This document discusses the utilization of co-products from oilseed processing and potato waste in animal feed. It provides information on feed production in India, composition and use of various oilseed meals and co-products in feed. Potato waste and rejected potato chips can be used to produce nutritious animal feed pellets after processing. The document also outlines the associations involved in the feed industry and the various steps in processing feed from raw materials.

1. Utilization of co-products of oil
seed processing and potato waste
in animal feed
Devinder Dhingra

2. Feeds by categories
•Cattle feed
•Broiler /Layer feed
•Fish feed
•Pet feed
•Others

3. Associations
CLFMA- Compound Livestock Feed
Manufacturers Association of India
SEAI- Solvent Extractors Association of
India
ASA-IM- American Soybean Association-
Intl. Mktg

4. • 70 % of the cost of milk/ meat production
goes for fodder/ feed , 30 % ( medical/
labour cost)
• Feeding food waste to animals is a
competitive alternative to grain/protein
sorces

5. Production in India in 2009 (Source: FAO)
[Meat ‘000 tonnes (carcass weight equivalent); Milk: million
tonnes ]
Bovine meat 2,848
Ovine meat 800
Pig meat 500
Poultry meat 2,624
Milk & milk products 112.3

6. Table: Feed use by animal types
Poultry 40-42 %
Pigs 30 %
Dairy cattle 16 %
Beef cattle 6 %
Fish 4 %
Others 3 %
Alimuhammed Lakdawala, Anandrarthi Commodites Ltd.

7. World feed demand
Cereals : 775 million tonnes
(128 million tonnes + 638 million tonnes)
Oilcakes : 115 million tonnes
Total oilseeds production (world): 440 million tonnes
World oilseed meal usage : 314 million tonnes

8. Table: Indian Production of Oilseeds/ Oil Bearing Materials
vis-à-vis Availability of oilcakes/meal (Quantity in Mn. T)
Commodity 2009-10 (P) 2008-09 2007-08
Oilseed* Oilcake/Mea
l
Oilseed* Oilcake/Mea
l
Oilseed* Oilcake/Mea
l
Groundnut
(In Shell)
5.12 1.54 5.92 1.78 6.89 2.07
Rapeseed 6.42 2.89 6.70 3.02 4.79 2.15
Soybean 8.50 5.10 8.90 5.34 9.46 5.68
Sunflowersee
d
0.99 0.74 1.15 0.86 1.46 1.10
Seasame 0.76 0.42 0.58 0.32 0.66 0.43
Safflower 0.15 0.08 0.17 0.09 0.17 0.09
Copra 0.66 0.21 0.65 0.22 0.65 0.22
Cottonseed 9.15 7.78 8.68 7.38 9.92 8.42
Ricebran 3.50 2.62 3.90 2.90 3.80 2.85
Minor
Oilseeds
0.50 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.40
Total 35.75 21.78 37.15 22.31 38.30 23.43
* Trade estimate

9. Table:Soybean usage trends in animal feed industry
Sector Current Soy use (MMT)
Broiler 2.00
Layer 1.00
Aquaculture 0.19
Dairy 0.10
Others 0.10
Total 3.39
Crush for oil/Crush for meal
•More protein
•Lower FCR

10. Table: Composition of oilseed meals & cereal byproducts
Dry
matter,
%
CP, % MET LYS THR TRP
( % of C P)
Soy meal 89.11 48.34 1.29 6.10 3.81 1.30
Rapeseed
meal
90.40 38.67 1.85 4.52 4.32 2.68
Sunflower
meal
91.09 30.38 2.16 3.54 3.54 1.29
Groundnut
meal
92.48 43.41 1.12 3.42 2.62 0.99
DORB 88.98 16.97 1.95 4.64 3.87 1.23
CGM 90.67 62.97 2.25 1.71 3.31 0.53
MET- Methonine LYS- Lysine THR- Threonine TRP- Tryptophan

11. SOYMEAL
Protein Not less than 50-51 %
Fibre 3-3.5 %
Fat 1-1.5 %
Sand- Silica 0.15 %
Moisture Not more than 10 %
Protein solubility in KOH: 70-85 %
Protein dispersibility indicator (PDI): 15-30 %
Urease Index: rise in pH < 0.3

12. Table: Proximate analysis of raw potatoes and waste potato
pulp and rejected chips
Parameters Raw potato(%) Potato pulp-
waste (%)
Potato chips-
rejected (%)
Moisture 77.8 75.5 4.6
Protein 2.1 2.4 9.8
Fat 0.1 0.1 32.7
Crude fibre 0.9 1.0 4.7
Crude ash 1.1 1.1 3.9
Moisture 77.8 75.5 4.6

13. Fig: Animal feed pellets prepared from potato waste

14. Table:Composition of animal feed prepared from potato
waste
Parameters Contents (% dry weight)
Moisture 11.32
Protein 24.77
Fat 7.76
Crude fibre 7.60
Crude ash 4.49
Acid insoluble ash 3.88
True density 1.39-1.43 g/cc

15. WASTE TREATMENT USE
Banana peel Vermi composting Vermi compost
Skin/seed/peels Vermi composting Vermi compost
Tomato skin/seeds Extraction of lycopene Lycopene
Mango kernels/peel Drying Animal feed
Apple pomace Chemical/biochemical conversion Vinegar, pectin, dietary fibre
Carbohydrate/starch rich fractions
(potato pulp,corn solubles etc.)
Fermentation
Substrate for micro-organisms
Alcohol
Enzymes
Apple pomace Chemical/biochemical conversion Vinegar, pectin, dietary fibre
Mollases Fermentation Ethanol
Fish waste Drying Feedstuff for poultry, fish

16. Cleaner
Destoner
Hammer mill / grinder or pulveriser
(screen size 2.5 mm; 0.6-0.8 mm)
Mixer/Blender
Vertical pelletiser/Horizontal pelletiser
(rpm 125-300; 6/9/12mm)
Extruder with pre-conditioner
Drier
Weighing and bagging machines.
Feed Processing

17. Cattle feed pilot
plant
Grinder
mixer
Blender
Vertical
Pelletizer
Horizont
al
Pelletize
r

20. Extrusion Processing
•Good for processing ingredients & feed
•Provides formulation flexibility
•Versatile in giving physical shape/size
•Higher water stability
•Higher physical integrity
•Higher fat absorption capacity
•Ability to control product density
•Enhances feed efficiency
•Prolongs shelf life / sterilizes
•Good gelatinization of starches (90%)

21. Extrusion Hardware