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Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide 1-1
1
Chapter
Bentley HAMMER V8i
Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER V8i
Quick Start Lessons
Understanding the Workspace
Creating Models
Using ModelBuilder to Transfer Existing Data
Applying Elevation Data with TRex
Allocating Demands using LoadBuilder
Reducing Model Complexity with Skelebrator
Scenarios and Alternatives
Modeling Capabilities
Presenting Your Results
Importing and Exporting Data
Technical Reference
Bentley HAMMER V8i Theory and Practice
Menus
Element Properties Reference
Technical Information Resources
Glossary
1-2 Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-i
Contents
Chapter 1: Bentley HAMMER V8i 1
Chapter 1: Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER V8i 1
What’s New in Bentley HAMMER?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1
What is Bentley HAMMER? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2
Capabilities of Bentley HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2
Municipal License Administrator Auto-Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Starting Bentley HAMMER V8i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Working with Bentley HAMMER Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4
Exiting Bentley HAMMER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6
Using Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6
Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10
Checking Your Current Registration Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11
Application Window Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11
Standard Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-12
Edit Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14
Analysis Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-15
Scenarios Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-16
Compute Toolbar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-17
View Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-19
Help Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-20
Layout Toolbar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-21
Tools Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-25
Zoom Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-28
Customizing Bentley HAMMER Toolbars and Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-31
Bentley HAMMER Dynamic Manager Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-32
WaterObjects Help for Model Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-37
Chapter 2: Quick Start Lessons 43
Lesson 1: Pipeline Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-44
Part 1—Creating or Importing a Steady-State Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-45
CREATING A MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-45
Table of Contents-ii Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
Part 2—Selecting the Transient Events to Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52
Part 3—Configuring the Bentley HAMMER Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-53
Part 4—Performing a Transient Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-56
ANALYSIS WITHOUT SURGE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-57
Reviewing your Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-59
ANALYSIS WITH SURGE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-60
Part 5—Animating Transient Results at Points and along Profiles . . . . . . . . 2-62
Part 6—Viewing Time History Graphs in Bentley HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-63
Lesson 2: Network Risk Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-66
Part 1—Importing and Verifying the Initial Steady-States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-66
Part 2—Selecting the Key Transient Events to Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-70
Part 3—Performing a Transient Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-70
ANALYSIS WITHOUT SURGE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-70
ANALYSIS WITH SURGE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-74
Part 4—Color-Coding Maps, Profiles, and Point Histories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-80
Chapter 3: Understanding the Workspace 87
Stand-Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-87
The Drawing View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-87
PANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-87
ZOOMING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-88
Zoom Dependent Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-91
DRAWING STYLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-93
Using Aerial View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-94
Using Background Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-95
IMAGE PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-102
SHAPEFILE PROPERTIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-104
DXF PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-105
Show Flow Arrows (Stand-Alone) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-106
MicroStation Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-106
Getting Started in the MicroStation environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-107
The MicroStation Environment Graphical Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-109
MicroStation Project Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-111
SAVING YOUR PROJECT IN MICROSTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-111
Bentley HAMMER V8i Element Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-112
ELEMENT PROPERTIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-112
ELEMENT LEVELS DIALOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113
TEXT STYLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113
View Associations (MicroStation Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113
Working with Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-115
EDIT ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-115
DELETING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116
MODIFYING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116
CONTEXT MENU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116
Working with Elements Using MicroStation Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116
BENTLEY HAMMER V8I CUSTOM MICROSTATION ENTITIES . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116
MICROSTATION COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-117
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-iii
MOVING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-117
MOVING ELEMENT LABELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-117
SNAP MENU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-118
BACKGROUND FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-118
IMPORT BENTLEY HAMMER V8I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-118
ANNOTATION DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-118
MULTIPLE MODELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-118
Native Format Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-119
Working in AutoCAD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-119
The AutoCAD Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-120
AUTOCAD INTEGRATION WITH BENTLEY HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-120
GETTING STARTED WITHIN AUTOCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-121
MENUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-121
DRAWING SETUP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-122
SYMBOL VISIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-122
AUTOCAD PROJECT FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-122
DRAWING SYNCHRONIZATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-123
SAVING THE DRAWING AS DRAWING*.DWG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-124
Working with Elements Using AutoCAD Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-124
BENTLEY HAMMER CUSTOM AUTOCAD ENTITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-125
EXPLODE ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-125
MOVING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-126
MOVING ELEMENT LABELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-126
SNAP MENU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-126
POLYGON ELEMENT VISIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-126
UNDO/REDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-126
CONTOUR LABELING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-127
Working in ArcGIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-128
ArcGIS Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-129
ARCGIS INTEGRATION WITH BENTLEY HAMMER V8I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-130
Registering and Unregistering Bentley HAMMER V8i with ArcGIS. . . . . . . .3-130
ArcGIS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-130
Using ArcCatalog with a Bentley HAMMER V8i Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-131
ARCCATALOG GEODATABASE COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-131
The Bentley HAMMER V8i ArcMap Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-131
GETTING STARTED WITH THE ARCMAP CLIENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-131
MANAGING PROJECTS IN ARCMAP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-132
ATTACH GEODATABASE DIALOG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-134
LAYING OUT A MODEL IN THE ARCMAP CLIENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-135
USING GEOTABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-135
BENTLEY HAMMER RENDERER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-136
SHOW FLOW ARROWS (ARCGIS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-136
LAYER SYMBOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-137
Multiple Client Access to Bentley HAMMER Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-137
Synchronizing the GEMS Datastore and the Geodatabase . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-137
Rollbacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-138
Adding New Bentley HAMMER V8i Nodes To An Existing Model In ArcMAP. . .3-
138
Table of Contents-iv Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
Adding New Bentley HAMMER V8i Pipes To An Existing Model In ArcMAP 3-139
Creating Backups of Your ArcGIS Bentley HAMMER Project . . . . . . . . . . . 3-140
Google Earth Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-140
Google Earth Export from the MicroStation Platform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-141
Google Earth Export from ArcGIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-143
Using a Google Earth View as a Background Layer to Draw a Model. . . . . 3-145
Chapter 4: Creating Models 151
Starting a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-151
Bentley HAMMER V8i Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-152
Database Format Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-153
Setting Project Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-154
Setting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-155
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - GLOBAL TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-156
Stored Prompt Responses Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-160
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - PROJECT TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-161
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - DRAWING TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-163
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - UNITS TAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-165
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - LABELING TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-168
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - PROJECTWISE TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-169
Working with ProjectWise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-170
SETTING UP PROJECTWISE INTEGRATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-176
ABOUT PROJECTWISE GEOSPATIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-177
Maintaining Project Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-178
Setting the Project Spatial Reference System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-178
Interaction with ProjectWise Explorer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-179
Elements and Element Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-181
Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-182
MINOR LOSSES DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-184
MINOR LOSS COEFFICIENTS DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-186
WAVE SPEED CALCULATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-188
Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-193
DEMAND COLLECTION DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-194
UNIT DEMAND COLLECTION DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-194
EXPORT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-195
Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-196
HYDRANT LATERAL LOSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-196
Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-196
Reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-200
Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-201
PUMP DEFINITIONS DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-202
Efficiency Points Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-211
PUMP CURVE DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-211
FLOW-EFFICIENCY CURVE DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-212
SPEED-EFFICIENCY CURVE DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-213
PUMP AND MOTOR INERTIA CALCULATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-213
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-214
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-v
PUMP FUNDAMENTALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-215
Pump Inertia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-217
Specific Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-218
First-Quadrant and Four-Quadrant Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-220
Variable-Speed Pumps (VSP or VFD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-221
PUMP CURVE DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-222
Variable Speed Pump Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-225
Pump Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-226
PUMPS DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-228
POLYGON VERTICES DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-229
Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-229
DEFINING VALVE CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-234
Valve Characteristics Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-234
Valve Characteristic Curve Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-236
GENERAL NOTE ABOUT LOSS COEFFICIENTS ON VALVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-237
MODULATING CONTROL VALVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-238
Spot Elevations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-239
Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-239
IMPULSE TURBINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-241
REACTION TURBINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-242
MODELING HYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS IN HYDROPOWER PLANTS . . . . . . . . . .4-244
TURBINE PARAMETERS IN HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-248
TURBINE CURVE DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-249
Periodic Head-Flow Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-250
PERIODIC HEAD-FLOW PATTERN DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-251
Air Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-251
DETERMINING THE TYPE OF AIR VALVE TO USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-254
AIR FLOW CURVES DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-257
AIR FLOW-PRESSURE CURVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-258
Hydropneumatic Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-259
INITIAL CONDITIONS ATTRIBUTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-264
GAS LAW VS. CONSTANT AREA APPROXIMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-266
TRANSIENT SIMULATION ATTRIBUTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-266
TRACKING THE AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-270
VARIABLE ELEVATION CURVE DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-271
Surge Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-272
Check Valves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-273
Rupture Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-274
Discharge to Atmosphere Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-274
Orifice Between Pipes Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-276
Valve with Linear Area Change Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-277
Surge Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-277
Protective Equipment Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-282
Other Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-284
BORDER TOOL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-285
TEXT TOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-285
LINE TOOL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-286
Pump and Turbine Characteristics in Bentley HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-286
Table of Contents-vi Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
How The Pressure Engine Loads Bentley HAMMER Elements . . . . . . . . . 4-299
Adding Elements to Your Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-300
Manipulating Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-301
Select, Move, and Delete Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-302
Splitting Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-304
Reconnect Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-305
Modeling Curved Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-305
POLYLINE VERTICES DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-306
Assign Isolation Valves to Pipes Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-306
Batch Pipe Split Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-308
BATCH PIPE SPLIT WORKFLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-309
Batch Morph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-310
Merge Nodes in Close Proximity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-311
Select Adjacent Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-312
Editing Element Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-312
Property Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-312
LABELING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-315
RELABELING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-315
SET FIELD OPTIONS DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-315
Date/Time Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-316
Using Named Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-317
Using Selection Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-319
Selection Sets Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-320
Group-Level Operations on Selection Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-325
Using the Network Navigator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-326
Using the Duplicate Labels Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-332
Using the Pressure Zone Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-333
Pressure Zone Export Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-343
Pressure Zone Flow Balance Tool Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-344
Using Prototypes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-345
Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-349
Engineering Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-351
Transient Valve Curve Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-355
Transient Pump Curve Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-356
Transient Turbine Curve Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-357
Valve Relative Closure Curve Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-358
Hyperlinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-358
Using Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-366
Queries Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-366
QUERY PARAMETERS DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-369
Creating Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-370
USING THE LIKE OPERATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-376
User Data Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-376
User Data Extensions Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-379
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-vii
Sharing User Data Extensions Among Element Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-383
Shared Field Specification Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-384
Enumeration Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-385
User Data Extensions Import Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-386
Formula Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-386
Property Grid Customizations Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-388
Customization Editor Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-389
Tooltip Customization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-390
Tooltip Customization Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-391
i-Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-391
Publishing an i-model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-392
Viewing an i-model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-395
Chapter 5: Using ModelBuilder to Transfer Existing Data
399
Preparing to Use ModelBuilder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-399
ModelBuilder Connections Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-402
Specify Datasource Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-406
Microsoft Access Database Engine Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-406
ModelBuilder Wizard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-407
Step 1—Specify Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-408
Step 2—Specify Spatial Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-410
Step 3 - Specify Element Create/Remove/Update Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-412
Step 4—Additional Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-414
Step 5—Specify Field mappings for each Table/Feature Class . . . . . . . . . .5-417
Step 6—Build operation Confirmation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-421
Reviewing Your Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-422
Multi-select Data Source Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-422
ModelBuilder Warnings and Error Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-423
ModelBuilder Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-423
ModelBuilder Error Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-424
ESRI ArcGIS Geodatabase Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-425
Geodatabase Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-425
Geometric Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-426
ArcGIS Geodatabase Features versus ArcGIS Geometric Network. . . . . . .5-426
Subtypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-427
SDE (Spatial Database Engine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-427
Specifying Network Connectivity in ModelBuilder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-427
Sample Spreadsheet Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-429
The GIS-ID Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-430
Table of Contents-viii Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
GIS-ID Collection Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-431
Specifying a SQL WHERE clause in ModelBuilder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-432
Modelbuilder Import Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-432
Importing Pump Definitions Using ModelBuilder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-433
Using ModelBuilder to Import Pump Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-438
Using ModelBuilder to Import Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-442
Using ModelBuilder to Import Time Series Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-446
Oracle as a Data Source for ModelBuilder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-452
Oracle/ArcSDE Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-453
Chapter 6: Applying Elevation Data with TRex 455
The Importance of Accurate Elevation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-455
Numerical Value of Elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-456
Accuracy and Precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-457
Obtaining Elevation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-457
Record Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-459
Calibration Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-460
TRex Terrain Extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-460
TRex Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-462
TRex Supported Terrain Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-467
Chapter 7: Allocating Demands using LoadBuilder 469
Using GIS for Demand Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-469
Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-470
Billing Meter Aggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-472
Distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-473
Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-475
Using LoadBuilder to Assign Loading Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-476
LoadBuilder Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-476
LoadBuilder Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-477
LoadBuilder Run Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-489
Unit Line Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-489
Generating Thiessen Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-491
Thiessen Polygon Creator Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-494
Creating Boundary Polygon Feature Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-496
Demand Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-497
Apply Demand and Pattern to Selection Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-500
Unit Demands Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-502
Unit Demand Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-505
Pressure Dependent Demands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-507
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-ix
Piecewise Linear Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-513
Chapter 8: Reducing Model Complexity with Skelebrator
515
Skeletonization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-516
Skeletonization Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-517
Common Automated Skeletonization Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-519
Generic—Data Scrubbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-519
Generic—Branch Trimming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-519
Generic—Series Pipe Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-520
Skeletonization Using Skelebrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-521
Skelebrator—Smart Pipe Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-521
Skelebrator—Branch Collapsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-522
Skelebrator—Series Pipe Merging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-523
Skelebrator—Parallel Pipe Merging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-525
Skelebrator—Inline Isolation Valve Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-526
Skelebrator—Other Skelebrator Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-527
Skelebrator—Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-528
Using the Skelebrator Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-529
Skeletonizer Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-530
BATCH RUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-534
PROTECTED ELEMENTS MANAGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-536
Selecting Elements from Skelebrator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-536
Manual Skeletonization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-539
Branch Collapsing Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-542
Parallel Pipe Merging Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-544
Series Pipe Merging Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-546
Smart Pipe Removal Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-550
Inline Isolating Valve Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-552
Conditions and Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-553
PIPE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-554
JUNCTION CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-555
Skelebrator Progress Summary Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-556
Backing Up Your Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-556
Skeletonization and Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-557
Importing/Exporting Skelebrator Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-558
Skeletonization and Active Topology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-559
Chapter 9: Scenarios and Alternatives 561
Understanding Scenarios and Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-561
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advantages of Automated Scenario Management9-561
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A History of What-If Analyses9-562
Distributed Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-562
Self-Contained Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-563
Table of Contents-x Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Scenario Cycle9-564
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Scenario Attributes and Alternatives9-565
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A Familiar Parallel9-565
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inheritance9-566
OVERRIDING INHERITANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-567
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DYNAMIC INHERITANCE9-567
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local and Inherited Values9-568
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimizing Effort through Attribute Inheritance9-568
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Minimizing Effort through Scenario Inheritance9-569
Scenario Example - A Water Distribution System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-570
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building the Model (Average Day Conditions)9-570
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analyzing Different Demands (Maximum Day Conditions)9-571
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Another Set of Demands (Peak Hour Conditions)9-572
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Correcting an Error9-572
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analyzing Improvement Suggestions9-573
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Finalizing the Project9-573
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Scenarios9-574
Scenarios Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-575
Base and Child Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-577
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating Scenarios9-577
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITING SCENARIOS9-578
Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-579
Alternatives Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-580
Alternative Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-582
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Base and Child Alternatives9-583
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating Alternatives9-584
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Editing Alternatives9-584
Active Topology Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-586
Physical Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-590
Demand Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-594
Initial Settings Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-595
Operational Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-599
Age Alternatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-602
Constituent Alternatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-605
CONSTITUENTS MANAGER DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-609
Trace Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-610
Fire Flow Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-613
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FILTER DIALOG BOX9-618
Energy Cost Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-619
Pressure Dependent Demand Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-622
Transient Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-625
Failure History Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-629
User Data Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-630
Scenario Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-633
Scenario Comparison Options Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-636
Scenario Comparison Collection Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-636
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xi
Chapter 10: Modeling Capabilities 637
Model and Optimize a Distribution System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-637
Steady-State/Extended Period Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-638
Steady-State Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-639
Extended Period Simulation (EPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-639
Hydraulic Transient Pressure Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-640
Rigid-Column Simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-641
Data Requirements and Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-642
Analysis of Transient Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-643
Infrastructure and Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-645
Water Column Separation and Vapor Pockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-645
GLOBAL ADJUSTMENT TO VAPOR PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-646
GLOBAL ADJUSTMENT TO WAVE SPEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-646
WAVE SPEED REDUCTION FACTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-647
AUTOMATIC OR DIRECT SELECTION OF THE TIME STEP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-649
Validate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-649
Orifice Demand and Intrusion Potential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-650
Numerical Model Calibration and Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-651
GATHERING FIELD MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-653
TIMING AND SHAPE OF TRANSIENT PRESSURE PULSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-653
Application of HAMMER to Typical Problems - Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-654
How Valve Discharge Coefficient Values are Exported to the HAMMER Engine .
10-656
Calculate Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-657
Copy Initial Conditions Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-659
Selection of the Time Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-660
Using a User-Defined Time Step. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-661
Transient Time Step Options Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-662
Global Demand and Roughness Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-663
Check Data/Validate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-665
User Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-666
User Notification Details Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-670
Post Calculation Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-671
Flow Emitters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-672
Parallel VSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-673
Calculation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-674
Controlling Results Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-681
Flow Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-683
Determining the Transient Run Duration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-684
Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-685
Selecting the Transient Friction Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-686
Engine Compatibility Calculation Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-687
Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-691
Table of Contents-xii Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
Pattern Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-692
Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-696
Controls Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-698
Conditions Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-702
Actions Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-709
Control Sets Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-713
LOGICAL CONTROL SETS DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-714
Control Wizard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-715
Active Topology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-716
Active Topology Selection Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-717
External Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-719
Modeling Tips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-721
Modeling a Pumped Groundwater Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-721
Modeling Parallel Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-722
Modeling Pumps in Parallel and Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-723
Modeling Hydraulically Close Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-724
Modeling Fire Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-724
Modeling a Connection to an Existing Water Main . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-724
Top Feed/Bottom Gravity Discharge Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-726
Estimating Hydrant Discharge Using Flow Emitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-727
Modeling Variable Speed Pumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-729
TYPES OF VARIABLE SPEED PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-730
PATTERN BASED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-730
FIXED HEAD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-730
CONTROLS WITH FIXED HEAD OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-731
PARALLEL VSPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-732
VSP CONTROLLED BY DISCHARGE SIDE TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-732
VSP CONTROLLED BY SUCTION SIDE TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-733
FIXED FLOW VSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-734
Chapter 11: Presenting Your Results 735
Transient Results Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-735
Using the Java Transient Results Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-737
Format Graph Shortcut Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-738
Transients Results Viewer Dialog (New) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-741
Profiles Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-741
TRANSIENT PROFILE VIEWER DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-742
Transient Profile Viewer Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-744
Time Histories Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-745
TRANSIENT RESULTS GRAPH VIEWER DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-746
Annotating Your Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-747
Using Folders in the Element Symbology Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-751
Annotation Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-754
FREE FORM ANNOTATION DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-755
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xiii
SYMBOLOGY DEFINITIONS MANAGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-756
Color Coding A Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-757
Color Coding Legends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-761
Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-762
Contour Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-764
Contour Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-767
Contour Browser Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-767
Enhanced Pressure Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-768
Using Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-768
Profile Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-770
Profile Series Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-774
Profile Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-775
Viewing and Editing Data in FlexTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-783
FlexTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-784
Working with FlexTable Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-788
FlexTable Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-789
Opening FlexTables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-791
Creating a New FlexTable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-791
Deleting FlexTables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-792
Naming and Renaming FlexTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-792
Editing FlexTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-793
Sorting and Filtering FlexTable Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-796
CUSTOM SORT DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-799
Customizing Your FlexTable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-800
Element Relabeling Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-801
FlexTable Setup Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-802
Copying, Exporting, and Printing FlexTable Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-804
Statistics Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-806
Using Sparklines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-806
SPARKLINE SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-807
Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-807
Using Standard Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808
REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808
CREATING A SCENARIO SUMMARY REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808
CREATING A PROJECT INVENTORY REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808
CREATING A PRESSURE PIPE INVENTORY REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808
REPORT OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808
Results Table Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-810
Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-811
Graph Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-811
ADD TO GRAPH DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-813
Printing a Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-813
Working with Graph Data: Viewing and Copying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-813
Graph Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-814
GRAPH SERIES OPTIONS DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-819
OBSERVED DATA DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-820
Table of Contents-xiv Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
Sample Observed Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-821
Chart Options Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-823
Chart Options Dialog Box - Chart Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-824
SERIES TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-824
PANEL TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-825
AXES TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-828
GENERAL TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-834
TITLES TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-835
WALLS TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-840
PAGING TAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-841
LEGEND TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-842
3D TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-848
Chart Options Dialog Box - Series Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-849
FORMAT TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-849
POINT TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-850
GENERAL TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-851
DATA SOURCE TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-852
MARKS TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-853
Chart Options Dialog Box - Tools Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-857
Chart Options Dialog Box - Export Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-858
Chart Options Dialog Box - Print Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-860
Border Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-861
Gradient Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-862
Color Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-863
Color Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-863
Hatch Brush Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-864
HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - SOLID TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-864
HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - HATCH TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-865
HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - GRADIENT TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-865
HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - IMAGE TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-866
Pointer Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-867
Change Series Title Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-868
Chart Tools Gallery Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-868
CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - SERIES TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-868
CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - AXIS TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-872
CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - OTHER TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-875
TeeChart Gallery Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-880
SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-880
FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-881
Customizing a Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-881
Time Series Field Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-886
SELECT ASSOCIATED MODELING ATTRIBUTE DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . 11-889
Calculation Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-890
Calculation Summary Graph Series Options Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-891
Transient Calculation Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-892
Summary Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-893
Initial Conditions Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-893
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xv
Extreme Pressure and Heads Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-893
RResults Table Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-894
Print Preview Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-894
Transient Thematic Viewer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-897
Print Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-898
Chapter 12: Importing and Exporting Data 901
Moving Data and Images between Model(s) and other Files . . . . . . . . . . .12-901
Importing a Bentley HAMMER Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-903
Exporting a HAMMER v7 Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-903
Importing and Exporting EPANET Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-904
Importing and Exporting Submodel Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-904
Exporting a Submodel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-905
Exporting a DXF File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-907
File Upgrade Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-908
Export to Shapefile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-908
Chapter 13: Technical Reference 911
Pressure Network Hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-911
Network Hydraulics Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-911
The Energy Principle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-912
The Energy Equation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-913
Hydraulic and Energy Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-914
Conservation of Mass and Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-915
The Gradient Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-916
Derivation of the Gradient Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-916
The Linear System Equation Solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-919
Pump Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-920
Valve Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-923
CHECK VALVES (CVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-923
FLOW CONTROL VALVES (FCVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924
PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES (PRVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924
PRESSURE SUSTAINING VALVES (PSVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924
PRESSURE BREAKER VALVES (PBVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924
THROTTLE CONTROL VALVES (TCVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924
GENERAL PURPOSE VALVES (GPVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924
Friction and Minor Loss Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-925
Chezy’s Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-925
Colebrook-White Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-925
Hazen-Williams Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-926
Darcy-Weisbach Equation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-927
Swamee and Jain Equation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-928
Table of Contents-xvi Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
Manning’s Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-928
Minor Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-929
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-930
Engineer’s Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-930
Roughness Values—Manning’s Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-930
Roughness Values—Darcy-Weisbach Equation (Colebrook-White) . . . . . 13-931
Roughness Values—Hazen-Williams Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-932
Typical Roughness Values for Pressure Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-933
Fitting Loss Coefficients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-934
Variable Speed Pump Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-935
VSP Interactions with Simple and Logical Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-938
Performing Advanced Analyses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-939
Hydraulic Equivalency Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-939
Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-940
HAZEN-WILLIAMS EQUATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-940
MANNING’S EQUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-941
DARCY-WEISBACH EQUATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-942
CHECK VALVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-944
MINOR LOSSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-944
NUMERICAL CHECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-945
Thiessen Polygon Generation Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-946
Naïve Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-946
Plane Sweep Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-947
Method for Modeling Pressure Dependent Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-948
Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-949
Supply Level Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-950
Pressure Dependent Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-950
Demand Deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-951
Solution Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-952
Modified GGA Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-953
Direct GGA Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-953
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-954
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-958
Chapter 14: Bentley HAMMER V8i Theory and Practice 959
Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-960
Overview of Hydraulic Transients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-961
History of Solution Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-962
Causes of Transient Initiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-964
Impacts of Transients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-967
Design of Protective Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-970
Hydraulic Transient Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-970
Conservation of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-971
Governing Equations for Steady-State Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-972
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xvii
CONSERVATION OF MASS AT STEADY STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-974
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AT STEADY STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-974
Governing Equations for Unsteady (or Transient) Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-975
CONTINUITY EQUATION FOR UNSTEADY FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-975
MOMENTUM EQUATION FOR UNSTEADY FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-976
METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS (MOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-977
Rigid Column Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-980
Rigid Column versus Elastic Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-982
Elastic Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-984
Water System Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-985
Celerity and Pipe Elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-985
Wave Propagation and Characteristic Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-989
Wave Reflection and Transmission in Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-990
Type of Networks and Pumping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-992
Putting It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-994
Pump Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-995
Pump Characteristics and Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-996
SPECIFIC SPEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-999
Variable-Speed Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1000
Constant-Horsepower Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1001
Valve Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1002
Valve Selection and Sizing Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1003
Typical Valve Bodies and Pistons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1005
Closing Characteristics of Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1006
Flow-Decreasing Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1009
Air Valve Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1009
Extended CAV Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1013
Friction and Minor Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1016
Steady State / Extended Period Simulation Friction Methods . . . . . . . . . .14-1016
HAZEN-WILLIAMS EQUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1017
DARCY-WEISBACH EQUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1017
MANNING’S EQUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1019
Transient Analysis Friction Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1020
STEADY FRICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1020
QUASI-STEADY FRICTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1021
UNSTEADY OR TRANSIENT FRICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1022
Minor Losses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1025
Cavitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1026
Time Step and Computational Reach Length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1029
TURBINE SIMULATION IN HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1031
Four-quadrant Characteristics of Turbomachinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1031
Numerical Representation of Hydroelectric Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1032
Transient Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1034
Developing a Surge-Control Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1037
Piping System Design and Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1039
Table of Contents-xviii Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
Protection Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1040
Approaches to Surge Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1042
SYSTEM-IMPROVEMENT METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1045
FLOW-SUPPLEMENT APPROACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1045
TWO-WAY SURGE TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1046
ONE-WAY SURGE TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1049
GAS VESSEL OR AIR CHAMBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1049
INCREASE OF INERTIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1052
Pump Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1052
CHECK VALVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1053
BOOSTER PUMP BYPASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1053
Surge-Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1055
Operation and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1062
Engineer’s Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1064
Roughness Values—Manning’s Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1065
Roughness Values—Darcy-Weisbach Equation (Colebrook-White) . . . . 14-1066
Roughness Values—Hazen-Williams Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1067
Typical Roughness Values for Pressure Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1068
Fitting Loss Coefficients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1069
Properties of Common Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1070
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1072
Chapter 15: Menus 1079
File Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1079
Edit Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1082
Analysis Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1082
Components Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1084
View Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1085
Tools Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1087
Report Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1090
Help Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1090
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1091
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xix
Chapter 16: Element Properties Reference 1093
Edit Element Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1094
Pipe Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1094
Junction Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1100
Hydrant Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1105
Tank Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1109
Reservoir Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1113
Periodic Head-Flow Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1115
Pump Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1117
Pump Station Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1121
Variable Speed Pump Battery Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1123
Turbine Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1128
Valve Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1130
Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1130
Pressure Breaker Valve (PBV) Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1136
Flow Control Vale (FCV) Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1138
Throttle Control Valve (TCV) Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1141
General Purpose Valve (GPV) Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1144
Valve With Linear Area Change Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1146
Check Valve Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1147
Orifice Between Pipes Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1149
Discharge To Atmosphere Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1151
Surge Tank Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1152
Hydropneumatic Tank Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1156
Air Valve Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1160
Surge Valve Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1162
Rupture Disk Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1164
Isolation Valve Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1165
Spot Elevation Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1166
Table of Contents-xx Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
Chapter 17: Technical Information Resources 1169
docs.bentley.com. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1170
Bentley Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1171
Bentley Discussion Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1172
Bentley on the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1172
TechNotes/Frequently Asked Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1172
BE Magazine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1172
BE Newsletter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1173
Client Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1173
BE Careers Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1173
Contact Bentley Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1173
Chapter 18: Glossary 1177
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1177
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1177
B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1177
C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1178
D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1179
E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1180
F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1180
G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1181
H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1182
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1182
L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1183
M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1183
N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1185
O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1185
P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1186
R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1187
S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1187
T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1189
V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1189
W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1190
X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1191
Index 1193
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xxi
Table of Contents-xxii Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide 1-1
1
Getting Started in
Bentley HAMMER V8i
What is Bentley HAMMER?
Municipal License Administrator Auto-Configuration
Starting Bentley HAMMER V8i
Working with Bentley HAMMER Files
Exiting Bentley HAMMER
Using Online Help
Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECT
Troubleshooting
Checking Your Current Registration Status
Application Window Layout
What’s New in Bentley HAMMER?
New and upgraded features in Bentley HAMMER SELECTseries 4 include:
• New database file format as .sqlite replacing .sqlite
• Sparkline display of EPS results
• Batch morph
• Filtering on property grid
• Numerous other enhancements
What is Bentley HAMMER?
1-2 Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
Note: Bentley HAMMER can open and import files from earlier
versions but files created with this version are not backward
compatible to earlier versions.
What is Bentley HAMMER?
Bentley HAMMER is a powerful yet easy-to-use program that helps engineers
analyze complex pumping systems and piping networks as they transition from one
steady state to another. Hydraulic transients only last from seconds to a few minutes,
but they can damage a system or cause significant operational difficulties. For
example, Bentley HAMMER's name is due to the loud "water hammer" knocking
sound that can be heard when sudden hydraulic transients occur. Bentley HAMMER
helps engineers understand their pumping and piping networks better, enabling them
to design safe and economical surge-control systems.
Bentley HAMMER is based on technology originally created by GENIVAR (formerly
Environmental Hydraulics Group Inc.), the water Bentley HAMMER specialists, and
backed by a long-term collaboration between GENIVAR and Bentley. Bentley and
GENIVAR are committed to continuously improving Bentley HAMMER.
Capabilities of Bentley HAMMER
Bentley HAMMER's graphical interface makes it easy to quickly lay out a complex
network of pipes, tanks, pumps, and surge control equipment. You can also use
FlexTables or preset libraries to rapidly copy model parameters. If you already have a
steady-state model of your system in WaterCAD or WaterGEMS, Bentley HAMMER
can use that model file directly - saving you time and eliminating transcription errors.
You can use Bentley HAMMER to:
• Reduce the risk of transient-related damage to maximize operator safety and
reduce the frequency of service interruptions to customers.
• Reduce daily wear and tear on pumping and piping systems to maximize the
useful life of infrastructure.
• Reduce the risk of water contamination during subatmospheric transient pres-
sures, during which groundwater and pollutants could be sucked into the pipe.
Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER V8i
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide 1-3
• Reduce the number and severity of transient forces resulting from transient pres-
sure shocks, where applicable. Transient forces and pressures can loosen joints or
grow cracks, increasing leaks and non-revenue water.
• Analyze hydropower systems complete with characteristic turbine representations
to simulate load rejection, acceptance and variation cases.
• Prepare operation checklists for use in emergencies such as power failures, pipe
breaks, and component (valve, pump) and/or control failures.
• Develop standards to ensure major water users do not damage the water system.
Information can be provided to industries to avoid sudden water takings or load
rejection. Safe speeds to open or close fire hydrants can be provided to the fire and
waterworks department.
• Provide additional information (with respect to steady-state models) to help select
pumps, locate elevated tanks, and size air valves.
Tip: Usually, hydraulic systems operate at a steady state of dynamic
equilibrium and changes in flow take minutes to hours. "Normal"
hydraulic transients may occur several times a day as pumps
start or stop. "Emergency" transients may only occur once every
month, year, or decade when power fails or pipes break.
Hydraulic transients and surge-protection needs must be
considered in the context of a water utility's risk management
and environmental protection plan.
Municipal License Administrator Auto-
Configuration
At the conclusion of the installation process, the Municipal License Administrator will
be executed, to automatically detect and set the default configuration for your product,
if possible. However, if multiple license configurations are detected on the license
server, you will need to select which one to use by default, each time the product
starts. If this is the case, you will see the following warning: “Multiple license config-
urations are available for Bentley HAMMER...” Simply press OK to clear the
Warning dialog, then press Refresh Configurations to display the list of available
configurations. Select one and press Make Default, then exit the License Adminis-
trator. (You only need to repeat this step if you decide to make a different configura-
tion the default in the future.)
Starting Bentley HAMMER V8i
After you have finished installing Bentley HAMMER, restart your system before
starting Bentley HAMMER for the first time.
Working with Bentley HAMMER Files
1-4 Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
To start Bentley HAMMER
1. Double-click on the Bentley HAMMER icon on your desktop.
or
2. Click Start > All Programs > Bentley > Bentley HAMMER > Bentley HAMMER.
Working with Bentley HAMMER Files
Bentley HAMMER uses an assortment of data, input, and output files. It is important
to understand which are essential, which are temporary holding places for results and
which must be transmitted when sending a model to another user. In general, the
model is contained in a file with the wtg.sqlite extension. This file contains essentially
all of the information needed to run the model. This file can be zipped to dramatically
reduce its size for moving the file.
The .wtg file and the drawing file (.dwh, dgn, dwg or .sqlite) file contain user
supplied data that makes it easier to view the model and should also be zipped and
transmitted with the model when moving the model.
Other files found with the model are results files. These can be regenerated by running
the model again. In general these are binary files which can only be read by the model.
Saving these files makes it easy to look at results without the need to rerun the model.
Because they can be easily regenerated, these files can be deleted to save space on the
storage media.
When archiving a model at the end of the study, usually only the *.wtg.sqlite, *.wtg
files, and the platform specific supporting files (*.dwh, *.dgn, *.dwg or *.sqlite) need
to be saved.The file extensions are explained below:
• .bak - backup files of the model files
• .cri - results of criticality analysis
• .dgn - drawing file for MicroStation platform
• .dwg - drawing file for AutoCAD platform
• .dwh - drawing file for stand alone platform
• .sqlite - access database file for ArcGIS platform
• .nrg - results of energy calculations
• .osm - outage segmentation results
• .out - primary output file from hydraulic and water quality analyses
• .out.fl - output file from flushing analysis
Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER V8i
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide 1-5
• .rpc - report file from hydraulic analysis with user notifications
• .seg - results of segmentation analysis
• wtg.sqlite - main model file
• .wtg - display settings (e.g. color coding, annotation)
• .xml - xml files, generally libraries, window and other settings. Some modules
like ModelBuilder also use .xml files to store settings independent of the main
model.
• .hof - results of transient analysis used by the transient results viewer
• .hmr - results of transient analysis
• .hut - transient analysis output log
• .rpt - transient analysis detailed report file
Using the Custom Results File Path Option
When the Specify Custom Results File Path option (found under Tools > Options >
Project Tab) is on for the project, the result files will be stored in the custom path spec-
ified when the project is closed. When the project is open, all of the applicable result
files (if any) will be moved (not copied) to the temporary directory to be worked on.
The result files will then be moved back to the custom directory when the project is
closed.
The advantages of this are that moving a file on disk is very quick, as opposed to
copying a file, which can be very slow. Also, if you have your project stored on a
network drive and you specify a custom results path on your local disk, then you will
avoid network transfer times as well. The disadvantages are that, should the program
crash or the project somehow doesn’t close properly, then the results files will not be
moved back and will be lost.
If you then wish to share these results files with another user of the model, you can use
the Copy Results To Project Directory command (Tools > Database Utilities > Copy
Results To Project Directory) to copy the results files to the saved location of the
model. The user receiving the files may then use the Update Results From Project
Directory command (Tools > Database Utilities > Update Results From Project Direc-
tory) to copy the results files from the project directory to their custom results file
path.
Drag-and-drop File Open
You can open model files by simply dragging them (from Windows Explorer, for
example) into the application window (stand alone version only). You can drag either
the .wtg or the .sqlite associated with the model.
Exiting Bentley HAMMER
1-6 Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
You can drag multiple files into the application at once. All files must be of a valid
type (.wtg or .sqlite) for this to work.
Exiting Bentley HAMMER
To exit Bentley HAMMER
1. Click the application window's Close icon.
or
From the File menu, choose Exit.
Note: If you have made changes to the project file without saving, the
following dialog box will open. Click Yes to save before exiting, No to
exit without saving, or Cancel to stop the operation.
Using Online Help
Bentley HAMMER Help menu and Help window are used to access Bentley
HAMMER extensive online help.
Context-sensitive online help is available. Hypertext links, which appear in
color and are underlined when you pass the pointer over them, allow you to
move easily between related topics.
Note: Certain Windows DLLs must be present on your computer in order to
use Online Help. Make sure you have Microsoft Internet Explorer
(Version 5.5 or greater) installed. You do not need to change your
default browser as long as Internet Explorer is installed.
To open the Help window
1. From the Help menu, choose Bentley HAMMER Help.
The Help window opens, and the Table of Contents displays.
The Help window consists of two panes - the navigation pane on the left and the
topic pane on the right.
2. To get help on a dialog box control or a selected element:
Press <F1> and the Help window opens (unless it is already open) and shows the
information about the selected element.
Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER V8i
Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide 1-7
Subtopics within a help topic are collapsed by default. While a subtopic is
collapsed only its heading is visible. To make visible a subtopic's body text and
graphics you must expand the subtopic.
To expand a subtopic
Click the expand (+) icon to the left of the subtopic heading or the heading
itself.
Using Online Help
1-8 Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
To collapse a subtopic
Click the collapse (-) icon to the left of the subtopic heading or the heading
itself.
The navigation pane has the following tabs:
• Contents - used for browsing topics.
• Index - index of help content.
• Search - used for full-text searching of the help content.
• Favorites - customizable list of your favorite topics
To browse topics using the Contents tab
1. On the Contents tab, click the folder symbol next to any book folder (such
as Getting Started, Using Scenarios and Alternatives) to expand its
contents.
2. Continue expanding folders until you reach the desired topic.
3. Select a topic to display its content in the topic pane.
To display the next or previous topic according to the topic order shown in the
Contents tab
To display the next topic, click the right arrow or to display the previous topic, click
the left.
To use the index of help content
1. Click the Index tab.
2. In the search field, type the word you are searching for.
or
Scroll through the index using the scroll bar to find a specific entry.
3. Select the desired entry and click the Display button.
or
Double-click the desired entry.
The content that the selected index entry is referencing displays in the topic pane.
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ilide.info-hammer-v8i-users-guide-pr_f6a9f0fd7e6bbc1a8b0e823c392fdecc.pdf

  • 1. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide 1-1 1 Chapter Bentley HAMMER V8i Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER V8i Quick Start Lessons Understanding the Workspace Creating Models Using ModelBuilder to Transfer Existing Data Applying Elevation Data with TRex Allocating Demands using LoadBuilder Reducing Model Complexity with Skelebrator Scenarios and Alternatives Modeling Capabilities Presenting Your Results Importing and Exporting Data Technical Reference Bentley HAMMER V8i Theory and Practice Menus Element Properties Reference Technical Information Resources Glossary
  • 2. 1-2 Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
  • 3. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-i Contents Chapter 1: Bentley HAMMER V8i 1 Chapter 1: Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER V8i 1 What’s New in Bentley HAMMER?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 What is Bentley HAMMER? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Capabilities of Bentley HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Municipal License Administrator Auto-Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3 Starting Bentley HAMMER V8i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3 Working with Bentley HAMMER Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4 Exiting Bentley HAMMER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6 Using Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6 Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10 Checking Your Current Registration Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11 Application Window Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11 Standard Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-12 Edit Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14 Analysis Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-15 Scenarios Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-16 Compute Toolbar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-17 View Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-19 Help Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-20 Layout Toolbar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-21 Tools Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-25 Zoom Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-28 Customizing Bentley HAMMER Toolbars and Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-31 Bentley HAMMER Dynamic Manager Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-32 WaterObjects Help for Model Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-37 Chapter 2: Quick Start Lessons 43 Lesson 1: Pipeline Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-44 Part 1—Creating or Importing a Steady-State Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-45 CREATING A MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-45
  • 4. Table of Contents-ii Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Part 2—Selecting the Transient Events to Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52 Part 3—Configuring the Bentley HAMMER Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-53 Part 4—Performing a Transient Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-56 ANALYSIS WITHOUT SURGE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-57 Reviewing your Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-59 ANALYSIS WITH SURGE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-60 Part 5—Animating Transient Results at Points and along Profiles . . . . . . . . 2-62 Part 6—Viewing Time History Graphs in Bentley HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-63 Lesson 2: Network Risk Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-66 Part 1—Importing and Verifying the Initial Steady-States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-66 Part 2—Selecting the Key Transient Events to Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-70 Part 3—Performing a Transient Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-70 ANALYSIS WITHOUT SURGE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-70 ANALYSIS WITH SURGE-PROTECTION EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-74 Part 4—Color-Coding Maps, Profiles, and Point Histories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-80 Chapter 3: Understanding the Workspace 87 Stand-Alone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-87 The Drawing View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-87 PANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-87 ZOOMING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-88 Zoom Dependent Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-91 DRAWING STYLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-93 Using Aerial View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-94 Using Background Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-95 IMAGE PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-102 SHAPEFILE PROPERTIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-104 DXF PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-105 Show Flow Arrows (Stand-Alone) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-106 MicroStation Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-106 Getting Started in the MicroStation environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-107 The MicroStation Environment Graphical Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-109 MicroStation Project Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-111 SAVING YOUR PROJECT IN MICROSTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-111 Bentley HAMMER V8i Element Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-112 ELEMENT PROPERTIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-112 ELEMENT LEVELS DIALOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113 TEXT STYLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113 View Associations (MicroStation Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-113 Working with Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-115 EDIT ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-115 DELETING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116 MODIFYING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116 CONTEXT MENU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116 Working with Elements Using MicroStation Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116 BENTLEY HAMMER V8I CUSTOM MICROSTATION ENTITIES . . . . . . . . . . . 3-116 MICROSTATION COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-117
  • 5. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-iii MOVING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-117 MOVING ELEMENT LABELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-117 SNAP MENU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-118 BACKGROUND FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-118 IMPORT BENTLEY HAMMER V8I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-118 ANNOTATION DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-118 MULTIPLE MODELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-118 Native Format Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-119 Working in AutoCAD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-119 The AutoCAD Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-120 AUTOCAD INTEGRATION WITH BENTLEY HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-120 GETTING STARTED WITHIN AUTOCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-121 MENUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-121 DRAWING SETUP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-122 SYMBOL VISIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-122 AUTOCAD PROJECT FILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-122 DRAWING SYNCHRONIZATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-123 SAVING THE DRAWING AS DRAWING*.DWG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-124 Working with Elements Using AutoCAD Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-124 BENTLEY HAMMER CUSTOM AUTOCAD ENTITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-125 EXPLODE ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-125 MOVING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-126 MOVING ELEMENT LABELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-126 SNAP MENU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-126 POLYGON ELEMENT VISIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-126 UNDO/REDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-126 CONTOUR LABELING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-127 Working in ArcGIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-128 ArcGIS Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-129 ARCGIS INTEGRATION WITH BENTLEY HAMMER V8I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-130 Registering and Unregistering Bentley HAMMER V8i with ArcGIS. . . . . . . .3-130 ArcGIS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-130 Using ArcCatalog with a Bentley HAMMER V8i Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-131 ARCCATALOG GEODATABASE COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-131 The Bentley HAMMER V8i ArcMap Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-131 GETTING STARTED WITH THE ARCMAP CLIENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-131 MANAGING PROJECTS IN ARCMAP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-132 ATTACH GEODATABASE DIALOG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-134 LAYING OUT A MODEL IN THE ARCMAP CLIENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-135 USING GEOTABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-135 BENTLEY HAMMER RENDERER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-136 SHOW FLOW ARROWS (ARCGIS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-136 LAYER SYMBOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-137 Multiple Client Access to Bentley HAMMER Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-137 Synchronizing the GEMS Datastore and the Geodatabase . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-137 Rollbacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-138 Adding New Bentley HAMMER V8i Nodes To An Existing Model In ArcMAP. . .3- 138
  • 6. Table of Contents-iv Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Adding New Bentley HAMMER V8i Pipes To An Existing Model In ArcMAP 3-139 Creating Backups of Your ArcGIS Bentley HAMMER Project . . . . . . . . . . . 3-140 Google Earth Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-140 Google Earth Export from the MicroStation Platform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-141 Google Earth Export from ArcGIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-143 Using a Google Earth View as a Background Layer to Draw a Model. . . . . 3-145 Chapter 4: Creating Models 151 Starting a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-151 Bentley HAMMER V8i Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-152 Database Format Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-153 Setting Project Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-154 Setting Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-155 OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - GLOBAL TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-156 Stored Prompt Responses Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-160 OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - PROJECT TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-161 OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - DRAWING TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-163 OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - UNITS TAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-165 OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - LABELING TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-168 OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - PROJECTWISE TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-169 Working with ProjectWise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-170 SETTING UP PROJECTWISE INTEGRATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-176 ABOUT PROJECTWISE GEOSPATIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-177 Maintaining Project Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-178 Setting the Project Spatial Reference System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-178 Interaction with ProjectWise Explorer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-179 Elements and Element Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-181 Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-182 MINOR LOSSES DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-184 MINOR LOSS COEFFICIENTS DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-186 WAVE SPEED CALCULATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-188 Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-193 DEMAND COLLECTION DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-194 UNIT DEMAND COLLECTION DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-194 EXPORT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-195 Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-196 HYDRANT LATERAL LOSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-196 Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-196 Reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-200 Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-201 PUMP DEFINITIONS DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-202 Efficiency Points Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-211 PUMP CURVE DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-211 FLOW-EFFICIENCY CURVE DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-212 SPEED-EFFICIENCY CURVE DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-213 PUMP AND MOTOR INERTIA CALCULATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-213 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-214
  • 7. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-v PUMP FUNDAMENTALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-215 Pump Inertia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-217 Specific Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-218 First-Quadrant and Four-Quadrant Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-220 Variable-Speed Pumps (VSP or VFD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-221 PUMP CURVE DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-222 Variable Speed Pump Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-225 Pump Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-226 PUMPS DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-228 POLYGON VERTICES DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-229 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-229 DEFINING VALVE CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-234 Valve Characteristics Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-234 Valve Characteristic Curve Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-236 GENERAL NOTE ABOUT LOSS COEFFICIENTS ON VALVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-237 MODULATING CONTROL VALVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-238 Spot Elevations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-239 Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-239 IMPULSE TURBINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-241 REACTION TURBINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-242 MODELING HYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS IN HYDROPOWER PLANTS . . . . . . . . . .4-244 TURBINE PARAMETERS IN HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-248 TURBINE CURVE DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-249 Periodic Head-Flow Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-250 PERIODIC HEAD-FLOW PATTERN DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-251 Air Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-251 DETERMINING THE TYPE OF AIR VALVE TO USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-254 AIR FLOW CURVES DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-257 AIR FLOW-PRESSURE CURVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-258 Hydropneumatic Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-259 INITIAL CONDITIONS ATTRIBUTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-264 GAS LAW VS. CONSTANT AREA APPROXIMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-266 TRANSIENT SIMULATION ATTRIBUTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-266 TRACKING THE AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-270 VARIABLE ELEVATION CURVE DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-271 Surge Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-272 Check Valves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-273 Rupture Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-274 Discharge to Atmosphere Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-274 Orifice Between Pipes Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-276 Valve with Linear Area Change Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-277 Surge Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-277 Protective Equipment Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-282 Other Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-284 BORDER TOOL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-285 TEXT TOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-285 LINE TOOL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-286 Pump and Turbine Characteristics in Bentley HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-286
  • 8. Table of Contents-vi Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide How The Pressure Engine Loads Bentley HAMMER Elements . . . . . . . . . 4-299 Adding Elements to Your Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-300 Manipulating Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-301 Select, Move, and Delete Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-302 Splitting Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-304 Reconnect Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-305 Modeling Curved Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-305 POLYLINE VERTICES DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-306 Assign Isolation Valves to Pipes Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-306 Batch Pipe Split Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-308 BATCH PIPE SPLIT WORKFLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-309 Batch Morph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-310 Merge Nodes in Close Proximity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-311 Select Adjacent Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-312 Editing Element Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-312 Property Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-312 LABELING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-315 RELABELING ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-315 SET FIELD OPTIONS DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-315 Date/Time Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-316 Using Named Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-317 Using Selection Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-319 Selection Sets Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-320 Group-Level Operations on Selection Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-325 Using the Network Navigator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-326 Using the Duplicate Labels Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-332 Using the Pressure Zone Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-333 Pressure Zone Export Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-343 Pressure Zone Flow Balance Tool Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-344 Using Prototypes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-345 Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-349 Engineering Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-351 Transient Valve Curve Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-355 Transient Pump Curve Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-356 Transient Turbine Curve Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-357 Valve Relative Closure Curve Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-358 Hyperlinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-358 Using Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-366 Queries Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-366 QUERY PARAMETERS DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-369 Creating Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-370 USING THE LIKE OPERATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-376 User Data Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-376 User Data Extensions Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-379
  • 9. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-vii Sharing User Data Extensions Among Element Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-383 Shared Field Specification Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-384 Enumeration Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-385 User Data Extensions Import Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-386 Formula Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-386 Property Grid Customizations Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-388 Customization Editor Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-389 Tooltip Customization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-390 Tooltip Customization Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-391 i-Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-391 Publishing an i-model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-392 Viewing an i-model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-395 Chapter 5: Using ModelBuilder to Transfer Existing Data 399 Preparing to Use ModelBuilder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-399 ModelBuilder Connections Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-402 Specify Datasource Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-406 Microsoft Access Database Engine Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-406 ModelBuilder Wizard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-407 Step 1—Specify Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-408 Step 2—Specify Spatial Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-410 Step 3 - Specify Element Create/Remove/Update Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-412 Step 4—Additional Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-414 Step 5—Specify Field mappings for each Table/Feature Class . . . . . . . . . .5-417 Step 6—Build operation Confirmation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-421 Reviewing Your Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-422 Multi-select Data Source Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-422 ModelBuilder Warnings and Error Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-423 ModelBuilder Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-423 ModelBuilder Error Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-424 ESRI ArcGIS Geodatabase Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-425 Geodatabase Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-425 Geometric Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-426 ArcGIS Geodatabase Features versus ArcGIS Geometric Network. . . . . . .5-426 Subtypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-427 SDE (Spatial Database Engine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-427 Specifying Network Connectivity in ModelBuilder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-427 Sample Spreadsheet Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-429 The GIS-ID Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-430
  • 10. Table of Contents-viii Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide GIS-ID Collection Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-431 Specifying a SQL WHERE clause in ModelBuilder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-432 Modelbuilder Import Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-432 Importing Pump Definitions Using ModelBuilder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-433 Using ModelBuilder to Import Pump Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-438 Using ModelBuilder to Import Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-442 Using ModelBuilder to Import Time Series Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-446 Oracle as a Data Source for ModelBuilder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-452 Oracle/ArcSDE Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-453 Chapter 6: Applying Elevation Data with TRex 455 The Importance of Accurate Elevation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-455 Numerical Value of Elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-456 Accuracy and Precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-457 Obtaining Elevation Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-457 Record Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-459 Calibration Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-460 TRex Terrain Extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-460 TRex Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-462 TRex Supported Terrain Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-467 Chapter 7: Allocating Demands using LoadBuilder 469 Using GIS for Demand Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-469 Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-470 Billing Meter Aggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-472 Distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-473 Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-475 Using LoadBuilder to Assign Loading Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-476 LoadBuilder Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-476 LoadBuilder Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-477 LoadBuilder Run Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-489 Unit Line Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-489 Generating Thiessen Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-491 Thiessen Polygon Creator Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-494 Creating Boundary Polygon Feature Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-496 Demand Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-497 Apply Demand and Pattern to Selection Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-500 Unit Demands Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-502 Unit Demand Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-505 Pressure Dependent Demands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-507
  • 11. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-ix Piecewise Linear Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-513 Chapter 8: Reducing Model Complexity with Skelebrator 515 Skeletonization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-516 Skeletonization Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-517 Common Automated Skeletonization Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-519 Generic—Data Scrubbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-519 Generic—Branch Trimming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-519 Generic—Series Pipe Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-520 Skeletonization Using Skelebrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-521 Skelebrator—Smart Pipe Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-521 Skelebrator—Branch Collapsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-522 Skelebrator—Series Pipe Merging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-523 Skelebrator—Parallel Pipe Merging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-525 Skelebrator—Inline Isolation Valve Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-526 Skelebrator—Other Skelebrator Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-527 Skelebrator—Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-528 Using the Skelebrator Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-529 Skeletonizer Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-530 BATCH RUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-534 PROTECTED ELEMENTS MANAGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-536 Selecting Elements from Skelebrator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-536 Manual Skeletonization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-539 Branch Collapsing Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-542 Parallel Pipe Merging Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-544 Series Pipe Merging Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-546 Smart Pipe Removal Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-550 Inline Isolating Valve Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-552 Conditions and Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-553 PIPE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-554 JUNCTION CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-555 Skelebrator Progress Summary Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-556 Backing Up Your Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-556 Skeletonization and Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-557 Importing/Exporting Skelebrator Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-558 Skeletonization and Active Topology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-559 Chapter 9: Scenarios and Alternatives 561 Understanding Scenarios and Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-561 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advantages of Automated Scenario Management9-561 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A History of What-If Analyses9-562 Distributed Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-562 Self-Contained Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-563
  • 12. Table of Contents-x Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Scenario Cycle9-564 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Scenario Attributes and Alternatives9-565 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A Familiar Parallel9-565 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inheritance9-566 OVERRIDING INHERITANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-567 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DYNAMIC INHERITANCE9-567 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local and Inherited Values9-568 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimizing Effort through Attribute Inheritance9-568 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Minimizing Effort through Scenario Inheritance9-569 Scenario Example - A Water Distribution System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-570 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building the Model (Average Day Conditions)9-570 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analyzing Different Demands (Maximum Day Conditions)9-571 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Another Set of Demands (Peak Hour Conditions)9-572 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Correcting an Error9-572 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analyzing Improvement Suggestions9-573 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Finalizing the Project9-573 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Scenarios9-574 Scenarios Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-575 Base and Child Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-577 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating Scenarios9-577 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITING SCENARIOS9-578 Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-579 Alternatives Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-580 Alternative Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-582 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Base and Child Alternatives9-583 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Creating Alternatives9-584 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Editing Alternatives9-584 Active Topology Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-586 Physical Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-590 Demand Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-594 Initial Settings Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-595 Operational Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-599 Age Alternatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-602 Constituent Alternatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-605 CONSTITUENTS MANAGER DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-609 Trace Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-610 Fire Flow Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-613 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FILTER DIALOG BOX9-618 Energy Cost Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-619 Pressure Dependent Demand Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-622 Transient Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-625 Failure History Alternative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-629 User Data Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-630 Scenario Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-633 Scenario Comparison Options Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-636 Scenario Comparison Collection Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-636
  • 13. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xi Chapter 10: Modeling Capabilities 637 Model and Optimize a Distribution System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-637 Steady-State/Extended Period Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-638 Steady-State Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-639 Extended Period Simulation (EPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-639 Hydraulic Transient Pressure Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-640 Rigid-Column Simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-641 Data Requirements and Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-642 Analysis of Transient Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-643 Infrastructure and Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-645 Water Column Separation and Vapor Pockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-645 GLOBAL ADJUSTMENT TO VAPOR PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-646 GLOBAL ADJUSTMENT TO WAVE SPEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-646 WAVE SPEED REDUCTION FACTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-647 AUTOMATIC OR DIRECT SELECTION OF THE TIME STEP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-649 Validate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-649 Orifice Demand and Intrusion Potential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-650 Numerical Model Calibration and Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-651 GATHERING FIELD MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-653 TIMING AND SHAPE OF TRANSIENT PRESSURE PULSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-653 Application of HAMMER to Typical Problems - Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-654 How Valve Discharge Coefficient Values are Exported to the HAMMER Engine . 10-656 Calculate Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-657 Copy Initial Conditions Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-659 Selection of the Time Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-660 Using a User-Defined Time Step. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-661 Transient Time Step Options Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-662 Global Demand and Roughness Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-663 Check Data/Validate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-665 User Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-666 User Notification Details Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-670 Post Calculation Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-671 Flow Emitters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-672 Parallel VSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-673 Calculation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-674 Controlling Results Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-681 Flow Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-683 Determining the Transient Run Duration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-684 Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-685 Selecting the Transient Friction Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-686 Engine Compatibility Calculation Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-687 Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-691
  • 14. Table of Contents-xii Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Pattern Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-692 Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-696 Controls Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-698 Conditions Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-702 Actions Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-709 Control Sets Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-713 LOGICAL CONTROL SETS DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-714 Control Wizard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-715 Active Topology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-716 Active Topology Selection Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-717 External Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-719 Modeling Tips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-721 Modeling a Pumped Groundwater Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-721 Modeling Parallel Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-722 Modeling Pumps in Parallel and Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-723 Modeling Hydraulically Close Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-724 Modeling Fire Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-724 Modeling a Connection to an Existing Water Main . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-724 Top Feed/Bottom Gravity Discharge Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-726 Estimating Hydrant Discharge Using Flow Emitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-727 Modeling Variable Speed Pumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-729 TYPES OF VARIABLE SPEED PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-730 PATTERN BASED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-730 FIXED HEAD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-730 CONTROLS WITH FIXED HEAD OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-731 PARALLEL VSPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-732 VSP CONTROLLED BY DISCHARGE SIDE TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-732 VSP CONTROLLED BY SUCTION SIDE TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-733 FIXED FLOW VSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-734 Chapter 11: Presenting Your Results 735 Transient Results Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-735 Using the Java Transient Results Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-737 Format Graph Shortcut Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-738 Transients Results Viewer Dialog (New) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-741 Profiles Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-741 TRANSIENT PROFILE VIEWER DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-742 Transient Profile Viewer Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-744 Time Histories Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-745 TRANSIENT RESULTS GRAPH VIEWER DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-746 Annotating Your Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-747 Using Folders in the Element Symbology Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-751 Annotation Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-754 FREE FORM ANNOTATION DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-755
  • 15. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xiii SYMBOLOGY DEFINITIONS MANAGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-756 Color Coding A Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-757 Color Coding Legends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-761 Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-762 Contour Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-764 Contour Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-767 Contour Browser Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-767 Enhanced Pressure Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-768 Using Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-768 Profile Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-770 Profile Series Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-774 Profile Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-775 Viewing and Editing Data in FlexTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-783 FlexTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-784 Working with FlexTable Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-788 FlexTable Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-789 Opening FlexTables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-791 Creating a New FlexTable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-791 Deleting FlexTables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-792 Naming and Renaming FlexTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-792 Editing FlexTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-793 Sorting and Filtering FlexTable Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-796 CUSTOM SORT DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-799 Customizing Your FlexTable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-800 Element Relabeling Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-801 FlexTable Setup Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-802 Copying, Exporting, and Printing FlexTable Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-804 Statistics Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-806 Using Sparklines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-806 SPARKLINE SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-807 Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-807 Using Standard Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808 REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808 CREATING A SCENARIO SUMMARY REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808 CREATING A PROJECT INVENTORY REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808 CREATING A PRESSURE PIPE INVENTORY REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808 REPORT OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-808 Results Table Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-810 Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-811 Graph Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-811 ADD TO GRAPH DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-813 Printing a Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-813 Working with Graph Data: Viewing and Copying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-813 Graph Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-814 GRAPH SERIES OPTIONS DIALOG BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-819 OBSERVED DATA DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-820
  • 16. Table of Contents-xiv Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Sample Observed Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-821 Chart Options Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-823 Chart Options Dialog Box - Chart Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-824 SERIES TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-824 PANEL TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-825 AXES TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-828 GENERAL TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-834 TITLES TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-835 WALLS TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-840 PAGING TAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-841 LEGEND TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-842 3D TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-848 Chart Options Dialog Box - Series Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-849 FORMAT TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-849 POINT TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-850 GENERAL TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-851 DATA SOURCE TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-852 MARKS TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-853 Chart Options Dialog Box - Tools Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-857 Chart Options Dialog Box - Export Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-858 Chart Options Dialog Box - Print Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-860 Border Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-861 Gradient Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-862 Color Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-863 Color Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-863 Hatch Brush Editor Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-864 HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - SOLID TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-864 HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - HATCH TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-865 HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - GRADIENT TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-865 HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - IMAGE TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-866 Pointer Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-867 Change Series Title Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-868 Chart Tools Gallery Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-868 CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - SERIES TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-868 CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - AXIS TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-872 CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - OTHER TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-875 TeeChart Gallery Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-880 SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-880 FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-881 Customizing a Graph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-881 Time Series Field Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-886 SELECT ASSOCIATED MODELING ATTRIBUTE DIALOG BOX. . . . . . . . . . . . 11-889 Calculation Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-890 Calculation Summary Graph Series Options Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-891 Transient Calculation Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-892 Summary Tab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-893 Initial Conditions Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-893
  • 17. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xv Extreme Pressure and Heads Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-893 RResults Table Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-894 Print Preview Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-894 Transient Thematic Viewer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-897 Print Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-898 Chapter 12: Importing and Exporting Data 901 Moving Data and Images between Model(s) and other Files . . . . . . . . . . .12-901 Importing a Bentley HAMMER Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-903 Exporting a HAMMER v7 Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-903 Importing and Exporting EPANET Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-904 Importing and Exporting Submodel Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-904 Exporting a Submodel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-905 Exporting a DXF File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-907 File Upgrade Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-908 Export to Shapefile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-908 Chapter 13: Technical Reference 911 Pressure Network Hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-911 Network Hydraulics Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-911 The Energy Principle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-912 The Energy Equation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-913 Hydraulic and Energy Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-914 Conservation of Mass and Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-915 The Gradient Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-916 Derivation of the Gradient Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-916 The Linear System Equation Solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-919 Pump Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-920 Valve Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-923 CHECK VALVES (CVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-923 FLOW CONTROL VALVES (FCVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924 PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES (PRVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924 PRESSURE SUSTAINING VALVES (PSVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924 PRESSURE BREAKER VALVES (PBVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924 THROTTLE CONTROL VALVES (TCVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924 GENERAL PURPOSE VALVES (GPVS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-924 Friction and Minor Loss Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-925 Chezy’s Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-925 Colebrook-White Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-925 Hazen-Williams Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-926 Darcy-Weisbach Equation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-927 Swamee and Jain Equation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13-928
  • 18. Table of Contents-xvi Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Manning’s Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-928 Minor Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-929 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-930 Engineer’s Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-930 Roughness Values—Manning’s Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-930 Roughness Values—Darcy-Weisbach Equation (Colebrook-White) . . . . . 13-931 Roughness Values—Hazen-Williams Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-932 Typical Roughness Values for Pressure Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-933 Fitting Loss Coefficients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-934 Variable Speed Pump Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-935 VSP Interactions with Simple and Logical Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-938 Performing Advanced Analyses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-939 Hydraulic Equivalency Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-939 Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-940 HAZEN-WILLIAMS EQUATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-940 MANNING’S EQUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-941 DARCY-WEISBACH EQUATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-942 CHECK VALVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-944 MINOR LOSSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-944 NUMERICAL CHECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-945 Thiessen Polygon Generation Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-946 Naïve Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-946 Plane Sweep Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-947 Method for Modeling Pressure Dependent Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-948 Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-949 Supply Level Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-950 Pressure Dependent Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-950 Demand Deficit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-951 Solution Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-952 Modified GGA Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-953 Direct GGA Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-953 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-954 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-958 Chapter 14: Bentley HAMMER V8i Theory and Practice 959 Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-960 Overview of Hydraulic Transients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-961 History of Solution Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-962 Causes of Transient Initiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-964 Impacts of Transients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-967 Design of Protective Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-970 Hydraulic Transient Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-970 Conservation of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-971 Governing Equations for Steady-State Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-972
  • 19. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xvii CONSERVATION OF MASS AT STEADY STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-974 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY AT STEADY STATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-974 Governing Equations for Unsteady (or Transient) Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-975 CONTINUITY EQUATION FOR UNSTEADY FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-975 MOMENTUM EQUATION FOR UNSTEADY FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-976 METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS (MOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-977 Rigid Column Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-980 Rigid Column versus Elastic Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-982 Elastic Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-984 Water System Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-985 Celerity and Pipe Elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-985 Wave Propagation and Characteristic Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-989 Wave Reflection and Transmission in Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-990 Type of Networks and Pumping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-992 Putting It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-994 Pump Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-995 Pump Characteristics and Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-996 SPECIFIC SPEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-999 Variable-Speed Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1000 Constant-Horsepower Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1001 Valve Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1002 Valve Selection and Sizing Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1003 Typical Valve Bodies and Pistons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1005 Closing Characteristics of Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1006 Flow-Decreasing Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1009 Air Valve Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1009 Extended CAV Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1013 Friction and Minor Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1016 Steady State / Extended Period Simulation Friction Methods . . . . . . . . . .14-1016 HAZEN-WILLIAMS EQUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1017 DARCY-WEISBACH EQUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1017 MANNING’S EQUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1019 Transient Analysis Friction Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1020 STEADY FRICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1020 QUASI-STEADY FRICTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1021 UNSTEADY OR TRANSIENT FRICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1022 Minor Losses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1025 Cavitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1026 Time Step and Computational Reach Length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1029 TURBINE SIMULATION IN HAMMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1031 Four-quadrant Characteristics of Turbomachinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1031 Numerical Representation of Hydroelectric Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1032 Transient Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1034 Developing a Surge-Control Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1037 Piping System Design and Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14-1039
  • 20. Table of Contents-xviii Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Protection Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1040 Approaches to Surge Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1042 SYSTEM-IMPROVEMENT METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1045 FLOW-SUPPLEMENT APPROACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1045 TWO-WAY SURGE TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1046 ONE-WAY SURGE TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1049 GAS VESSEL OR AIR CHAMBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1049 INCREASE OF INERTIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1052 Pump Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1052 CHECK VALVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1053 BOOSTER PUMP BYPASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1053 Surge-Relief Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1055 Operation and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1062 Engineer’s Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1064 Roughness Values—Manning’s Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1065 Roughness Values—Darcy-Weisbach Equation (Colebrook-White) . . . . 14-1066 Roughness Values—Hazen-Williams Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1067 Typical Roughness Values for Pressure Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1068 Fitting Loss Coefficients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1069 Properties of Common Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1070 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1072 Chapter 15: Menus 1079 File Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1079 Edit Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1082 Analysis Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1082 Components Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1084 View Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1085 Tools Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1087 Report Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1090 Help Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1090 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1091
  • 21. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xix Chapter 16: Element Properties Reference 1093 Edit Element Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1094 Pipe Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1094 Junction Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1100 Hydrant Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1105 Tank Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1109 Reservoir Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1113 Periodic Head-Flow Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1115 Pump Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1117 Pump Station Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1121 Variable Speed Pump Battery Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1123 Turbine Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1128 Valve Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1130 Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1130 Pressure Breaker Valve (PBV) Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1136 Flow Control Vale (FCV) Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1138 Throttle Control Valve (TCV) Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1141 General Purpose Valve (GPV) Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1144 Valve With Linear Area Change Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1146 Check Valve Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1147 Orifice Between Pipes Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1149 Discharge To Atmosphere Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1151 Surge Tank Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1152 Hydropneumatic Tank Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1156 Air Valve Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1160 Surge Valve Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1162 Rupture Disk Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1164 Isolation Valve Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1165 Spot Elevation Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16-1166
  • 22. Table of Contents-xx Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Chapter 17: Technical Information Resources 1169 docs.bentley.com. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1170 Bentley Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1171 Bentley Discussion Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1172 Bentley on the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1172 TechNotes/Frequently Asked Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1172 BE Magazine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1172 BE Newsletter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1173 Client Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1173 BE Careers Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1173 Contact Bentley Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1173 Chapter 18: Glossary 1177 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1177 A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1177 B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1177 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1178 D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1179 E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1180 F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1180 G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1181 H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1182 I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1182 L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1183 M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1183 N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1185 O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1185 P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1186 R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1187 S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1187 T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1189 V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1189 W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1190 X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1191 Index 1193
  • 23. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Table of Contents-xxi
  • 24. Table of Contents-xxii Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide
  • 25. Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide 1-1 1 Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER V8i What is Bentley HAMMER? Municipal License Administrator Auto-Configuration Starting Bentley HAMMER V8i Working with Bentley HAMMER Files Exiting Bentley HAMMER Using Online Help Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECT Troubleshooting Checking Your Current Registration Status Application Window Layout What’s New in Bentley HAMMER? New and upgraded features in Bentley HAMMER SELECTseries 4 include: • New database file format as .sqlite replacing .sqlite • Sparkline display of EPS results • Batch morph • Filtering on property grid • Numerous other enhancements
  • 26. What is Bentley HAMMER? 1-2 Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide Note: Bentley HAMMER can open and import files from earlier versions but files created with this version are not backward compatible to earlier versions. What is Bentley HAMMER? Bentley HAMMER is a powerful yet easy-to-use program that helps engineers analyze complex pumping systems and piping networks as they transition from one steady state to another. Hydraulic transients only last from seconds to a few minutes, but they can damage a system or cause significant operational difficulties. For example, Bentley HAMMER's name is due to the loud "water hammer" knocking sound that can be heard when sudden hydraulic transients occur. Bentley HAMMER helps engineers understand their pumping and piping networks better, enabling them to design safe and economical surge-control systems. Bentley HAMMER is based on technology originally created by GENIVAR (formerly Environmental Hydraulics Group Inc.), the water Bentley HAMMER specialists, and backed by a long-term collaboration between GENIVAR and Bentley. Bentley and GENIVAR are committed to continuously improving Bentley HAMMER. Capabilities of Bentley HAMMER Bentley HAMMER's graphical interface makes it easy to quickly lay out a complex network of pipes, tanks, pumps, and surge control equipment. You can also use FlexTables or preset libraries to rapidly copy model parameters. If you already have a steady-state model of your system in WaterCAD or WaterGEMS, Bentley HAMMER can use that model file directly - saving you time and eliminating transcription errors. You can use Bentley HAMMER to: • Reduce the risk of transient-related damage to maximize operator safety and reduce the frequency of service interruptions to customers. • Reduce daily wear and tear on pumping and piping systems to maximize the useful life of infrastructure. • Reduce the risk of water contamination during subatmospheric transient pres- sures, during which groundwater and pollutants could be sucked into the pipe.
  • 27. Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER V8i Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide 1-3 • Reduce the number and severity of transient forces resulting from transient pres- sure shocks, where applicable. Transient forces and pressures can loosen joints or grow cracks, increasing leaks and non-revenue water. • Analyze hydropower systems complete with characteristic turbine representations to simulate load rejection, acceptance and variation cases. • Prepare operation checklists for use in emergencies such as power failures, pipe breaks, and component (valve, pump) and/or control failures. • Develop standards to ensure major water users do not damage the water system. Information can be provided to industries to avoid sudden water takings or load rejection. Safe speeds to open or close fire hydrants can be provided to the fire and waterworks department. • Provide additional information (with respect to steady-state models) to help select pumps, locate elevated tanks, and size air valves. Tip: Usually, hydraulic systems operate at a steady state of dynamic equilibrium and changes in flow take minutes to hours. "Normal" hydraulic transients may occur several times a day as pumps start or stop. "Emergency" transients may only occur once every month, year, or decade when power fails or pipes break. Hydraulic transients and surge-protection needs must be considered in the context of a water utility's risk management and environmental protection plan. Municipal License Administrator Auto- Configuration At the conclusion of the installation process, the Municipal License Administrator will be executed, to automatically detect and set the default configuration for your product, if possible. However, if multiple license configurations are detected on the license server, you will need to select which one to use by default, each time the product starts. If this is the case, you will see the following warning: “Multiple license config- urations are available for Bentley HAMMER...” Simply press OK to clear the Warning dialog, then press Refresh Configurations to display the list of available configurations. Select one and press Make Default, then exit the License Adminis- trator. (You only need to repeat this step if you decide to make a different configura- tion the default in the future.) Starting Bentley HAMMER V8i After you have finished installing Bentley HAMMER, restart your system before starting Bentley HAMMER for the first time.
  • 28. Working with Bentley HAMMER Files 1-4 Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide To start Bentley HAMMER 1. Double-click on the Bentley HAMMER icon on your desktop. or 2. Click Start > All Programs > Bentley > Bentley HAMMER > Bentley HAMMER. Working with Bentley HAMMER Files Bentley HAMMER uses an assortment of data, input, and output files. It is important to understand which are essential, which are temporary holding places for results and which must be transmitted when sending a model to another user. In general, the model is contained in a file with the wtg.sqlite extension. This file contains essentially all of the information needed to run the model. This file can be zipped to dramatically reduce its size for moving the file. The .wtg file and the drawing file (.dwh, dgn, dwg or .sqlite) file contain user supplied data that makes it easier to view the model and should also be zipped and transmitted with the model when moving the model. Other files found with the model are results files. These can be regenerated by running the model again. In general these are binary files which can only be read by the model. Saving these files makes it easy to look at results without the need to rerun the model. Because they can be easily regenerated, these files can be deleted to save space on the storage media. When archiving a model at the end of the study, usually only the *.wtg.sqlite, *.wtg files, and the platform specific supporting files (*.dwh, *.dgn, *.dwg or *.sqlite) need to be saved.The file extensions are explained below: • .bak - backup files of the model files • .cri - results of criticality analysis • .dgn - drawing file for MicroStation platform • .dwg - drawing file for AutoCAD platform • .dwh - drawing file for stand alone platform • .sqlite - access database file for ArcGIS platform • .nrg - results of energy calculations • .osm - outage segmentation results • .out - primary output file from hydraulic and water quality analyses • .out.fl - output file from flushing analysis
  • 29. Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER V8i Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide 1-5 • .rpc - report file from hydraulic analysis with user notifications • .seg - results of segmentation analysis • wtg.sqlite - main model file • .wtg - display settings (e.g. color coding, annotation) • .xml - xml files, generally libraries, window and other settings. Some modules like ModelBuilder also use .xml files to store settings independent of the main model. • .hof - results of transient analysis used by the transient results viewer • .hmr - results of transient analysis • .hut - transient analysis output log • .rpt - transient analysis detailed report file Using the Custom Results File Path Option When the Specify Custom Results File Path option (found under Tools > Options > Project Tab) is on for the project, the result files will be stored in the custom path spec- ified when the project is closed. When the project is open, all of the applicable result files (if any) will be moved (not copied) to the temporary directory to be worked on. The result files will then be moved back to the custom directory when the project is closed. The advantages of this are that moving a file on disk is very quick, as opposed to copying a file, which can be very slow. Also, if you have your project stored on a network drive and you specify a custom results path on your local disk, then you will avoid network transfer times as well. The disadvantages are that, should the program crash or the project somehow doesn’t close properly, then the results files will not be moved back and will be lost. If you then wish to share these results files with another user of the model, you can use the Copy Results To Project Directory command (Tools > Database Utilities > Copy Results To Project Directory) to copy the results files to the saved location of the model. The user receiving the files may then use the Update Results From Project Directory command (Tools > Database Utilities > Update Results From Project Direc- tory) to copy the results files from the project directory to their custom results file path. Drag-and-drop File Open You can open model files by simply dragging them (from Windows Explorer, for example) into the application window (stand alone version only). You can drag either the .wtg or the .sqlite associated with the model.
  • 30. Exiting Bentley HAMMER 1-6 Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide You can drag multiple files into the application at once. All files must be of a valid type (.wtg or .sqlite) for this to work. Exiting Bentley HAMMER To exit Bentley HAMMER 1. Click the application window's Close icon. or From the File menu, choose Exit. Note: If you have made changes to the project file without saving, the following dialog box will open. Click Yes to save before exiting, No to exit without saving, or Cancel to stop the operation. Using Online Help Bentley HAMMER Help menu and Help window are used to access Bentley HAMMER extensive online help. Context-sensitive online help is available. Hypertext links, which appear in color and are underlined when you pass the pointer over them, allow you to move easily between related topics. Note: Certain Windows DLLs must be present on your computer in order to use Online Help. Make sure you have Microsoft Internet Explorer (Version 5.5 or greater) installed. You do not need to change your default browser as long as Internet Explorer is installed. To open the Help window 1. From the Help menu, choose Bentley HAMMER Help. The Help window opens, and the Table of Contents displays. The Help window consists of two panes - the navigation pane on the left and the topic pane on the right. 2. To get help on a dialog box control or a selected element: Press <F1> and the Help window opens (unless it is already open) and shows the information about the selected element.
  • 31. Getting Started in Bentley HAMMER V8i Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide 1-7 Subtopics within a help topic are collapsed by default. While a subtopic is collapsed only its heading is visible. To make visible a subtopic's body text and graphics you must expand the subtopic. To expand a subtopic Click the expand (+) icon to the left of the subtopic heading or the heading itself.
  • 32. Using Online Help 1-8 Bentley HAMMER V8i Edition User’s Guide To collapse a subtopic Click the collapse (-) icon to the left of the subtopic heading or the heading itself. The navigation pane has the following tabs: • Contents - used for browsing topics. • Index - index of help content. • Search - used for full-text searching of the help content. • Favorites - customizable list of your favorite topics To browse topics using the Contents tab 1. On the Contents tab, click the folder symbol next to any book folder (such as Getting Started, Using Scenarios and Alternatives) to expand its contents. 2. Continue expanding folders until you reach the desired topic. 3. Select a topic to display its content in the topic pane. To display the next or previous topic according to the topic order shown in the Contents tab To display the next topic, click the right arrow or to display the previous topic, click the left. To use the index of help content 1. Click the Index tab. 2. In the search field, type the word you are searching for. or Scroll through the index using the scroll bar to find a specific entry. 3. Select the desired entry and click the Display button. or Double-click the desired entry. The content that the selected index entry is referencing displays in the topic pane.