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Mechanism of action and clinical use of hormones
- 1. Hormones: Action and Clinical Use
- 2. Mechanism of Action and Clinical Use of Hormones in Animal Reproduction DR G N PUROHIT MVSc, Ph.D, MNVAS Former Prof & Head Vet Gynec & OBSTETRICS GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir)
- 7. GnRH GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Stored in granules half life of 2-4 minutes
- 13. Protein Hormones FSH and LH GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir)
- 18. LH GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Low levels required for growth of follicles Surge like release causes ovulation Helps in formation of Corpus Luteum from ovulated follicles
- 24. SOURCES OF CLINICALLY USED GONADOTROPHINS GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Endometrial cups of pregnant equines produce eCGwhich has FSH like activity Chorionic villi of pregnant human females produce hCGwhich has LH like activity
- 25. CLINICAL USE OF FSH GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Anestrus Superovulation Out of the season breeding
- 26. CLINICAL USE OF LH GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Induction of ovulation Therapy of delayed ovulation Therapy of ovarian cysts As a therapy to promote CL growth
- 27. CLINICAL USE OF GnRH GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) • Therapy of Anestrus • Out of the season breeding • Induction of ovulation • Therapy of Ovarian cysts • For promoting CL growth • Estrus synchronization
- 28. OXYTOCIN (Peptide hormone from Posterior pituitary) GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Increases uterine contractions of uterus sensitized with estrogen (Estrus and parturition) Luteal regression in cow and ewe Milk Let down Clinical Use Therapy of uterine inertia (Specially bitch & sow) Induction of foaling in mare after 340 days Expulsion of retained placenta
- 29. PROLACTIN (Lactotrophic hormone from Anterior pituitary) GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Lactotrophic hormone. Suckling is a potent stimulus for prolactin secretion Luteotropic in rodents & bitch Maternal behavior Prolactin inhibitory hormone Dopamine Half life 20 minutes
- 30. PROLACTIN (Lactotrophic hormone from Anterior pituitary) GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) • Prolactin suppress LH surge & ovulation thus antiprolactins can presumably stimulate LH and ovulation • Antiprolactins (dopamine agonists) (Bromocryptine, cabergoline, metergoline) Timely ovulation in cows, in bitches for estrus induction, pregnancy termination, pseudopregnancy. Bromocryptine 30-100 µg/Kg for 6-10 days Cabergoline 5 µg/kg for 5-7 days Domperidone (dopamine antagonist) & sulpiride for estrus & ovulation induction in mares (1 mg/kg) and probably for increase in milk production in cows (metoclopramide and domperidone)
- 31. OVARIAN STEROIDS GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Two cell, two-gonadotropin theory of ovarian steroidogenesis
- 33. OVARIAN STEROIDS TRANSPORT GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Steroid hormones are transported through the blood by being bound to carrier proteins—serum proteins that bind them and increase the hormones' solubility in water. Estrogens are bound to sex hormone- binding globulin (SHBG), whereas progesterone is bound to transcortin.
- 35. Functions of estrogen GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) • Female hormone helps in estrus expression • Increases blood supply to the uterus and uterine contractions at estrus and parturition • In combination with progesterone helps in mammary development • Is Luteolytic in ruminants and luteotrophic in sow, rodents and mare • Epitheliotrophic hormone
- 36. Clinical uses of estrogen GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) • Therapy of anestrus in combination with progesterone • Prevention of misalliance in bitches • Luteolytic use (Pyometra, fetal mummification, fetal maceration) • Increasing uterine contractions (Metritis) • Artificial induction of lactation • Supplementation in spayed bitches • Therapy of skin disorders
- 38. Functions of progesterone GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Helps in maintenance of pregnancy by decreasing the uterine contractions. Udder development in combination with estrogen Regulation of estrous cycle
- 39. Sources of progesterone GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) • CL • Placenta • Adrenals CL dependent species cow, doe, bitch, sow, buffalo, camel
- 40. Clinical Use of progesterone GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) • Estrus suppression • Estrus synchronization • Pregnancy maintenance • Induction of new follicular wave • Anestrus • Ovarian cysts • Luteal insufficiency • Vaginal prolapse • Prevention of abortion
- 41. Anptiprogestins GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Are a class of drugs which prevent progestogens like progesterone from mediating their biological effects in the body. • Mifepristone (Receptor blocker) • Pregnancy termination in the bitch 2.5 mg/kg BD for 4.5 days beginning at Day 32 of pregnancy • Aglepristone (Antagonist) • Two SC injections of 10mg/kg 24 h apart
- 43. Androgens GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Growth promoters Estrus suppression Cryptorchid bulls Delayed puberty in bulls Androgenized cows as teaser
- 45. Prostaglandins GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Produced within uterine endometrium & vesicular gland Precursor is arachidonic acid Target tissue in females corpus luteum, uterine myometrium, ovulatory follicles
- 47. Prostaglandins GOVIND NARAYAN PUROHIT (GNP Sir) Natural PG analogs Synthetic PG analogs Dinoprost, tiaprost, carboprost Cloprostenol, fluprostenol, prostalene, fenprostalene