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2.  Introduction
 Definition
 Types of biodiversity
-Genetic biodiversity
-Species biodiversity
-Ecological biodiversity
 Biodiversity status of india
-Plant species diversity
-Floristic status
 Conclusion
 Reference
SYNOPSIS

3. INTRODUCTION
Biodiversity is shortened from of two words “Biological” and “Diversity”.
Biodiversity term coined by Walter G. Rosen(1986).
Biodiversity is refer to all variety of life that can be found on earth (plant,
animal, fungi, and micro-organism) as well to the communities that they form
and the habitats in which they live.
Biodiversity holds ecological and economic significance. It provides us with
nourishment, housing, fuel, clothing and several other resources. It also
extracts monetary benefits through tourism. Therefore, it is very important to
have a good knowledge of biodiversity for a sustainable livelihood.

4. DEFINITION
It has been defined variously such as “ The richness in variety and variability
of species of all living organisms in a give region (habitat).
A concise definition of biodiversity is “ The totality of gene, species, and
ecosystem in a region”.
According to the U.S. office of technology assessment (1987), biological
diversity is
“The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological
complex in which they occur.”
“Biodiversity is the variation among living organisms from different sources
including terrestrial, marine and desert ecosystems, and the ecological
complexes of which they are a part.”

5. TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
There are the following three different types of biodiversity:
•Genetic Biodiversity
•Species Biodiversity
•Ecological Biodiversity

6. Genetic diversity :-
It refers to the variations among the genetic resources of the organisms. Every
individual of a particular species differs from each other in their genetic
constitution. That is why every human looks different from each other.
Similarly, there are different varieties in the same species of rice, wheat, maize,
etc.

7. Species diversity:-
Species diversity refers to the variety of different types of species found in a
particular area. It is the biodiversity at the most basic level. It includes all the
species ranging from plants to different microorganisms.
No two individuals of the same species are exactly similar. For example, humans
show a lot of diversity among themselves.

8. Ecological diversity:-
An ecosystem is a collection of living and non-living organisms and their
interaction with each other. Ecological biodiversity refers to the variations in the
plant and animal species living together and connected by food chains and food
webs.
It is the diversity observed among the different ecosystems in a region.
Diversity in different ecosystems like deserts, rainforests, mangroves, etc.,
include ecological diversity.

9. Biodiversity status of india
 During the last few years, the subject of conservation of biological diversity
has attracted considerable attention at the national and global levels. India is a
rich center of biodiversity and has contributed many economic plants to the
world and many useful genes for genetic upgrading of cultivated plants and
domesticated animals.
 India has a land mass of 329 million hectare's with a diversified Eco-
geographical regions. Almost all types of habitats available in the world are
found in India. There are two bio-geographical realms in India and it is the
confluence of floras and faunas of Africa, Mediterranean, European, Sino
Japanese and Malayan regions. As a result, we have a rich biological diversity

10. Plant Species diversity
At present 1.7 million species have been recorded so far in the world (Global
Biodiversity, 1995). India’s contribution to this record stands at 7 %. Surveys
conducted so far have inventorised over 46,000 species of plants and over 89,000
species of animals. Survey and inventorisation of India’s biodiversity is still far
from complete especially the lower groups of plants and invertibrate animal.

11. Based on the available data, India ranks 10 in the world and 4 in Asia in plant
diversity and ranks 11 in the number of Angiosperm species. India ranks 10 in
the number of mammalian species and 11 in the number of endemic species of
higher vertebrates in the world.

12. Floristicstatus
As noted earlier 46,000
species of plants
representing about 12 %
of the recorded world’s
flora have already been
identified. Comparative
statement of recorded
number of plant species in
India and the world.

13.  Flowering plants accounts nearly 17,500 among 46,000 species of plants. The
important economic species includes rice, sugarcane, beans, banana, Citrus,
mango, coconut, tea, cotton, jute, pepper, ginger, Jasmines, bamboos,
Orchids, betel leaf etc.
 Two regions of our country harbours maximum diversity, they are North-East
and South-West India. The North- East region is a very active center of
evolution and has diversity for a number of plants like Rhododendron,
Camellia, Magnolia, Buddleia, etc.
 On the basis of distribution pattern of plants, Good (1953), divided plant
wealth into 37 floristic zones. With in these zones, pockets of diversity of
plants species arose and they were domesticated by human kind during the
past 10,000 years. During these years enormous variability was generated
because of mutation, recombination and selection process. The result being
complex variation pattern in plants. These evolved plants bear little or no
resemblance with their ancestorsss.

14. Biodiversity is our life. If the biodiversity got lost at this rate then in near
future, the survival of human being will be threatened. So, it is our moral
duty to conserve biodiversity as well our environment. Long term
maintenance of species and their management requires co-operative
efforts across entire landscapes. Biodiversity should be dealt with at scale
of habitats or ecosystem rather than at species level.

15. • BOOK- Ecology & Environment
Writer- P.D. Sharma
• Website- www.freesciencenots.com
www.Biologicaldisscussion.com