The presentation explains the basic Database model and Schema with design Approach.

1. DATA MODEL AND DESIGN
APPROACH
BY RAAZ KARKEE

2. Table of content
• Introduction to database.
• What is database models and schema.
• Types of data models.
• Comparison between data models and schema
• Design approach

3. Objectives
• To know about the basic definition of database.
• To know about the types of data models
• To know about the comparison between data models and schema
• To know about the design approach.

4. Basic Definitions
• Data: Known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning.
• Database: A collection of related data
• Database Management System (DBMS): A software package/ system to
facilitate the creation and maintenance of a computerized database.

5. What is Database Model and Schema.
• Database Model: A database model refers to the logical structure,
representation or layout of a database and how the data will be stored,
managed and processed within it.
• Database Schema: A database schema is a method of representing
data model in the syntax and structure provided for by a database.

6. Types of Data Model
• Hierarchical database model
• Relational model
• Network model
• Object oriented database model
• Entity-relationship model

7. Hierarchical database model
•Hierarchical Database Model
→Organizes data into tree like structure.
→Based on parent – child relationship.
•Relational Model
→Organizes data in tabular form.
→Based on relational data structures.
•Network Model
→Designed as flexible approach to representing objects and their relationships.
→Allows more connections between nodes.

8. Contd…
• Object oriented database model
→use concepts like entities, attributes and relationships.
→Data and their relationship are contained in a single structure known as object.
• Entity-relationship model
→graphical representation of entities and their relationships.

9. Comparison between data model and
schema
Data Models
• structure of how your data should look
like
• conceptual model of how data is
arranged or represented. For example,
a "network" or "graph" may be a data
model.
Schema
• is something that is the real thing
Database Schema = Data Model + Data +
Meta Data
• method of representing a data model in
the syntax and structure provided for by a
database. For example, a typical RDBMS
does not have the concept of a
graph/network, but it can be stored as a
table of node pairs representing connected
nodes in the graph

10. • fundamental entities to introduce
abstraction in a DBMS
• Refers how data is connected to each other
and how they are processed and stored
inside the system
• basically two types ER-Model and
Relational Model
• A database schema of a database system is
its structure described in a formal language
supported by the database management
system (DBMS)
• refers to the organization of data as a
blueprint of how the database is
constructed (divided into database tables
in the case of Relational Databases).
• also two type Physical and logical

11. Design approach
• There are two approaches for developing database.
• Top-down method & Bottom-up method.
• These approaches appear radically different
• They share the common goal of utilizing a system by describing all of
the interaction between the processes.

12. Top down design Method
• Starts from the general and move to the specific.
• Involves the identification of different entity types and the definition of each entity’s
attributes.
• For Example: You start with a general idea of what is needed for the system and then
work your way down to the more specific details of how the system will interact.

13. Bottom – up design method
• Begins with the specific details and moves up to the general.
• Done by first identifying the data elements (items) and then grouping
them together in data sets.
• This method first identifies the attributes, and then groups them to
form entities.

14. Conclusion
• Data can be managed in different models where different models make
it easy to manage data.

15. Any Question ?????

16. Thank You !!!