#ppt_on_mpeb #ppt_on_mpmkvvcl #ppt_for_industrial_training

1. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Industrial Visit Presentation

2. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
An Industrial Visit-Presentation On
Power Transmission And Distribution
At MPMKVVCL (Power Distribution Training Center)
Presented By:
name ________
Under The Guidance Of
Proff. ________ mam

3. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
• Madhya Pradesh Madhya Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company
Limited (MPMKVVCL) was incorporated as a wholly owned
Government Company on 31st May 2002, under the Companies
Act 1956.
• The same has been notified vide order No. 5555/RS/4/13/2001
dated 1st July 2002 of the Government of Madhya Pradesh.
• The Company undertakes the activities of distribution and retail
supply in the areas covered by the Commissioners of Bhopal,
Hoshangabad, Gwalior, and Chambal.

4. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019

5. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Transformer
A transformer is a passive electrical
device that transfers electrical
energy between two or more
circuits. A varying current in one coil
of the transformer produces a
varying magnetic flux, which, in
turn, induces a varying
electromotive force across a second
coil wound around the same core.
Electrical energy can be transferred
between the two coils, without a
metallic connection between the two
circuits

6. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Principle of operation
It is based on principle of
MUTUAL INDUCTION.
According to which an e.m.f. is
induced in a coil when current
in the neighbouring coil
changes.

7. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Working of a transformer
1. When current in the primary coil
changes being alternating in
nature, a changing magnetic field
is produced
2. This changing magnetic field
gets associated with the secondary
through the soft iron core
3. Hence magnetic flux linked with
the secondary coil changes.
4. Which induces e.m.f. in the
secondary.

8. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Laminated
Core
Breather LT Winding

9. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Secondary Winding Power Transformer

10. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
PhasorDiagramOf TransformerWithUPF
Load

11. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Phasor Diagram Of Transformer With
Lagging P.F Load

12. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
PhasorDiagramOf Transformer With
Leading P.F Load

13. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019

14. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019

15. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
We cannot think of life without electricity and when there is electricity
consumption there is a need to measure its consumption. Here energy
meter comes into picture. In every residence, malls, industry, everywhere
energy meters are used to measure the electrical energy consumed. Those
consumers which consume large energy needs better technology to
manage their energy consumption and need more data to improve their
services. Improvement in energy meter technology has increased the value-
added features such as remote sensing, LCD display, recording of tempering
events, and many more quality monitoring features in it, along with
compactness of size. But it has raised the problem of electromagnetic
interference which affects the performance of the equipment. So for better
reliability, energy meters have to pass through various electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) tests where meters are compared under various
normal and abnormal conditions with a laboratory to ensure its accuracy in
the field.

16. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Standard Tests For Energy Meters
The performance tests of an energy meter as per IEC standards are divided mainly in
three segments which include its mechanical aspects, electrical circuiting, and
climatic conditions.
1. Mechanical component tests.
2. Climatic conditions test include those limits which influence the performance of
the meter externally.
3. Electrical requirements covered many tests before giving accuracy certificate.
Under this segment, energy meter is tested for:
• Heating effect
• Proper insulation
• Supply of voltage
• Protection to earth fault
• Electromagnetic compatibility

17. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Electromagnetic Compatibility Test
An electromagnetic compatible test is the most important test which finally ensures the
accuracy of the energy meter. This test is fragmented in two parts- one is Emission tests, and
the other is Immunity test. The electromagnetic interference problem is very common today.
Those circuits in use today, can emit electromagnetic energy which can affect the
performance and reliability of both its inner circuitry and the nearby equipment. EMI can
travel through conduction or by radiation. When EMI goes through the wire or through
cables, it is called conduction. When it travels through free space, it is called radiation.
Emission Test
In an electronic system, there are many components like switching elements, chokes, circuit
layout, rectifying diodes and much more which produce EMI. This test ensures that the
energy meter does not affect the performance of the nearby instruments or we can say that
it ensures that it does not conduct or radiate EMI beyond a definite limit. There are two types
of emission test based on the EMI escapes from the system.

18. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Immunity Test
The emission test ensures that meter does not work as the source for EMI for other nearby
equipment; similarly immunity test ensures that meter does not work as a receptor and
properly function in the presence of EMI. Again, immunity tests are of two types based on
radiation and conduction.
Conducted immunity test-
These tests ensure that meter’s functioning do not get disturbed if it is in the blanket of EMI.
The electromagnetic interference source either in contact through data, interface lines, power
lines, or by contact.
Radiated immunity test-
During this test, meter functioning is monitored and if it gets affected by EMI present in the
surrounding area, that fault is recognized and corrected their only. It also is known as the
electromagnetic high-frequency field test. Radiations generated by sources like small handheld
radio transceivers, transmitters, switches, welders, fluorescent lights, switches, operating
inductive loads etc.

19. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Types of Energy Meters and Their Working
Principles:
Energy Meter or Watt-Hour Meter is an electrical
instrument that measures the amount of electrical
energy used by the consumers. Utilities are one of the
electrical departments, which install these instruments
at every place like homes, industries, organizations,
commercial buildings to charge for the electricity
consumption by loads such as lights, fans, refrigerator,
and other home appliances.
The basic unit of power is watts and it is measured by using a watt meter. One
thousand watts make one kilowatt. If one uses one kilowatt in one-hour duration, one
unit of energy gets consumed. So energy meters measure the rapid voltage and
currents, calculate their product and give instantaneous power. This power is
integrated over a time interval, which gives the energy utilized over that time period.

20. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Electromechanical Type
Induction Meter
Electronic Energy Meter

21. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019

22. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Transformer oil (also known as insulating oil) is a special type of oil which has
excellent electrical insulating properties and is stable at high temperatures.
Transformer oil is used in oil-filled electrical power transformers to insulate, stop
arcing and corona discharge, and to dissipate the heat of the transformer (i.e. act as
a coolant).
Transformer Oil: Testing, Types & P

23. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Transformer Oil Types
There are two main types of transformer oil used in transformers:
1. Paraffin based transformer oil
2. Naphtha based transformer oil
Transformer Oil Properties
The properties (or parameters) of transformer oil are:
1. Electrical properties: Dielectric strength, specific resistance, dielectric
dissipation factor.
2. Chemical properties: Water content, acidity, sludge content.
3. Physical properties: Interfacial tension, viscosity, flash point, pour point.

24. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Why is Transformer Oil Testing Importan
Transformer oil testing is important to:
1. Determine essential electrical properties of transformer oil.
2. Identify if a certain oil is suitable for future use
3. Detect whether regeneration or filtration is needed
4. Reduce oil costs and enhance component life
5. Prevent untimely failures and maximize safety

25. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019

26. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
Power is generated fairly in the level of low voltage level;
however, it is inexpensive to supply the power at a high-voltage
level. For preserving high and low voltage levels a number of
switching as well as transformation stations have to be produced
among the generating place & customer ends. Generally, these
two stations are named as electrical substations. This article
discusses different types of substations

27. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019
List of Electrical Substation Equipmen
1. Instrument
Transformers
2. Current Transformer
3. Potential Transformer
4. Conductors
5. Insulators
6. Isolators
7. Busbars
8. Lightning Arrestors
9. Circuit Breakers
10.Relays
11.Capacitor Banks
12. Batteries
13.WaveTrapper
14.SwitchYard
15.Metering and
Indication Instruments
16.Equipment for Carrier
Current
17.Prevention from Surge
Voltage
18.The Outgoing Feeders

28. ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT SEPTEMBER-2019