Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral disease transmitted between pigs and birds, with Culex mosquitoes as vectors. It was first reported in Japan in 1871 and India in 1952. It is a leading cause of viral neurological disease in Asia, with up to 50,000 reported cases and 10,000-15,000 deaths annually. The virus causes fever, headache, abnormal behavior and potentially seizures, paralysis or death. A vaccine was developed in 1983 and is now used in vaccination programs in affected areas, though efficacy must be monitored. Analysis of samples from northeast India found a 36.88% positivity rate, with most cases in children living near pigs without mosquito nets or in water-logged areas near

1. Introduction
♦ Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus.
♦ Japanese encephalitis is a flavivirus that is transmitted by the mosquito Culex
tritaeniorhynchus and Culex vishnui mainly.
♦ Domestic pigs and wild birds are the reservoirs of this virus and transmission to humans
may cause severe symptoms include Fever, Headache, abnormal behavior (Changing mental
status), Seizure, unconsciousness, Neck rigidity, Paralysis etc.
♦ In 1871, first clinical case of Japanese encephalitis was reported from Japan.
♦ In India the first JEV case was reported in 1952 and in the year 1973from the Bankura
District of West Bengal JEV outbreak was reported.
♦ 1978, first case of Japanese encephalitis was reported from the Lakhimpur district of
Assam.
IMPORTANCE
JE is the leading cause of viral neurological disease in Asia. More than 3 billion people live in
areas where JE is transmitted. JE is a traditionally a disease of children. Age shift has been
reported in recent years in Assam and UP. Up to 50,000 cases of JE are reported to WHO
each year. Up to 10,000 to 15,000 deaths are reported each year.
Immunization
♦ 1983: Immunization in South Korea (Started as early as age 3).
♦ 1983-1987: Vaccine available in U.S. on investigational basis.
♦ 2006: India ( Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam & Karnataka ).Assam started Children
vaccination since 2006 with Sivsagar and Dibrugarh district and in 2007, it includes Golaghat
& Jorhat district. Again adult vaccination processed from Sivsagar district in the year 2011
with the vaccine SA14-14-2 strain. After that it includes for Kamrup (M), Golaghat, Jorhat,
Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Dhemaji and Lakhimpur district .
Materials and methods
Field Investigation (For hospital admitted patients ). Documentation & Sample Collection. JE
IgM Capture ELISA .Result Analysis.
Image 1: ELISA Plate after reading
Acknowledgement
The authors are highly thankful to NVBDCP unit of Dhemaji and Lakhimpur district for
providing the samples. The authors pay immense thanks to Laboratory Technicians and other
paramedical staff for providing cooperation at each and every part of the study. We also
acknowledge all the well wishers who gave us the information, advice in all steps of our
research works.
Results
♦ 36.88 % Patients were positive (52/141). ♦ Maximum AES patients were below 10 (ten) years. ♦ Maximum Peoples were living with domestic
pigs. ♦ No mosquito nets were found for pigs. ♦ Neighboring area of Arunachal Pradesh (hilly Area) is main cause of water logging.
Figure 1: Cases reported of JE in year 2013 Figure 2: Cases reported of JE in year 2014
Figure 3 : Age and Sex wise positivity rate Image 2 : Wild birds and domestic pigs during field investigation
mage 3 : Peoples living behavior observed during field visit
mage 4 : JE Positive patient admitted at NLCH (July 2014)
•1
Mridul Malakar, Ph.D. Research Scholar, Himalayan University, Arunachal Pradesh, India; 2
Dr. Abhishek Mathur, Director Research
(R &D), Dept. of Research & Development (R&D), Institute of Transgene Life Sciences, Dehradun (U.K), India
Conclusions
♦To control the disease awareness in people is require.
♦ Vaccination is started but efficacy of vaccine need to be monitor.
♦ Animal keepers must the keep their pigs far from the living area with mosquito nets.
♦ Water logging area must be clear.