Lesson 10 Participatory Rural Appraisal

MNGT 3112
Theory 20 hrs, Practical 20 hrs.
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
P.B. Dharmasena
0777-613234, 0717-613234
dharmasenapb@ymail.com, dharmasenapb@gmail.com
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
P.B. Dharmasena
0777-613234, 0717-613234
dharmasenapb@ymail.com, dharmasenapb@gmail.com
https://independent.academia.edu/PunchiBandageDharmasena
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Punchi_Bandage_Dharmasena/contributions
http://www.slideshare.net/DharmasenaPb
LESSON
TEN

wOHhkfha wruqKq
 o;a; tla/ia lsrSfï l%ufõofha oS PRA
Ndú;h iy tys jeo.;alu
 úúO wruqKq i|yd we;s PRA l%u y÷kd
.ekSu
 ksjeros f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug PRA l%u
Ndú;d lrkafka flfiaoehs wjfndaO lr
.ekSu
Lesson-9
LESSON
TEN
iyNd.s;aj .eñ úuiqu
PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)
RURAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT
.dóh ixj¾Okh l<ukdlrKh

iyNd.s;aj .eñ úuiqu
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Lesson-9
úêu;a ióCIK" m%Yakud,d" úYaf,aIK
wdosfhka o;a; tla/ia lsrSu ixlSrAk
ls%hdoduhla nj idudkH u;hhs
fuys i;Hhla we;;a o;a; tla/ia
lsrSug fjk;a ir, l%u o we;' ñksiqka
iuÕ l;dny lsrSu" m%cdj w;rska .uka
lsrSu" ksrSCIK wdosh ta w;r fõ
o;a; tla/ia lsrSug fjk;a fndfyda
l%u we;
fuu mdvu fhduq lrkafka tu wúêu;a
l%u by; i|yka ixlSrAK l%ufõohka
;rñu fyda Bg;a jvd fyd| neú fmkajd
oSugh

iyNd.s;aj .eñ úuiqu ks¾jpkh lsßu
m%cdjg ;u Ôú;h iy tys iajNdjh ms<sn|j úYaf,aIKh
lsÍug;a" jgyd .ekSug;a" wka wh iuÕ fnodyod
.ekSug;a we;s yelshdj j¾Okh lsßug Wmfhda.S jk
iyNd.s;aj msúiqï yd l%ufõo iuQyhls'
tuÕska m%cdjg ;u ðú; iajNdjhg yd Ôjk mßirhg
wkqj ie,iqï f.dvke.Sug" l%shd;aul lsÍug" úmrï
lsÍug yd we.hSug yelsjk l%shdj,shlg fhduqùu
i|yd bvlv ie,fia'

b,lal.; lKavdhï idlÉPd
Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
 myiqldrlfhl= úiska yiqre jkq ,nk mqoa.,hska 6 -12 muK
iyNd.s jk lKavdhï idlõPdjls
 fuys oS ksYaÉ; ud;Dldjla hgf;a lKavdhï idudcslhska ksoyfia
wyUq f,i l:d lr;s
 fuu idlÉPdfõ wruqK jkafka lKavdhfï woyia wjfndaOh iy
ixl,am ms<sn| f;dr;=re .eUqrska ,nd .ekSuh
 .eg¿j iy thg fya;= jk idOl .eUqrska wOHhkh lsrSu
 úi÷ï iy Wmdh udrA. ms<sn| .%dóh ck;djf.a woyia ,nd .ekSu
 oekg o okakd kuq;a t;rï meye|s,s ke;s - m%cd oekqu" úYajdi"
wdl,am iy yeisrSï rgd ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu
 l,ams; mrSCId lsrSug fyda mrAfhaIK fidhd .ekSï i|yd fyda
b,lal.; lKavdhï idlÉPd Ndú;d lsrSu jerosh
Lesson-9

myiqldrlf.a ldrAhNdrh
ldrKh iy wruqK meye|s,s lsrSu
idlÉPd lsrSu osrsu;a lsrSu
iyNd.s ùu osrsu;a lsrSu
fyd|ska weyqïlka foñka ud;Dldfjka ud;Dldjg idlÉPdjg
/f.k hEu" ld,h ukdj md,kh lrñka Wkkaÿj mj;ajd f.k
hEu
/iaùu wjidkfha idrxY lsrSu" tlÕ jQ oE ikd: lr .ekSu iy
ia;=;s lsrSu i|yd ld,h b;srs lr .; hq;=h
idudkHfhka myiqldrlfhl= ud;Dldj ms<sn| úfYaI{fhl=
f,i ls%hd fkdl< hq;=h' idlÉPdjg Woõ lsrSu iy fm<U
õu Tyqf.a ldrAhNdrhhs' Lesson-9
b,lal.; lKavdhï idlÉPd
Focus Group Discussion (FGD)

iudc is;shï lrKh Social Mapping
• iyNd.s;aj .eñ úuiqfïoS fndfyda õg lrkq ,nk
is;shïlrK wNHdihls
• fuys oS m%foaYh .ek fyd|ska okakd" is;shïlrKh
wjfndaO fldg.; yels iy thg iyNd.s ùug leu;s
lKavdhula m%cdj ;=<ska f;dard .kq ,efí
• mqyqKqj ,enQ myiqldrlfhl= úiska .ïudkfha o<
ie,iqula ms<sfh, lsrSug idudcslhska fhduq lrkq
lefí' tys wvx.= jkafka f.j,a" mj;sk há;,
jHQyhka" ,nd.; yels (available) fndfyda Ndõ;hg
.;yels (frequently useable) fyda Ndú;hg .;yels
(useable) iïm;a wdoshhs
• wruqKq wkqj ;SrKh l< fjk;a oEo tys wvx.=
flfrA
• fufia iudc is;shïlrKh fndfyda ldrKd i|yd
fhdod.; yels w;r fjkia ck lKavdhï i|yd
jeo.;a jk úia;r o fuys wka;rA.; fú
Lesson-9

ft;sydisl me;slv Historical Profile
• jrA;udkfha mq¿,a f,i Ndú;d lrk úuiqï fuj,uls
• ld,dka;rhla ;siafia hï m%foaYhl ck fldgila uqyqK foñka isákd
.eg¿jl iDKd;aul n,mEu idlÉPd lsrSu i|yd mokula we;s lr
.ekSu fuys wruqKhs
• fuu wNHdih myiq lsrSu i|yd f;dr;=re olajk wdlD;shla ms<sfh,
l<hq;=h
ksoiqk - ksh.h fyda .xj;=r we;s jQ wjqreÿ" th mej;=k
osk .Kk" thska n,mE mqo.,hska $ mjq,a .Kk" fN!;sl
j;aalï j,g we;s jQ ydks" w;aolsk ,o .eg¿" .eg¿
msgqoelSug .;a ls%hdudrA." ueosy;a jQ mqoa.,hska fyda
wdh;k" wdOdr ,eîï
• iïm;a odhlhska f,i fuys oS .fuka f;dard .kq ,nkafka jeäysá"
w;aoelSï nyq," w;S;h fyd|ska wdjrAckh l<yels mqoa.,hskah
Lesson-8

iD;=uh igyk Seasonal Calendar
• úúO idOl j, WÉpdjpk rgd y÷kd
.ekSu
– jrAIdm;kh" iq,Õ" kshÕ" wdodhu" úhou"
Wm;a" urK" frda. wdosh
• jirlaa ;=, udislj isÿjk isÿùï
idlÉcd udrA.fhka i|yka lr.kq ,efí
• Tjqkaf.a mrsirhg" cSú; j,g is÷ ùfï
n,mEu ms<sn|j m%jK;d iy fjkia ùï
y÷kd .ekSu i|yd nqoaê l,ïNk wjia:d
,nd fokq ,efí
• fuys oS ,nd .; yels tla m%;sM,hla kï
is÷ùï ld,h ;=, Tjqka ,nd .;a
w;aoelSïh
– wvq wdodhu" frda." wdydr ys.;djh"
mdkSh c, ysÕh wdosh
• úfYaIfhka wêl wjodkï ld, ;=, ck
cSú;hg we;s jQ n,mEï fuys oS fy,sorjq
fõ
Lesson-8

j;alï jrA.SlrKh Wealth Ranking
• .ul ksjeishkaf.a wdrA:sl ,CIK
ksrAKh lsrSu i|yd fuu fuj,u
Ndú;d lrkq ,efí
• fuhska iefmaCI j;alï iy oshqKqj
ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia flfrA
• .ul ÿmam;a lKavdhu y÷kd .ekSug
fuh bjy,a fú
• .ul l=gqïNhkaf.a iudc iy wdrA:sl
;;ajh ksrAKh lr.; yel
• jrA.SlrKh lrkafka .ïjdiSka
úiskauh
• ixjrAOk jHdmD;shla wdrïN lsrSug
m%:u ;;ajh y÷kd .ekSu muKla
fkdj ie,iqï lsrSu" ls%hd;aul lsrSu"
úurAYKh lsrSu iy we.ehSu i|yd
orAYl o y÷kd .; yel Lesson-8

PRAfjka igyk (Venn Diagram)
• hï .eg¿jla úioSu i|yd j.lSu iy ldrAhNdrh
ork úúO mqoa.,hska$ mdrAYjhka w;r we;s
iïnkaOh w.ehSu fuu fuj,fuka is÷ lrkq ,efí
• fuh fohdldrh' tlla mdrAYj lrejkaf.a fyda
wdh;k j, jeo.;alu ixikaOkh lsrSuh' wfkl
Tjqkaf.a fyda wdh;k j, fiajd iemhSfï .=Kd;auh
iei|Suh
• wod, .eg¿jg iïnkaO mdrAYj lrejka$ wdh;k
y÷kd.;a miq idlÉcdj fufyhjkafka Tjqkaf.a fyda
wdh;k j, tys,d we;s jeo.;alu$ jákdlu
jrA.SlrK lsrSugh
• jrA.SlrKfhka miq idlÉPdfõ fojk mshjr jkafka
ióm;djh iy thska fld;rï ck;dj ;Dma;su;a
jkafka o yd ldrK úNd. lsrSuhs' fufia jvd;a
iómj lghq;= lrk mdrAYj$ wdh;k jvd;a ,xj
isák fia i,l=Kq lrñka Tjqkaf.a fiajfhka we;s jk
;Dma;su;a nj w.ehSug ,la lrkq ,efí
Lesson-8

Lesson-8
mjq,a
fi!LH
fiaúld
f.dúck
flakaøh
nexl=j fmd,sish
lDIsl¾u
WmfoaYl
.u
mdie,
mxi,
.%du
ks<Odß

SWOT úYaf,aIKh SWOT Analysis
• .eg¿jlg úiÿï fyda l%shdl,dmhka ;SrKh lsrSug fmr ta i|yd oekg
mj;sk úl,am ms<sn| we.hSu i|yd fuu fuj,u Ndú;d lrkq ,efí
• S – Strengths – m%cdj i;= Yla;Ska iy yelshdjka
• W – Weaknesses – Tjqkaf.a ÿrAj,;d ilia lr .; yels yd fkdyels
• O – Opportunities – m%ia:djhka ^ndysrska ,efnk wjia:d&
• T – Threats - ;rAck ixjrAOkhg" oshqKqjg iy meje;aug ndysrska we;s
ndOl
• wjidkfha oS m%cdj uqyqK fok .eg¿j úiod .ekSu i|yd ls%hdjg kexúh
yels Wml%u iy Wmdh udrA. ms<sn|j iajhx mrdjrA;khla fuu
úYaf,aIKfha oS ,nd fohs
• tfiau SWOT úYaf,aIKfha oS wm Ndú;d lsrSug ;SrKh lrk
l%shdudrA.hkaf.a iDKd;aul n,mEu ms<sn|j o woyila ,nd .; yel
Lesson-8

l¿;r ño,k .xj;=r wdmod m¾fhaIK
jHdmD;sh ) 2008
Lesson-8

wdmod wjodku wju lsÍfï wdlD;sh

• wdmod wjodku wvq lr .ekSfï ls%hdj,sh ixialD;sfha
wkq.; jQ wx.hla úh hq;=h
• wdmod l<uKdlrK pl%fha ish¨u ixrpl ^iQodkï ùu"
uqyqK oSu" h:d ;;ajhg m;aùau" wju lsrSu& tl fia
jeo.;a fõ
• wdmod wjodku wju lr .ekSfï Wmdh ud¾. foaYSh
oekqu u; mokï úh hq;= w;r mj;akd ;;ajhg .e,fmk
fia jeä oshqKq úh hq;=h
• wdmod wjodku wju lr .ekSfï ls%hdj,sh m%cd uQ, fiau
m%cdj úiska yeisrúh hq;= w;r Tjqkaf.a Yla;sh Wmfhda.s
lr .ksñka ÿ¾j,;d ksjeros lr .ksñka ndysr
m%ia;djhka m%fhdackhg .ksñka wjodkï wju lr .ekSfï
ls%hdj,shla úh hq;=h
wfma m¾fhaIKhg mokï jQ ixl,am

wdmodjh
we;sùu
iQodkï ùu uqyqK §u m%;sm%dma;sh
,sys,a lsÍu
wdmod wjodku
wju lsÍfï wjia:d

mjq,
wdh;ksl rduqj
m%cdj
m%cdj
wdh;ksl rduqj
Yla;Ska iy
ÿ¾j,;djka
;¾ck
iy
m%ia:djhka
Lesson-8

mjq,
wdh;ksl rduqj
m%cdj
m%cdj
wdh;ksl rduqj
Lesson-8

wdlD;sh ixj¾Okh lsrSfï
wjia:djka
• .eg¿ úYaf,aIKh lsrSu
• wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu
• wjYH;d ;lafiare lsrSu
• l%shdldrS jev ie,eiau
• ie,eiau ls%hd;aul lsrSu
• miq úmru iy we.hSu

.eg¿ úYaf,aIKh lsrSfï
wjia:dj
j¾;udk
;;ajh
Yla;Ska
ÿ¾j,;djhka
wjia:d
;¾ck
ÿIalr;d
wdh;ksl
ie,eiau
Yla;sh$
Odrs;dj
wd¾Óslh
miq.sh
w;aoelSï
n,mEuiy
úYd,;ajh
N+f.da,Sh
miq;,h
;sfnk
f;dr;=re

wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSfï wjia:dj
fhdackd
;¾ck
wjia:d
ÿ¾j,;djhka
Yla;Ska
j¾;udk
;;ajh
iQodkï ùu uqyqK §u m%;sm%dma;sh ,sys,a lsÍu

wjYH;d ;lafiare lsrSfï
wjia:dj
m%uqL;d.;
lsrSu
fN!;Sh
wdh;ksl
cSjfkdamdh
iudchSh
wd¾Ósl
mdrsirsl

ie,iqï ilia lsrSfï iy ixj¾Okh lsrSfï
wjia:djka
l%shdldrS jev
ie,eiau
ls%hd;aul lsrSu
fN!;Sh
wdh;ksl
cSjfkdamdh
iudchSh
wd¾Ósl
mdrsirsl
miq úmru iy
we.hSu
m%uqL;d.;
lsrSu

wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSfï wjia:dj
fhdackd
;¾ck
wjia:d
ÿ¾j,;djhka
Yla;Ska
j¾;udk
;;ajh
iQodkï ùu uqyqK §u m%;sm%dma;sh ,sys,a lsÍu
10 09 09 08
29

wjYH;d ;lafiare lsrSfï
wjia:dj
m%uqL;d.;
lsrSu
fN!;Sh
wdh;ksl
cSjfkdamdh
iudchSh
wd¾Ósl
mdrsirsl
1 6 3 9 4 6
wdh;ksl
cSjfkdamdh
iudchSh
wd¾Ósl

ie,iqï ilia lsrSfï iy ixj¾Okh
lsrSfï wjia:djka
l%shdldrS jev
ie,eiau
ie,eiau
ls%hd;aul lsrSu
fN!;Sh
wdh;ksl
cSjfkdamdh
iudchSh
wd¾Ósl
mdrsirsl
miq úmru iy
we.hSu
m%uqL;d.; lsrSu
1 6 3 9 4 6

Lesson-8
• we<nv wuqK ms<silr lsrSu
• cx.u ikSmdrCIl iy ffjoH fiajdjka imhd
.ekSu
• j.d pl%h ilid .ekSu
• Tre ,nd oSu
• yeä.,a, we< msrsisÿ lsrSu
• mdkSh c, l%uhla ilid .ekSu
• fndalal= m%udKh jeä lrñka m%Odk ud¾.h Wia
fldg iliaa lsrSu
• iïm;a yd fufyhqï uOHia:dkhla bos lsrSu

ño,k wdlD;sh
wd¾Ósl
cSjfkdamdh
wdh;ksl
fN!;Sh
we<nv wuqK ms<silr lsrSu
,sys,a
lsÍu
.x j;=frka ù j.djg jk ydksh wju
lr .ekSug j.d pl%h ilid .ekSu
w;=re mdrj,a hg jQ úg m%%Odk ud¾.hg
meñKSu ioyd Tre ,nd oSu
iïm;a yd fufyhqï uOHia:dkhla bos
lsrSu
.ug mdkSh c, l%uhla ilid .ekSu
,sys,a
lsÍu
iQodkï ùu
iQodkï ùu
,sys,a lsÍu
mdrsirsl
fndalal= m%udKh jeä lrñka m%Odk
ud¾.h Wia fldg iliaa lsrSu
yeä.,a, we< msrsisÿ lsrSu ,sys,a lsÍu
,sys,a lsÍu
iudchSh .x j;=r ld,hg .ug cx.u ikSmdrCIl
iy ffjoH fiajdjka imhd .ekSu
uqyqK §u
taldnoaOl%shdldrSjevie,eiau

n,mEï igyk Impact Diagram
• - fuf;la idlÉPd l< fuj,ï Ndú;d lrk ,oafoa
;;aj úYaf,aIK i|ydh' tajd mokï fldg f.k ck
cSú;h i|yd t,a, jk n,mEï ms<sn| wjfndaO lr
.ekSu n,mEï igyfka wruqKhs
• - fuys oS wm i,ld n,kakg iQodkï jk .eg¿j jvd
.eUqrg ú.%y lr .ekSula is÷ fõ' udkislj" fN!;slj"
wdrA:slj" iudchsl wdoS jYfhka m%cdjg is÷ jk n,mEu"
tjeks n,mEï j,g miqìï jk idol iy fya;= wdosh
fuys oS wjfndaO fldg .; yels fõ
• - úfgl .eg¿jg úiÿula fiùfï oS tys ióm;u
fya;=j oek .ekSu muKla iEfykafka ke;' thg miqìï
jk fjk;a fya;= y÷kd f.k tajd úioSu ;=,ska m%Odk
.eg¿j úiod .ekSfï udrA. ilid .; yel
Lesson-8

isoaê wOHhkh Case Studies
• w;S; is÷ùula ^idudkHfhka is÷ fkdjk& úurAYk lsrSu isoaê wOHhkhhs'
m%cdj uqyqK ÿka hï is÷ ùula tys w;aoelSï ,;a wh iuÕ idlÉPd fldg
wjfndaO fldg .ekSu isoaê wOHhkhhs
• wdmodjla kï tjekakla ms<sn| mQrAjfhka y÷kd .;a ix{d fudkjd o"
tjekaklg uqyqK ÿkafka flfia o" ta u.ska we;s jqKq iudc" wdrA:sl yd
mrsird;aul fjkialï fudkjd o hkak idlÉPdjg Ndckh fõ
• jvd jeo.;a foh kï tu wdmodfõ ys;lr yd wys;lr foaj,a fudkjd o"
;;ajh oshqKq l< yels wdldr fudkjd o hk foa y÷kd .ekSfuka bosrsfha
oS tjka is÷ùulska is÷ jk n,mEu wju lr.; yels ùuhs
• flfia jqj o tjeks is÷ùï ld,h iuÕ fjkia jQjdkï ta fudkjd o hkak
oek .ekSfuka j;auka ;;ajhg th wod, lr .; yel
• lKavdhu f;dard .; hq;af;a tu is÷ùug uqyqK ÿka whf.ks' fuu
idlÉPdfõ oS jvd fmdÿ m%Yak jkqfha fudlla o@ fldfydu o@ ljqo @ iy
wehs hkakh Lesson-8

isoaê wOHhk - mshjrhka Case Studies - steps
• wrAO jHQy.; wdlD;sh ms<sfh, lr .ekSu
• idlÉPdfõ wruqKq ksjerosj y÷kajd oSu
• flá W;a;r j,g jvd úia;rd;aul m%ldYhka osrsu;a
lrkak
• wdmodjg fmr iudc ;;ajh úurAYkh lrkak
- N+ñ m%udK" ck.ykh" f.j,a wdosh
- lDIsldrAñl iy wdrA:sl ;;ajh
- fmdÿ myiqlï ^m%jdykh" fi!LHh" wOHdmkh
wdosh&
• wdmodj we;s ùug fya;=
• mrsird;aul idOl
• udkj l%shdldrs;ajhka
Lesson-8

• mQrAj wdmod ix{d
– wdmodj we;s ùug fmr meh$ osk
– wdmodj we;s ùug fudfyd;lg fmr
• wdmodjg iQodkñ ùu
– c,h" wdydr wdosh /ialr ;eîu
– T!IO tl;= lr .ekSu
– mQrAj wdmod ix{d j,g wjOdkh fhduq lsrSu
– ;djld,sl l=á" wjYH wdïmkak wdosh iQodkï lr .ekSu
• wdmodjg uqyqK oSu
– wdmod ;;ajhg ixúOdkh ùu iy uqyqK oSu
– n,mE mqoa.,hska wdrCIs; ;eka j,g /f.k hEu
• rcfhka iy fjk;a wdh;k j,ska wdOdr ,nd .ekSu
Lesson-8

• wdmodjg miq ;;ajh
– mqKre;a:dmk lghq;=
– wdOdr iy iyK fiajd
• ydks h:d;;ajhg m;a lsrSu
– ydks
• fN!;sl ydks
• iudchsl ^mjq,a" ksjdi" cSú;" foam,&
• wdrA:sl ^lDIsldrAñl iy wdrA:sl ydks&
• fmdÿ foam, ydks ^f.dvke.s,s" udrA." we,j,a" md,ï wdosh&
– m%;sia:dmkhg .; jk ld,h
– weia;fïka;=
– .; l< ld,h
– m%;sia:dmkh l< m%udK
– m%;sia:dmkh fkdl< m%udK
• wdmod n,mEu wju lsrSug fhdackdLesson-8

Lesson 10 Participatory Rural Appraisal

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