2. Definition of Surveying
Surveying in civil engineering refers to the science and art of making precise
measurements of the relative position of natural and man-made features on the earth's
surface, and using this information to create accurate maps, plans, and data that are
essential for the planning, design, and construction of infrastructure projects such as
buildings, roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, and water supply systems.
Surveying involves the use of specialized equipment and techniques to measure
distances, angles, elevations, and other data that are used to guide the construction
process and ensure the safety and functionality of the finished project.
3. Importance of Surveying in Civil
Engineering
Surveying is an important aspect of civil engineering and plays a critical role in the planning,
design, and construction of infrastructure projects. The data collected through surveying helps
in determining the dimensions, topography, and location of a construction project, which is
used in the design and construction process.
4. Applications of Surveying in Civil
Engineering.
Surveying plays a critical role in civil engineering projects as it provides the necessary data for
the planning, design, and construction of infrastructure projects.
Some of the applications of surveying in civil engineering include:
1. Site Analysis and Selection
2. Mapping and Layout
3. Construction
4. Road and Highway Design
5. Bridge Design
6. Water Supply Systems
7. Environmental Management
5. Concepts of Plane and Geodetic Surveying.
There are two main types of surveying: Plane surveying and Geodetic surveying.
• Geodetic surveying on the other hand, takes
into account the curvature of the earth and is
used for larger areas and longer distances.
• Plane surveying is used for small areas and
short distances and assumes that the earth
is flat.
6. Principles of Surveying.
There are several principles of surveying, including accuracy,
precision, and reliability.
1. Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value.
2. Precision refers to the level of consistency in a set of
measurements.
3. Reliability refers to the ability to obtain the same results in
repeated measurements.
7. Plans and Maps.
Plans and maps are used to represent the data collected through surveying.
1. Plans are used to show the horizontal layout of a project.
2. maps show the vertical elevation of a project.
Plans and maps are important for communication between engineers, contractors, and
other stakeholders involved in a project.
Plans Maps
8. Equipment Used in Surveying.
There are various equipment used in surveying, including
1. Theodolites.
2. Total station.
3. GPS (Global Positioning System) Receivers.
4. Laser scanners.
5. Chain.
6. Measuring Tape.
7. Leveling Instruments.
8. Tripod Stand.
9. Prism.
10. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
The equipment used depends on the type and size of the project.
9. Conclusion.
In conclusion, surveying is a critical component of civil engineering and plays an
important role in the planning, design, and construction of infrastructure projects. The
data collected through surveying helps ensure the accuracy and reliability of a
construction project.
