History and basic teaching in Hinduism

2. HISTORY
•WHERE “HINDU” CAME FROM?
•WHO IS HINDU?
•WHAT IS HINDUISM?
•WHEN IT APPEAR?
•WHO IS THE PIONER?

3. HINDU
Hindu is
derived word
from sanskrit
called ‘Shindu’.
Shindu is
historical local
name for Indus
River.
Term ‘Hindu’
firstly is refer to
geographical
term for people
who live beyond
indus river and
didn’t refer to
the religion.
Century
In 14th
Century,
term
‘Hindu’
occasionall
y used in
some of
sanskrit
text.Term Hindu as
‘religion’
(Dharma) was
set in
opposition of
Islam (Turaka
Darma) by
poets such as
Vidyapati,
Khabir and
16th - to 18th -
century Bengali
Gaudiya
Vaishnava texts
including
Chaitanya
Charitamrita and
Chaitanya
Bhagavata also
made similar
comparisons
In the end of 18th
century, the
European merchants
and colonists began
to refer to the
followers of Indian
religions collectively
as Hindus
term Hinduism
introduced into
the English
language to
denote the
religious,
philosophical, and
cultural traditions
native to India in
19th century.

4. WHAT IS HINDUISM?
Century
Decline of
Buddhism in India
4th 5th - 8th
Traditions of Vedic
Brahmanism and the
mystical schools of
Vedanta were
combined with
Shramana traditions
and regional cults to
give rise to the socio-
religious and cultural
sphere
The result of
combination
discribes as
“Hinduism”
18th6500
Earliest of the
Hindu scriptures
– The Rig Veda
– was composed
well
Hindu have
existed – Refer to
Shindu in sanskrit
text.
10.000
Cannot
be traced
to any
one
individual
1st - 2nd
Term Hein-tu"
was used by
Chinese, for
referring to
North Indian
people
Term of
Hinduism
become well
known in
english
language as
religion of
India people.
Hinduism has
accommodate
d a host of
new religious
and reform
movements -
Arya Samaj
(the most
notable) 
output
19th
Some scholars,
seeing
Hinduism as a
19th-century
construct
Continue

5. BEALIVE
“Truth is one; sages call it by different names”
• What Do Hindus People Believe?
• Who Is Hindus Bealive As God(s)?

6. WHAT DO HINDUS PEOPLE BEALIVE?
Three (3) basic beliefs are generally regarded as boundaries outside of
which lies either heresy or non-Hindu religion. These fundamental Hindu
beliefs include:
1. The authority of the Vedas (the oldest Indian sacred texts) and the
Brahmans (priests)
2. The existence of an enduring soul that transmigrates from one body to
another at death (reincarnation - samsara)
3. The law of karma that determines one's destiny both in this life and the
next

7. WHO IS HINDUS BEALIVE AS GOD(S)?
Most Hindus venerate one or more deities, but regard these as
manifestations of Ultimate Reality. So who, or what, is the Ultimate
Reality that is behind the universe and all the gods? In the Veda, it
is referred to as "the One." In the Purushasukta, it is given the
name "Purusha," and in the Upanishads it is called "Brahman," "the
One," and several other names. But overall, Hindus call Him as
Brahma: The Ultimate Reality

8. BEALIVE CONT,,,
The
Creator
and
Destroyer
Shiva
The
Preserver
Visnu
The
Protecting
Mother
Devi
His consorts
include the loving
Parvati and the
ferocious Durga,
who represent the
feminine aspects
of his complex
nature.
The one who
protect the
creatures and his
two most popular
incarnations is
Krishna and
Rama.
Appears in some form
in every region of India.
She is often identified
as the creative energy
of the universe, and is
considered by her
followers the equal of
Vishnu and Shiva.

9. BEALIVE CONT,,,
Brahma
Shiva Visnu Devi
Shiva, Visnu, Devi letter have more and more reincarnation and the
represntation of their ‘Godness’ into several ‘Gods’. The number of Gods up to
350 million Gods who representation of every single people’s need and
willingness. In the end, all of Gods are representation of ONE GOD, BRAHMA.

10. BASIC TEACHING
People said there are 4 basic teaching in Hinduism, but if we refer to Veda
basic teaching in Hinduism devided into three, there are;
1. Dharma is the religious duty of people to follow the principals of the
cosmic order, including the rules that guide the morality of all human
beings. Adherence to dharma means following laws and virtues for a good
way of living.
2. Karma, on the other hand, is the set of individual rules for a specific
person's life based on their status and deeds in both their current and past
lives. Any future existence depends upon a person's good and evil actions.
3. Moksha is the state of escaping the sufferings of the physical world in
death. It is the end goal in a person's life and marks the end of the cycle
of rebirth

11. BASIC TEACHING CONT,,,
From those both basic teaching and bealive, Satguru Sivaya
Subramuniyaswami, Hinduism Today's founder, assembled these beliefs, a
creed shared by most Hindus, to summarize a vast and profound faith. If we
summerize his writing, we got “9 basic bealive - teaching” those are;

12. ReverenceforOur
RevealedScriptures
Hindus believe
in the divinity of
the Vedas, the
world's most
ancient
scripture, and
venerate the
Agamas as
equally
revealed. These
primordial
hymns are
God's words.
All-PervasiveDivinity
Hindus believe in a
one, allpervasive
Supreme Being who
is both immanent
and transcendent,
both Creator and
Unmanifest Reality.
CompassionandNoninjury
Hindus believe that
all life is sacred, to
be loved and
revered, and
therefore practice
ahimsa, "noninjury."
TheLawsofKarmaand
Dharma
Hindus believe in
karma--the law of
cause and effect by
which each individual
creates his own
destiny by his
thoughts, words and
deeds--and in
dharma, righteous
living.
ThreeWorldsandCyclesof
Creation
Hindus believe there
are three worlds of
existence--physical,
astral and causal--
and that the universe
undergoes endless
cycles of creation,
preservation and
dissolution.
Reincarnationand
Liberation
Hindus believe that the
soul reincarnates, evolving
through many births until
all karmas have been
resolved, and moksha--
spiritual knowledge and
liberation from the cycle of
rebirth--is attained. Not a
single soul will be eternally
deprived of this destiny.
Templesandthe
InnerWorlds
Hindus believe that divine
beings exist in unseen
worlds and that temple
worship, rituals,
sacraments as well as
personal devotionals create
a communion with these
devas and Gods.
YogaGuidedbya
Satguru
Hindus believe that a
spiritually awakened
master, or satguru, is
essential to know the
Transcendent Absolute, as
are personal discipline,
good conduct, purification,
pilgrimage, self-inquiry and
meditation
GenuineRespectfor
OtherFaiths
Hindus believe that no
particular religion teaches
the only way to salvation
above all others, but that
all genuine religious paths
are facets of God's Pure
Love and Light, deserving
tolerance and
understanding.

13. PHILOSOPHY
Hindu philosophy is the longest
surviving philosophical tradition in India.
We can recognize several historical stages.
The earliest, from around 700 BC, was the
proto-philosophical period, when karma
and liberation theories arose, and the
proto-scientific ontological lists in the
upanisads were compiled.

14. PHILOSOPHY
The history of Hindu philosophy can
be divided roughly into three, largely
overlapping stages:
Non-Systematic
Hindu Philosophy,
found in the Vedas
and secondary
religious texts
(beginning in the
2nd millennia
B.C.E.)
Systematic Hindu
Philosophy
(beginning in the 1st
millennia B.C.E.)
Neo-Hindu
Philosophy
(beginning in the
19th century C.E.)

15. PHILOSOPHY
Non-systematic Hindu Philosophy: The Religious Texts
• The vedas
Are a large corpus, originally committed to memory and transmitted orally from teacher to student. The term “veda” means "knowledge" or "wisdom" and embodies what was likely
regarded by its original attendants as the sum-total of the knowledge of their people. On the basis of linguistic variations in the corpus, contemporary scholars are of the opinion that
the vedas were composed at various points during approximately a 900 year span that can be no later than 1500 B.C.E. To 600 B.C.E.. The vedas are composed in an indo-european
language that is loosely referred to as sanskrit, but much of it is in an ancient precursor to sanskrit, more properly called vedic.
The vedic corpus is comprised of four works each called “vedas.” The four vedas are ṛg veda, sāma veda, yajur veda and atharva veda, respectively. Each of the four vedas is edited
into four distinct sections: mantras, brāhmanas, āraṇyakas, and upaniṣads.
• Secondary Texts: Smṛti Literature
On many traditional Hindu accounts (specifically the account found in the Pūrvamīmāṃsā and Vedānta schools), the Vedas are regarded as “śruti”, "heard" or revealed texts, and are
contrasted with smṛti or remembered texts. The smṛti texts are far more numerous, but purport to be based upon the learning of the Vedas. Unlike the Vedas, the smṛtis were
traditionally regarded as appropriate for general consumption, while the Vedas were regarded as the sole preserve of the high castes. The smṛti literature, as a rule, was originally
authored in Sanskrit. Over time, however, translations into vernacular languages became popular, and additional texts were authored in vernaculars.
The Vedas Smṛti Literature

16. PHILOSOPHY
Stage Two: Systematic Hindu Philosophy: the Darśanas
The history of Indian philosophy is replete with darśanas. Darśana (also Darśan or Darshan; Sanskrit: दर्शन) is
a term meaning "auspicious sight" (in the sense of an instance of seeing or beholding and being seen or
beheld at the same time; from a root dṛś "to see"), vision, apparition, or glimpse. It is most commonly used
for theophany, "manifestation / visions of the divine" in Hindu worship, e.g. of a deity (especially in image
form), or a very holy person or artifact. One could also "receive" darshana or a glimpse of the deity in the
temple, or from a great saintly person, such as a great guru.
Darshan is ultimately difficult to define, since it is an event in consciousness—an interaction in presence
between devotee and God/guru; or between devotee and image or sculpture, which focuses and calls out the
consciousness of the devotee. In either event, a heightening of consciousness or spirituality is the intended
effect. A convention has developed over the centuries to count systematic Hindu philosophy as being
comprised of six (āstika, or Veda recognizing) darśanas. The six darśanas are: Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, Sāṅkhya,
Yoga, Pūrvamīmāṃsā, and Vedānta.

17. PHILOSOPHY
Stage Three: Neo-Hinduism
The term “Neo-Hinduism” refers to a conception of the Hindu religion formed by recent authors who were learned in
traditional Indian philosophy, and English. Famous Neo-Hindus include Swami Vivekānanda (1863-1902) the famous
disciple of the traditional Hindu saint Rāma-Kṛṣṇa, and India’s first president, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) a
professional philosopher who held academic posts at various universities in India and Oxford, in the UK.
A famous formulation of the doctrine of Neo-Hinduism is the simile that likens religions to rivers, and the oceans to
God: as all rivers lead to the ocean so do all religions lead to God. Similarly, Swami Nirvenananda in his book Hinduism
at a Glance writes:
All true religions of the world lead us alike to the same goal, namely, to perfection if, of course, they are followed
faithfully. Each of them is a correct path to Divinity. The Hindus have been taught to regard religion in this light.
(Nivernananda, p.20.)
Swami
Vivekānanda
saint Rāma-
Kṛṣṇa
Sarvepalli
Radhakrishnan
Swami
Nirvenananda

18. RITUALS
• The religious life of many hindus is focused on devotion to god (perceived as brahman, shiva, vishnu, or
shakti) or several gods. This devotion usually takes the form of rituals and practices associated with sculptures
and images of gods in home shrines.
• More philosophically-minded hindus ignore the gods altogether and seek realization of the self through intense
meditation. Still others focus primarily on fulfilling the social and moral duties appropriate to their position in life.
• These various approaches are regarded as equally valid, and in fact are formally recognized as three paths
(margas) to liberation:
• bhaktimarga (the path of devotion)
• jnanamarga (the path of knowledge or philosophy), and
• karmamarga (the path of works and action)

19. RITUALS
HINDU RELIGIOUS STAGES
Hindu religious practices center on the importance of fulfilling the duties associated both with one's social position and one's stage
of life. With regard to the latter, traditional hindus are expected to pass through four stages (ashramas) over the course of their life:
• Brahmacharga, which takes place during the school years, is focused on acquiring knowledge and developing character;
• Grastha, the middle years, is focused on worldly pursuits and pleasures such as marriage, family and career;
• Vanaprastha, when one's children reach adulthood, is a time of increased focus on spiritual things; and
• Sanngasu, in the last years of life, one may abandon the world entirely for a life of contemplation.

20. Ayurveda
Hatha Yoga
Kundalini
Yoga
Namaste
Greeting
Puja (Pooja)
The Sadhu
(Holy Man)
Temples
Rituals
The hindu traditions of
yoga and tantra which
leading to the ultimate goal
of raja yoga, or
contemplation of the one
reality
A tantric form of yoga focused on
awakening the kundalini, the latent
psychic energy that lies at the
base of the spine, and making it
rise through the seven chakras to
the top of the spine
A simple act made by
bringing together both
palms of the hands
before the heart, and
lightly bowing the head
A way of relating humans to the
domain and actions of the divine,
and can be performed for anything
considered divine, from Vishnu to
a holy tree
People who renounce their
possessions and devote
themselves to a particular
god and/or meditation, yoga
and spiritual discussion.
Place where the rituals
and ceremonies held
An ancient Hindu
system of medicine and
healing

21. CEREMONIES
Ceremonies may be performed during pregnancy to ensure the health of the mother and growing child. The father may part the
hair of the mother three times upward from the front to the back, to assure the ripening of the embryo. Charms may serve to ward
off the evil eye and witches or demons. At birth, before the umbilical cord is severed, the father may touch the baby's lips with a
gold spoon or ring dipped in honey, curds, and ghee. The word vak (speech) is whispered three times into the right ear, and
mantras are chanted to ensure a long life. A number of rituals for the infant include the first visit outside to a temple, the first
feeding with solid food (usually cooked rice), an ear-piercing ceremony, and the first haircut (shaving the head) that often occurs at
a temple or during a festival when the hair is offered to a deity.
Pregnancy, Birth, Infancy

22. CEREMONIES
A crucial event in the life of the orthodox, upper-caste Hindu male is an initiation (upanayana) ceremony, which takes place for
some young males between the ages of six and twelve to mark the transition to awareness and adult religious responsibilities. At
the ceremony itself, the family priest invests the boy with a sacred thread to be worn always over the left shoulder, and the parents
instruct him in pronouncing the gayatri mantra. The initiation ceremony is seen as a new birth; those groups entitled to wear the
sacred thread are called the twice-born. In the ancient categorization of society associated with the vedas, only the three highest
groups - Brahman, warrior (kshatriya), and commoner or merchant (vaishya) - were allowed to wear the thread, to make them
distinct from the fourth group of servants (shudra).Many individuals and groups who are only hazily associated with the old "twice-
born" elites perform the upanayana ceremony and claim the higher status it bestows. For young Hindu women in south India, a
different ritual and celebration occurs at the first menses.
Upanayana: The Thread Ceremony

23. MOST INTEREST BY DEDI BURHANUDIN
The most interesting about Hinduism is about their bealive to the gods. If we take a
look, this bealive is look like cristian who bealive “Father, Son, and Holy Spirit” as one
God and not three Gods. And when we see from islam perspective, we can see we
have the similarity between Hinduism and Islam. Hinduism bealive that we can go to
one God to ask something and go to another God to ask another thing. If we compare
this with Islam, we can see this is look like Angles in Islam. We know there are
uncountable angles which are Allah created and every single of angles have their own
duty. Like Mika’il who have duty to bring rain to the world. But the difference is, Islam
are not allow to workship Mika’il to ask the rain, but Hinduism ask (workship) God
representative to ask something.

24. MOST INTEREST BY BENEDICT TIMOTHI
Hinduism is generally regarded as the world's oldest organized religion. Hinduism is the world's
oldest extant religion, with a billion followers, which makes it the world's third largest religion.
Hinduism is a conglomeration of religious, philosophical, and cultural ideas and practices that
originated in india, characterized by the belief in reincarnation, one absolute being of multiple
manifestations, the law of cause and effect, following the path of righteousness, and the desire for
liberation from the cycle of births and deaths.

25. COMMENT BY DEDI BURHANUDIN
Based on what I have learn, its quite sad reality when people use term “religion” to
make his/her act become reasonable and forgivable. For example like ISIS who use
“Islam” as cover their act, but when we see closer, Islam never told to do that. Even
when we are in the middle of war, there are several rules for Islam people. When we
talk about the latest issue, assassination to Islam people and humiliation of Muslim
India by people who use “Hindu” as their cover. But when we look closer, Hindu (and
every single of religion) have faith to the God, goodness, and respect to other people
who have different faith. And when we talk about basic teaching in Hinduism, there are
no single thing that direct to the strictness. Balance about this life and the next life,
Karma, Dharma, and all of the basic teaching of Hinduism tell us about goodness,
softness and LOVE.

26. COMMENT BY BENEDICT TIMOTHI
I believe that all religion used to spread peace between all believers and we may respect other
beliefs. Conflict may happen sometimes between some religion believer and we should avoid any
kind of conflict and take the good spiritualism values between another religion. The vedas are the
list of rules and it contains a lot of guide which will lead the believers into peace and eternity.

27. THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION