Birth control measures

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CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
B.Sc II Sem IV
UNIT IV
By
Dr. Priti D.Diwan
Assistant Professor
Department of Zoology
J.D.Patil Sangludkar Mahavidyalay Daryapur.

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CONTRACEPTION
 prevention of conception is called as contraception.
 Contraception is useful to prevent population
explosion.
 It is also called as Birth Control methods or Family
Planning Methods.
 This can be done at the female, male or coital stages.

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CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS: A
CLASSIFICATION
 TERMINAL OR PERMANENT METHODS:
 There is a permanent stopping of conception.
 Used by couples who have finished their family.
 TEMPORARY SPACING METHODS:
 Used for spacing or giving a gap between
children
 Used to postpone children’s arrival while the
couple gets adjusted.

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TERMINAL METHODS
I. VASECTOMY:
 MALE STERILISATION:
 A SIMPLE OUT PATIENT PROCEDURE.
 THE ‘VAS DEFERENS’ IS ISOLATED AND
CUT.
 THE TWO ENDS ARE LIGATED.

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VASECTOMY

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II. TUBECTOMY:
 FEMALE STERILIZATION:
 PART OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE IS
REMOVED.
 THE TWO ENDS ARE TIGHTLY LIGATED.
 CAN BE DONE AS:
 POST PARTUM STERILIZATION
 LAPAROSCOPIC STERELIZATION
TERMINAL METHODS

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TUBECTOMY: TYPES

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SPACING
 BARRIER METHODS:
A) PHYSICAL BARRIER:
 CONDOMS
 DIAPHRAGM
 VAGINAL SPONGE
 FEMALE CONDOM.
B) CHEMICAL BARRIER:SPERMICIDAL
 FOAMS
 CREAMS
 SUPPOSITORIES
METHODS

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CONDOMS SPERMICIDES

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FEMALE CONDOM

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DIAPHRAGM + SPERMICIDE
A diaphragm is a flexible, latex, dome-shaped cup. It is designed to fit securely in the
vagina to cover the cervix.

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A foam sponge inserted into the vagina to prevent pregnancy
VAGINAL SPONGE + SPERMICIDE

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INTRA UTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE
DEVICES (IUCD):
 FUNCTION BY PREVENTING IMPLANTATION.
 I GENERATION:
 NON MEDICATED: LIPPE’S LOOP
 II GENERATION: MEDICATED BIOACTIVE
 COPPER T
 III GENERATION: HORMONE RELEASING
 PROGESTASERT

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LIPPE’S LOOP Cu T & PROGESTASERT

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Summary
IUDs are:
 Safe, effective, convenient, reversible, long lasting,
cost effective, easy to use.
Providers can ensure safety by:
 Careful screening
 Proper follow-up

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HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES
 ALSO CALLED ORAL PILLS OR ORAL
CONTRACEPTIVES.
 ARE USUALLY HORMONES OR
COMBINATIONS TAKEN BY MOUTH.
 THEY CAUSE THE TEMPORARY CESSATION
OF THE OVARIAN CYCLES.

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ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
 COMBINED PILLS:
 HAS BOTH ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE.
 PROGESTRONE ONLY PILL.
 DEPOT FORMULATIONS
 INJECTABLES: DEPOT PROVERA

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 Abortion is the termination of pregnancy.
 Therapeutic Abortion
 Intentional termination of pregnancy before age
of viability to preserve the health of the mother
 Elective Abortion
 Intentional termination of pregnancy for
reasons unrelated to mothers health
POST CONCEPTIONAL METHODS

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OTHER METHODS
 ABSTINENCE: THE BEST
 COITUS INTERRUPTUS:
 HISTORICALLY THE OLDEST IN HUMANS.
 THE SEMEN WAS SPILLED ON THE
GROUND.
 THE MALE PILL:
 GOSSYPOL : COTTON SEED OIL
 KILLS SPERMATIDS.

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NATURAL FAMILY
PLANNING METHODS
 SAFE PERIOD METHOD:
 DURING THE FERTILE PERIOD, COITUS IS
AVOIDED.
 THE REST OF THE CYCLE IS ‘SAFE’
 OVULATION TESTS:
 BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE CHARTS
 CERVICAL MUCUS : BILLINGS METHOD
 SYMPTOTHERMIC: ‘SELF RECOGNITION’

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SAFE PERIOD METHOD

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REVIEW
 Contraception is the prevention of conception.
 There two main types:
 Permanent or Terminal methods:
 Vasectomy or Male sterilization.
 Tubectomy or Female sterilization.
 Temporary or Spacing methods:
 Barriers
 IUCDs
 Other methods.