NOTE : all this from my reading in some scientific website and articles I hope that you enjoy and you benefit❤

1. Plaque development
_____________________
Precipitation of the calcium and phosphate ions within the deep layers of plaque.
(80% minerals and 20% organic debris ).
Seconds:
pellicle
formation.
1 minute:
pioneer bacteria
(S sanguis).
2 hours:
Microcolonies are
formed and
extracellular
polysaccharide is
released.
-Microcolonies
increase in the
biomass.
-Extracellular
polysaccharides
release the organic
acids.
4 hours : Biofilm
development
(complex microbial
community found
on the tooth
surface, embedded
in a matrix of
polymer of bacterial
and salivary origin)
48 hours:
Mature plaque
formation
Plaque metabolism
Carbohydrate (mainly
sucrose) is the main source
of nutrition for oral
microorganisms.
Sucrose is broken down by bacterial enzymes to
glucose and fructose.
Glucose and fructose:
1- Used as source of energy.
2- Enter the process of glycolysis
(converted to pyruvic then lactic acids).
3- Converted to polysaccharide (glucan
and fructan which are either water
soluble or water insoluble, the water
insoluble (protein binding) is important
in plaque accumulation and
attachment of the bacteria to teeth
surface.

2. It effects as : -Reservoir to a bacterial product as toxins and harmful substance to
the host.
- Tissue damage and cause periodontal diseases
_______________________________________
Anti-plaque agents
by mechanical methods as.
Plaque disruption as sodium
Anti-adherent as fluoride-containing
– Toothbrushes.
– Dental floss.
– Rubber tip stimulator.
Antimicrobial as
chlorhexidine.
The chlorhexidine prevents
bacterial proliferation on
the tooth surface by
damaging the bacterial cell
membrane.
lauryl sulfate.
solubilizes plaque to reduce
its accumulation.
compounds.
prevent or block interaction
between bacteria and oral
environment.
 Enzymes are used as antiplaque preparations.
 The enzymes are able to breakdown the already formed matrix in plaques and
calculus.
 Some have bactericidal action: Mucinase, mutanase and dextranase
DONE BY
GHADEER HASSAN