIS
1. Clinical evaluation:
Symptoms: Poxvirus infections present differently depending on the specific virus, but some
common symptoms include:
Fever: A sudden high fever is often the first sign.
Rash: This is the most characteristic feature, typically consisting of raised, firm bumps (papules)
that progress to fluid-filled blisters (vesicles) and then pus-filled pustules. The rash usually
appears on the face and extremities, but can spread to other parts of the body.
Swollen lymph nodes: The lymph nodes near the infected area may become swollen and tender.
Muscle aches and fatigue: These are general symptoms that can accompany many infections.
Travel history and contact with animals: Certain poxviruses are associated with specific
geographic regions or contact with infected animals. For example, monkeypox is more common
in Central and West Africa, while cowpox can be acquired from cattle.

11. Laboratory tests
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): This is the most sensitive and specific test for poxvirus DNA. It
can be used on various samples, such as skin lesions, swabs, or blood.
Virus isolation: This test involves growing the virus in cell culture or chicken embryos. It can take
several days to obtain results, but it can also provide information about the specific type of
poxvirus
Electron microscopy: This test can be used to visualize the virus particles in a sample. It is not as
sensitive as PCR, but it can be helpful in distinguishing poxviruses from other viruses.