20th Century Architecture
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•248 views
Artistic Movements of the Early 20th Century
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to 20th Century Architecture
Similar to 20th Century Architecture (20)
More from Douglas Vail
More from Douglas Vail (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
20th Century Architecture
- 1. Artistic Movements of the Early 20th Century
- 2. Movement Location Practitioners Thesis/Concept Arts & Crafts (1880-1920) Great Britain Greene Brothers Charles Rennie Mackintosh A belief in craftsmanship which stresses the inherent beauty of the material, the importance of nature as inspiration, and the value of simplicity, utility, and beauty. Machine-made stuff is junk – hand-crafted items are best. Deutscher Werkbund (1907-1938) Germany Peter Behrens Walter Gropius Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Sought to combine promotion of craft with industry, as opposed to a rejection of machine production. The Werkbund embraced technology to design objects and buildings that fulfilled the changing needs of society. Professional designers can make German goods better. Vienna Secession (1897-1905) Austria Gustav Klimt Joseph Maria Olbrich Otto Wagner Josef Hoffmann A revolt of the artists who were eager to question traditional understanding of what art is and what art should be in relation to the society. This group of artists, architects and designers introduced new concepts by embracing different influences. A new art for a new age. Wiener Werkstätte (1903-1932) Austria Josef Hoffmann Dedicated to the artistic production of utilitarian items in a wide range of media, including metalwork, leatherwork, bookbinding, woodworking, ceramics, postcards and graphic art, jewelry, stained glass, and architecture. Intermingling of art with craftsmanship fused high art with handicraft total design of both buildings and interiors. Art Nouveau (1890-1910) Belgium France Spain Great Britain U.S. Victor Horta Antoni Gaudi Alphonse Mucha An artistic movement which was practiced in the fields of art, architecture and applied art. It is characterized by organic and plant motifs as well as other highly stylized forms.
- 3. ◼William Morris (England) ◼Charles Rennie Mackintosh (Scotland) ◼Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene (United States) The Arts and Crafts Movement England, Scotland and U.S.
- 4. The Arts and Crafts Movement William Morris In the second half of the nineteenth century, a number of artists and craftsmen were becoming concerned about the decline of artistic standards in manufactured goods because trained designers were not involved in creating such wares for industrial production. The leader of this activist group in England was William Morris. Morris founded the firm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner and Company in 1862, establishing workshops where artist- craftsmen created wallpaper, textiles, stained glass, utensils, furniture, and carpets using handicraft techniques.
- 5. The Arts and Crafts Movement William Morris https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= CBq73yxha0o
- 6. The Arts and Crafts Movement William Morris Unfortunately the prices of Morris’ well-made objects tended to be higher than comparable factory- made goods, so his vision of supplying quality furnishings to ordinary people was never realized.
- 7. Charles Rennie Mackinstosh Glasgow School of Art Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868- 1928) was a gifted designer whose architectural career was brief. His buildings tend to have bold massing deftly composed, with light and airy interiors. The Glasgow School of Art (1897-1909) was Mackintosh's first and largest commission. This is the main façade on Renfrew Street. The huge windows gather northern light for painting and design studios.
- 8. Charles Rennie Mackinstosh Glasgow School of Art Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Library interior, Glasgow School of Art. Mackintosh designed the reading tables and light fixtures as well.
- 9. Arts and Crafts California Bungalow Style THE GREENE BROTHERS Greene and Greene was an architectural firm established by brothers Charles Sumner Greene (1868–1957) and Henry Mather Greene (1870–1954), influential early 20th Century American architects. Active primarily in California, their houses and larger-scale ultimate bungalows are prime exemplars of the American Arts and Crafts Movement.
- 10. The Greene brothers are most known for their impressive California bungalow style. The homes are large, hand-crafted by expert carpenters, and were at their time very expensive. THE GREENE BROTHERS The Gamble House Pasadena, California The Gamble House
- 11. ◼Tree of Life design on the leaded art-glass entry pays homage to the principal material used in the construction of the house. THE GAMBLE HOUSE
- 13. THE GAMBLE HOUSE
- 14. ◼Living room inglenook with Burmese teak queen-post trusses. THE GAMBLE HOUSE
- 15. ◼View from back yard, after the completion of the 2004 restoration. THE GAMBLE HOUSE
- 16. DEUTSCHER WERKBUND (DWB) Vom Sofakissen zum Stadtebau - “From sofa cushions to city- building”
- 17. ◼The Deutscher Werkbund (German Association of Craftsmen) was a German association of artists, architects, designers, and industrialists. The Werkbund was founded in 1907 in Munich. The Werkbund was to become an important event in the development of modern architecture and industrial design, particularly in the later creation of the Bauhaus school of design. DEUTSCHER WERKBUND (DWB)
- 18. ◼Its initial purpose was to establish a partnership of product manufacturers with design professionals to improve the competitiveness of German companies in global markets, to put Germany on a competitive footing with England and the United States. ◼Members of the Werkbund were focused on improving the overall level of taste in Germany by improving the design of everyday objects and products. ◼Architect Peter Behrens' work for AEG was the first large- scale demonstration of the viability and vitality of the Werkbund's initiatives and objectives. DEUTSCHER WERKBUND (DWB)
- 19. DEUTSCHER WERKBUND (DWB) Fagus Show Works Walter Gropius Alfeld, Germany 1911 AEG Turbine Factory Peter Behrens Berlin, Germany, 1910
- 20. Peter Behrens In 1907, AEG hired Peter Behrens as artistic consultant. He designed the entire corporate identity of the company (logotype, product design, publicity, etc.) and for that he is considered the first industrial designer in history. Peter Behrens was never an employee for AEG, but worked in the capacity of artistic consultant. In 1910, Behrens designed the AEG Turbine Factory. From 1907 to 1912, he had students and assistants, and among them were: • Ludwig Mies van der Rohe • Le Corbusier • Walter Gropius
- 21. The factory was a visual reminder of the prosperity brought about by the industrial revolution AEG Turbine Factory
- 23. Influential and renowned industrial architecture Constructed of glass and steel Bold move—impacted architecture as a whole Mix of classical Greek and Egyptian traditions and modern aesthetics
- 27. VIENNA SECESSION The Vienna Secession was formed in 1897 by a group of Austrian artists who had resigned from the Association of Austrian Artists, housed in the Vienna Künstlerhaus. This movement included painters, sculptors, and architects. The first president of the Secession was Gustav Klimt, and Rudolf von Alt was made honorary president. Its official magazine was called Ver Sacrum (‘Sacred Spring’).
- 28. The Secession artists objected to the prevailing conservatism of the Vienna Künstlerhaus with its traditional orientation toward Historicism. In 1898, the group's exhibition house was built in the vicinity of Karlsplatz. Designed by Joseph Maria Olbrich, the exhibition building soon became known simply as "the Secession" (die Sezession). This building became an icon of the movement. VIENNA SECESSION Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station Otto Wagner, Vienna, 1899 Secession Building Joseph Maria Olbrich, Vienna, 1897
- 29. Unlike other movements, there is not one style that unites the work of all artists who were part of the Vienna Secession. The Secession building could be considered the icon of the movement. Above its entrance was placed the phrase “To every age its art. To every art its freedom." Secession artists were concerned, above all else, with exploring the possibilities of art outside the confines of academic tradition. They hoped to create a new style that owed nothing to historical influence. In this way they were very much in keeping with the iconoclastic spirit of turn-of-the- century Vienna. VIENNA SECESSION
- 32. VIENNA SECESSION
- 33. WIENER WERKSTÄTTE ◼Established in 1903, the Wiener Werkstätte (Vienna's Workshops) was a production community of visual artists in Vienna, Austria bringing together architects, artists and designers. ◼Fused “high art” with “handicraft” by exchanges between artists, craftspeople, architects, and designers
- 34. PURKERSDORF SANATORIUM Designed by Architect Josef Hoffman in 1904-1905, as a “mineral spa together with cure-park.” An example of Total Design: the interior furnishings and exterior were designed in unison to appear consistent.
- 35. PURKERSDORF SANATORIUM Designed by Architect Josef Hoffman in 1904-1905, as a “mineral spa together with cure-park.” An example of Total Design: the interior furnishings and exterior were designed in unison to appear consistent.
- 36. ADOLPH LOOS Adolf Loos designed this bar in Vienna in 1908, based on his experience during a stay in the United States from 1893 to 1896. The materials used are wood, glass, brass and onyx. Loos believed that the rich natural character of his building materials, rather than applied decoration, should emphasize important features in an architectural space.
- 37. ART NOUVEAU VICTOR HORTA • STAIRCASE IN THE VAN EETVELDE HOUSE, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM 1895 • STAIRCASE IN THE HÔTEL TASSEL, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM 1894