3. 一、History of Pathology
Autopsy → Organ pathology (1761)
LM → Cellular pathology (1854)
Ultrastructural pathology with the application
of EM (20 century 60s)
Immunopathology, Molecular pathology,
Genetic pathology, Quantitative pathology
4. 1. The core of pathology:
The four aspects of a disease process that
form the core of pathology :
(1) Etiology: causes of the disease
(2) Pathogenesis: the mechanisms of its development
(3) Morphologic changes: the structural alteration
induced in the cells and organs of the body.
(4) Clinical significance: the functional
consequences of the morphologic changes.
二、The scope of pathology
5. 2. Classification:
(1) Human pathology
(2) Experimental pathology
3. Position:
It’s a bridging discipline involving both
basic science and clinical practice
Autopsy
Biopsy
Cytology
6. 4. Text of Pathology:
(1) General pathology:
concerned with the basic reaction of
cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli
that underlie all diseases.
(2) Systemic pathology :
dedcribe the specific responses of specialized
organs and tissues to defined stimuli.
7. 三、Techniques of Pathology
1. Human pathology
(1) Autopsy
(2) Biopsy: surgical or diagnostic pathology
(3) Cytology: smear, fine needle aspiration
2. Experimental pathology
(1) Animal experiment: animal model
(2) Tissue and cell culture
8.
9. 四、Observation and New
Technique of Morphology
(一)Gross appearance:
size, shape
weight
color
consistency
surface
edge, section
16. (六)Flow cytometry (FCM)
1. One kind of cells→quantitative
2. DNA ploidy analysis
3. Protein nucleus acid→quantitative
analysis
4. Selection of collection of cells
17.
18.
19. (七)Image analysis (IA)
Nuclei: diameter; circumference; area;
volume; morphology
(八)Laser scanning confocal
microscope (LSCM)
aliving cell→observation in situ or
development or quantitative