Indonesia has significant potential for wind energy development given its geography as an archipelago. Currently wind energy contributes less than 800 kW of installed capacity. The government aims to increase this to 250 MW by 2025. Several small-scale wind projects have been implemented to power water pumps, demonstrating the technology's benefits compared to diesel. Plans are underway to install seven new 80 kW wind turbine projects on various islands in 2007. Overall wind speeds are typically 3-5 m/s, with some areas above 5 m/s showing greater potential for utility-scale projects.

1. UTILIZATION OF WIND ENERGY IN INDONESIA
INDONESIA COUNTRY REPORT
Dani Rusirawan & Liman Hartawan
Departement of Mechanical Engineering
Institut Teknologi Nasional (ITENAS) – Bandung
Jl. PKHH. Mustapa No.23, Bandung 40124, West Java – INDONESIA
Email: danir@itenas.ac.id, liman@itenas.ac.id ; Homepage: http://www.itenas.ac.id
INDONESIA IN GENERAL
Fig. 1 Map of Indonesia [7]
Indonesia is the largest archipelago and the fourth most populous country in the world.
Consisting of five main island (Sumatra, Jawa, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua) with
33 provinces, 30 smaller archipelagos, it has a total 17,508 island of which about 6,000
are inhabited. It stretches 5,150 km between the Australia and Asia continental main-
lands and divides the Pacific and Indian Oceans at the Equator. The name Indonesia is
composed of two Greek words: “Indos” which means Indian and “negos” meaning
island. The capital city of Indonesia is Jakarta.
COUNTRY DESCRIPTION
Total Area [1] : 1,919,440 sq km
Population [2] : 221.9 million
Population Density : 115.6 persons per sq km
ELECTRICAL ENERGY SECTOR OVERVIEW
Total Installed Capacity : 22,515 MW [3]
Primary Energy Sources : Oil, gas and coal

2. Total installed capacity growth approximately 8.4 %, from 20,762 MW in 2000 to
22,515 MW in 2005. [3]
23000
22515
22500
22000
Capacity (MW)
21470
21500 21206
21112
20949
21000 20762
20500
20000
19500
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
Fig. 2 Total Installed Capacity 2000-2005 [3]
In past 5 years, the electricity sold by PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara/National Utility
Company) growth significant (8.3% per year), i.e. 79.16 MWH (2000) to 107.03 MWH
(2005), meanwhile the PLN customer increased 4.18 % average per year. [3]
120 40
35
100
Customers (Million)
30
80
25
MWh
60 20
15
40
10
20
5
0 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year Year
(3a) Electricity demand (3b) Profile of PLN Customers (million)
Fig. 3 Electricity Demand (3a) & Profile of PLN Customers (3b) [3]
The most of demand of electricity is coming from industry (40%) and household
appliance (38 %).
17.022; 16%
42.488; 40%
41.184; 38%
2.488; 2%
1.726; 2%
2.221; 2%
Industry Social Office Gov. Building
Public Street Lighting Domestic/Household Business
Fig. 4. Customers category [3]

3. The electricity production in 2006 was at 128,423 GWH, produced largely by coal
(54,659 GWH) then by oil (28,009 GWH), by natural gas (27,063 GWH), hydropower
(12,153 GWH) and by geothermal (6,539 GWH). [4]
Fig. 5 Electricity Production in 2006 [4]
[5]
The wind energy installed capacity approximately less than 800 KW (until year
2007).
The government of Republic Indonesia is enthusiastic to develop every potential source
of renewable energy. The utilization of renewable energy became topic in a lot of
seminar. In March 28, 2007, there’s seminar with theme “Technology and Utilization of
Wind Energy as New Business Opportunity” which take place in Bogor. The head of R
& D Department of “Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) / Energy and Mineral
Resources of Republic Indonesia” said that the average wind velocity in Indonesia
generally less than 5.9 m/s, and based on economically point of view it’s not suitable for
power plant, but it’s possible to use it.
Currently, there’s a 5 unit of windmill have been built and installed in Indonesia, which
can generate 80 KW.
WIND ENERGY RESOURCES ASSESSMENT
LAPAN is still continuing to map of wind energy velocity in Indonesia. Until this time,
Indonesia not yet have comprehensive map of wind energy. Average of wind energy in
Indonesia is approximately 3-5 m/s. Results of LAPAN mapping in 120 locations shows
that the velocity is greater than 5 m/s in island as follow: Nusa Tenggara Timur, Nusa
Tenggara Barat, Sulawesi Selatan and coastal area of South Java.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY MARKET
In September 2002, the government of Republic Indonesia issued a new legislation,
focus on strengthening guidance regulatory in the power sector and promoting a new
investment in power projects. The law are requires to terminate of PLN's (state
electricity firm) monopoly on electricity distribution within five years.
According to the 2002 Electricity Law, certain markets for power generation will be
opened for competition in the islands of Batam, Java, and Bali, in 2007. Retail market
competition is scheduled for 2008, where power producers will be able to sell directly to

4. their customers rather than through PT PLN. However, all companies will need to use
PLN's existing transmission network.
In regulation of President no 71-71 (year 2006), Indonesia has set a program to expand
electricity capacity. The program known as the “10,000 MW acceleration program”, and
has objectives to add 10,000 MW of new capacity by 2010.
WIND ENERGY LEGISLATION
In seminar “Technology and Utilization of Wind Energy as New Business
Opportunity”, head of sub directorate business New & Renewable Energy “Ditjen
Listrik & Pemanfaatan Energi (LPE), ESDM / Directorate of General Electricity and
Energy Utilization” said that refer to national energy policy, Indonesia should be able to
produce 250 MW electricity from wind energy power plant in 2025.
WIND ENERGY PROJECT
Operating
In last four years, one of non profit organization (LSM) has used windmill to pumping a
waters in many areas, like as in Indramayu, West Java. Up to now, approximately 40
windmills had been built in some city.
Basically, the investment (based on experienced) to install a type of these windmill is
about 60 millions rupiah (US $ 6500 – 7000). With the 3 m/s wind velocity, a system
pumped/delivered the waters with flow rates 2.7 m3/hour. This product of windmill
called as EGRA (Energi GRAtis) / free of energy.
The first of EGRA (located in Indramayu) used to irrigate 10 hectares mangoes garden.
Before using EGRA, a diesel pump which cost 132 thousands rupiah per day is used.
Meanwhile the maintenance cost is only 500 thousands rupiah per year if we used
EGRA system. This comparison show the significant benefit, concerning to utilization
of wind energy (particularly EGRA).
Planning
In year 2007, the seven units of windmill power generation with capacity 80 kW will be
built in 4 locations. Three units in Pulau Selayar, 2 units in South Sulawesi, and one unit
in Nusa Penida (Bali) and Bangka (Belitung), respectively.
The prospect of wind energy is more promising. New legislation of electricity and a lot
of support from community organization (who gives attention to renewable energy)
would increase the acceleration of utilization of wind energy program. It hopes that the
comprehensive map of wind energy would be finished soonest.
REFERENCES
1. Geography of Indonesia: www.wikipedia.org
2. Country Profiles of Indonesia: www.nationalgeographic.com
3. Listrik : Krisisnya Tak Kunjung Habis: www.wartaekonomi.com
4. Indonesia Electricity Generation Projects in 2006 – 2015 to Rescue the Energy
Crisis: http://datacon.co.id

5. 5. Pengembangan Energi Angin Memungkinkan: www.kompas.com
6. Penandatanganan Beberapa Kontrak Proyek Strategis di Bidang Ketenagalistrikan:
www.pln.co.id
7. Indonesia. www.worldatlas.com
8. Rusirawan, Dani. Wind Energy International 2005/2006. 2005. Bonn, Germany:
WWEA