M. Dhivya's document discusses enriching learning through information and communication technology (ICT) and open educational resources (OER). It provides examples of students accessing lessons through mobile devices. It defines OER as learning materials that can be freely accessed, reused, revised, remixed, redistributed, and retained. Important OER initiatives in India include NPTEL, SWAYAM, and E PG Pathshala. The document also discusses the 5R principles of open publishing and steps involved in OER creation. It concludes that Indian government projects have potential to broadly educate the population through OER.

1. Name : M.Dhivya
Reg.no : 2023BED607
Batch no : III
Subject : Enriching learning through ICT

2. INTRODUCTION :
A fisherman’s child in the state of Andhra Pradesh solving a problem of
Mathematics by viewing his mobile sitting near sea when his parents are busy in
fishing, a farmer's child in Punjab listening to his lessons from the field; and a
weaver’s son in the remote village of West Bengal listening to the lecture of a
renowned Professor of English sitting in Delhi; we can go on multiplying the
examples, but what is important to remember that this is not a utopian thinking.
This to the developments in the field of
which again has been made possible through the internet which is
available almost to every Indian at a nominal cost these days, and the advent of
concepts like the Creative Common Licenses which permits the reuse and
redistribute the resources openly.

3. CONCEPT :
Open Educational Resources (OER) are learning, teaching and
research materials in any format and medium that reside in the public
domain or are under copyright that have been
released under an open license, that permit
no-cost access, re-use, re-purpose, adaptation
and redistribution by others.

4. IMPORTANCE OF OER
Exercise academic freedom:
5 Rs, Allows reuse, revision, remixing,redistribution and retaining
of materials. One can modify the OER as per hisneeds and demands and
can also share it with others without any legal issues.
Enhancing quality of learning:
Easy access to quality learning materials from reputed universities and
institutions across the globe
Is open to everyone and has no user restrictions imposed on it.
Is very affordable and can be distributed with very minimal or no cost.
Helps learners save the cost of textbooks and other print materials.

5. Ø Very feasible to use when compared to print materials and textbooks.
Ø Can be saved in the computer or mobile and thus becomes handy to use and access it.
Ø Helps in self-directed learning.
Ø As the materials can be retained with learners,they can use it at their own convenience
Ø and learn at their own pace.
Ø Reaches maximum number of people at the same time irrespective of theirlocations.
Ø Easy access for people in remote or rural areas
Ø Saves a lot of time

6. Various OER initiatives
There are several initiatives, both governmental and nongovernmental open
educational resources in India. Several YouTube videos, blogs, etc. can be seen
prepared by individuals and organisations which seem to have useful educational
resources. Here I will try to limit myself to some of the standard OER initiatives in
India.
When talking about the OER initiatives in India, the name of NPTEL comes first.
The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) was
initiated by seven Indian Institutes of Technology (Bombay, Delhi, Kanpur,
Kharagpur, Madras, Guwahati and Roorkee) along with the Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore in 2003.

7. Ø SWAYAM is a programme initiated by the Government of India and designed to achieve the
three cardinal principles of Education Policy viz., access, equity and quality.
Ø The objective of this effort is to take the best teaching-learning resources to all, including the
most disadvantaged.
Ø SWAYAM seeks to bridge the digital divide for students who have hitherto remained
untouched by the digital revolution and have not been able to join the mainstream of the
knowledge economy.
Ø This is done through a platform that facilitates hosting of all the courses, taught in classrooms
from Class nine till post-graduation to be accessed by anyone, anywhere at any time.

8. E PG PATHSALA :
Is the gateway to all the postgraduate courses, it is an initiative of the MHRD
under its National Mission on Education through ICT (NME-ICT) being executed
by the UGC.
The content and its quality being the key component of education
system, high quality, curriculum-based, interactive e-content in 70 subjects across
all disciplines of social sciences, arts, fine arts and humanities, natural &
mathematical sciences.

9. CREATIONS AN OER PRINCIPLES AND STEPS
David Wiley is one of the pioneers of OER. He and colleagues have
suggested (Hilton et al., 2010) that there are five core principles (the 5Rs) of open
publishing:
Ø Re-use: The most basic level of openness. People are allowed to use all or part of the
work for their own purposes (For example, download an educational video to watch
at a later time).
Ø Revise: People can adapt, modify, translate, or change the work (For example, take a
book written in English and turn it into a Spanish audio book).
ØRe-mix: People can take two or more existing resources and combine them to create a
new resource (For example, take audio lectures from one course and combine them
with slides from another course to create a new derivative work).
ØRetain: No digital rights management restrictions (DRM); the content is yours to keep,
whether you’re the author, an instructor using the material, or a student.

10. OER CREATION STEPS INVOLED

11. CONCLUSION
The Government of India had realized the potential of OER and
hence had developed several massive projects, though the
projects are at the nascent stage, the time will come
when it brings the change and the whole population will be
educated and get benefited by it