It is an open-source teaching-learning activity.

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A voice is a sentence which shows how actions are
done.
There are two types of voice.

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Some importance rules and examples of
voice
Step 1: Object into subject
{the object of the active voice becomes the subject of the passive voice}
Step 2: Be verbs + Past particle {V3}
Note: Be verb = is/am/are/was/were/be/been/being
Step 3: Subject into object
{the subject of the active voice becomes the object of the passive voice}
Examples:
Active: Gita cleans the room.
Passive: The room is cleaned by Gita. Continue …

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The passive without ‘by’
Be verb + known/obliged/married + to + agent
Be verb + pleased/displeased/satisfied/covered + with + agent
Be verb + astonished/shocked/surprised/frightened + at + agent
Be verb + interested + in + agent
Examples:
Active: The boy knows me well.
Passive: I am well known to the boy.
Active: Raj has pleased the principal.
Passive: The principal has been pleased with Raj.
Active: His behaviors surprised me.
Passive: I was surprised at your behaviors.
Active: Any novels interest me greatly.
Passive: I am greatly interested in any novels.

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The passive without agent
Vague Agents: Anybody/ somebody/ everybody/ someone/
anyone/something/ anything/ nothing/ everything/One
Implicit Agents: People/Farmers/Doctors/teachers/We/They, etc.
Examples:
Active: Somebody has stolen my pen.
Passive: My pen has been stolen.
Active: Teachers teach us at school.
Passive: We are taught at school.
Active: People speak English all over the world.
Passive: English is spoken all over the world.
Continue …

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The passive with Adverbs of Manner
A manner adverb is placed before main verb [V3] in the passive voice:
Examples:
Active: Ramesh beat her badly.
Passive: She was badly beaten by Ramesh.
Active: I did my duty well.
Passive: My duty was well done.
The voice with double object
[Indirect Object = Person Direct Object =
Thing] Continue …

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a. Anyone of the objects can be the subject in the
passive
b. If Direct Object is used as the subject, indirect object
is placed after verb [V3] + to/for
c. Some verbs that take two objects:
Ask/tell/lend/give/send/order/answer/teach/call etc.
Examples:
Active: I asked him a question.
Passive: He was asked a question. OR
A question was asked to him.
Active: She bought me a watch.
Passive: A watch was bought to me. OR
I was bought a watch by her.

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The passive Phrasal Verbs
Generally the phrasal verbs is not broken while changing into passive
Examples:
Active: Nobody looked after him.
Passive: He was not looked after.
Active: Rohit has written to Binod.
Passive: Binod has been written to by Rohit.
Active: Nobody has slept in this room for years.
Passive: This room hasn’t been slept in for years.

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The passive with ‘like’, ‘hate’ …
Examples:
Active: She does not laugh people laughing at her.
Passive: She does not like being laugh at her.
Active: I like people helping me.
Passive: I like being helped.
Active: He hates people calling him by his first name.
Passive: He hates being called by his first name.

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The passive of ‘think’, ‘say’, ‘believe’ …
Sometimes the verbs like ‘think’, ‘say’, ‘believe’, ‘know’, ‘find’,
‘understand’, ‘claim’, ‘assume’, … etc. are followed by ‘that clause’. In
the situation, the passive can be formed differently.
Examples:
Active: People say that he is a criminal.
Passive 1: It is said that he is a criminal.
2: He is said to be a criminal.
Active: They believe that he has killed her.
Passive 1: It is believed that he has killed her.
2: He is believed to have killed her.
‘Sub. of that clause’ + is/am/are + ‘V3 of the main verb’ + to …

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The passive of ‘think’, ‘say’, ‘believe’ …
‘Sub. of that clause’ + is/am/are + ‘V3 of the main verb’ + to …
Active: They hope that he will be a criminal.
Passive 2: He is hoped to be a criminal.
Active: They hope that he will be working there.
Passive 2: He is hoped to be working there.
Active: They hope that he is working there.
Passive 2: He is hoped to be working there.
Active: They hope that he has done it.
Passive 2: He is hoped to have done it.
Active: They expect that he did it.
Passive 2: He is expected to have done it.
Active: They expect that he was doing it.
Passive 2: He is expected to have been doing it.
A: They say that he has been working there.
P 2: He is said to have been working there.

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‘make’, and ‘help’ passive
Examples:
Active: He made her clean the house.
Passive: She was made to clean the house by him.
Active: She helped me to write a letter.
Passive: I was helped to write a letter by her.
‘let’, passive
Active: The boss let us leave early.
Passive: We were allowed to leave early.

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Passive of ‘to-infinitives’ verbs
Active: I want John to lift this bag.
Passive: I want this bag to be lifted by John.
‘start’, with to-infinitive structure passive
Active: They started to learn English five years ago.
Passive: English started to be learnt five years ago.

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Passive of ‘gerunds’
Active: I love somebody helping me.
Passive: I love being helped.
Active: I like people taking my photographs.
Passive: I I like having my photographs taken.
‘start’, with gerund structure passive
Active: They started learning English five years ago.
Passive: English started being learnt five years ago.

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Passive of ‘senses’ verbs
Active: They heard the baby cry.
Passive: The baby was heard to cry /crying.
Passive of ‘be supposed to’ structure
Active: She is supposed to clean the room.
Passive: The room is supposed to be cleaned by her.

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General Imperative

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Descriptive Imperatives
Examples:
Active: weigh the solid in air.
Passive: The solid is weighed in air.
Active: Use the measuring jars.
Passive: The measuring jars are used.
… is / are / was / were + V3
Passive: The inner tube was removed.

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Obligatory Imperatives
Examples:
Active: Respect your seniors.
Passive: Your seniors should be respected.
Active: Help the poor.
Passive: The poor should be helped.
… should be + V3
Active: Teach them well.
Passive: You are supposed to teach them well.

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Passive of Interrogatives

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Passive of Interrogatives

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Passive of Interrogatives
Active: Are they reading the book?
Statement: They are reading the book.
SP: The book is being read by them.
ISP: Is the book being read by them?
Active: Does he have to invite her?
Passive: Does she have to be invited by him?

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Passive of Interrogatives
Active: Why does he have to invite her?
Statement: He has to invite her why.
SP: She has to be invited by him why.
ISP: Why does she have to be invited by him?
Active: When did you request him?
Passive: When was he requested by you?

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Passive of Interrogatives