1. The document discusses the relationship between central and local governments, and decentralization. It defines decentralization as the transfer of authority and responsibilities from the central government to subordinate or quasi-independent government organizations. 2. There are several types and forms of decentralization discussed, including political, administrative, fiscal, and market decentralization. Key forms include deconcentration, delegation to semi-autonomous agencies, and devolution to local governments. 3. Local autonomy is defined as local governments enjoying substantial independence, though not complete sovereign independence, from the central government.

1. HUBUNGAN ANTAR PEMERINTAHAN DAN
DESENTRALISASI
Ir. Deddy S. Bratakusumah, BE, MURP, M.Sc, PhD
deddys@bappenas.go.id
2014

2. DEDDY S BRATAKUSUMAH, 2016 2
BIODATA
Deddy Supriady Bratakusumah, PhD was born in Bandung, Indonesia in December 19, 1954. His elementary educations was
completed in Bandung. He was graduated the degree of Civil Engineer from State Polytechnic (ATN) in 1977, and the degree of
Sanitary Engineer from Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB) in 1983. In August 1991 he was granted the degree of Master of
Urban and Regional Planning from School of Architecture, University of Miami, Florida, USA. He received Master of Science
degree in Regional Science from Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA, in January 1996, and finally he granted the PhD in
Regional Science in May 1996 from Cornell University, USA.
He also attended some short courses: (1) The Economics Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA, 1989, (2) The Harvard
Institute of Affordable Housing, Harvard University, USA, 1990, (3) The Institute for Public-Private Partnerships, Washington,
DC., 1995, (4) JICA, Training Course on Local Government Administration for Indonesia, Hiroshima, Japan, 2001, (5) The Johns
Hopkins University and LAN-RI, Training of Trainers (TOT) on Learning Organization and Systems Thinking (LOST), Jakarta,
2003, (6) Endeavour Executive Award, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2008, (7) Innovative Government, Lee
Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore, 2009, (8) Change Management in a Globalized World, London School of
Economics and Political Science, London, 2012, (9)Training for Trainers on Monitoring and Evaluation, Takushoku University,
Tokyo, Japan, 2015, (10) Urban Nexus Training of Trainers (ToT), German Cooperation, GIZ and Bappenas, Jakarta, 2018. (12)
Japan-IMF Macroeconomic Seminar for Asia (JIMS), National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Tokyo, Japan, 2019.

3. DEDDY S BRATAKUSUMAH, 2016 3
His carreer began as an individual consultant in some consulting firms from 1977 until 1986. Since 1986 he is working as
Civil Servant at National Development Agency (Bappenas)/Ministry of National Development Planning, his position among
others; (1) Development Planner, (2) Chief of the Local Autonomy Study Center, (3) Chief of the National Civil Servant
Training Center, (4) Advisory Expert to Minister on Governance and Local Autonomy, (5) Deputy Minister for Governance,
and (6) Senior Planner and Trainer in Governace.
During his tenure he is also serving as lecturer in IPB University, University of Indonesia, Pasundan University, Brawijaya
University and Esa Unggul University. He is academic rank is “Lektor”.
Email Address: deddys@bappenas.go.id
pakbrata@gmail.com
Mobile: +62 816968367

4. 4
HUBUNGAN ANTAR PEMERINTAHAN

5. IHWAL HUBUNGAN ANTAR PEMERINTAHAN
INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATION WERE THUS CONCERNED WITH POLICY,
THAT IS, WITH CHOOSING COURSES OF ACTION AND ASSESING THEIR
PRACTICAL EFFECTS
(WRIGHT, 1988)
HUBUNGAN ANTAR PEMERINTAHAN MENYANGKUT KEBIJAKAN, DALAM
HAL INI, DENGAN MEMILIH TINDAKAN DAN MENILAI DAMPAK DAMPAK
DARI TINDAKAN TERSEBUT
5

6. HUBUNGAN PUSAT DAN DAERAH
1. SISTEM FEDERAL (FEDERAL SYSTEMS)
2. SISTEM KESATUAN (UNITARY SYSTEMS)
6

7. PEMERINTAHAN FEDERAL (FEDERAL STATES)
7
SENTRAL /
PEMERINTAH
FEDERAL
PROVINSI /
NEGARA
BAGIAN
KEDAULATAN
(TERPISAH DARI
OTONOMI
KONSTITUSIONAL)
CHECKS AND
BALANCES
(ADAPTED FROM HEYWOOD 2002)

8. FEDERALISME (FEDERALISM)
DISTRIBUSI KEKUATAN WILAYAH BERDASARKAN PEMBAGIAN KEDAULATAN
ANTARA FEDERAL (NASIONAL) DAN NEGARA BAGIAN
(A TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POWER BASED ON THE SHARING OF
SOVEREIGNITY BETWEEN CENTRAL (NATIONAL) AND PERIPHERAL ONES)
8

9. NEGARA KESATUAN (UNITARY STATES)
9
PEMERINTAH
PUSAT
PEMERINTAH
DAERAH
DEKONSENTRASI
(ADAPTED FROM HEYWOOD 2002)
KEDAULATAN
(SUPREMASI
KONSTITUSIONAL)

10. KESATUAN (UNITARY)
KEDAULATAN BERADA PADA LEMBAGA TUNGGAL, (PUSAT) NASIONAL
(THESE VEST SOVERIGN POWER IN A SINGLE, NATIONAL INSTITUTION)
10

11. DESENTRALISASI DAN OTONOMI DAERAH

12. APA ITU DESENTRALISASI (DECENTRALIZATION)?
DESENTRALISASI ADALAH PENGALIHAN OTORITAS DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB
ATAS FUNGSI PEMERINTAHAN DARI PEMERINTAHAN PUSAT KEPADA
PEMERINTAHAN DIBAWAHNYA ATAU BADAN SEMI-INDEPENDEN, DAN / ATAU
SEKTOR SWASTA
(DECENTRALIZATION IS THE TRANSFER OF AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY
FOR PUBLIC FUNCTIONS FROM THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO
SUBORDINATE OR QUASI-INDEPENDENT GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS
AND/OR THE PRIVATE SECTOR)
(WORLD BANK, 2001)
12

13. APA ITU DESENTRALISASI (DECENTRALIZATION)?
DESENTRALISASI ADALAH PERLUASAN OTONOMI LOKAL MELALUI
TRANSFER KEKUASAAN DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB DARI INSTANSI TINGKAT
NASIONAL
(DECENTRALIZATION IS THE EXPANSION OF LOCAL AUTONOMY THROUGH
THE TRANSFER OF POWERS AND RESPONSIBILITIES AWAY FROM
NATIONAL BODY)
(HEYWOOD, 2002)
13

14. ALASAN (THE REASONS)
SALAH SATU PERDEBATAN PALING PENTING DAN SERING DI NEGARA
BERKEMBANG ADALAH TENTANG DERAJAT PENGENDALIAN YANG DAPAT DAN
HARUS DILAKUKAN PEMERINTAH PUSAT TERHADAP PERENCANAAN
PEMBANGUNAN DAN ADMINISTRASI PEMBANGUNAN
(ONE OF THE MOST CRUCIAL AND RECURRING DEBATS IN THE DEVELOPING
WORLD IS ABOUT THE DEGREE OF CONTROL THAT CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS
CAN AND SHOULD HAVE OVER DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND
ADMINISTRATION)
(CHEEMA AND RONDINELLI, 1984)
14

15. ALASAN (THE REASONS)
MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI PERAN BAGI PEMERINTAHAN LOKAL ATAU
REGIONAL:
1. MENYELARASKAN DENGAN LEBIH BAIK PENYEDIAN PELAYANAN DENGAN
KEHENDAK MASYARAKAT
2. AKUNTABILITAS YANG LEBIH BAIK MELALUI PENDEKATAN KEMANFAATAN DENGAN
PEMBIAYAAN
3. MENINGKATKAN MOBILISASI PENDAPATAN DAERAH
4. PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT YANG BAIK DALAM PEMILIHAN OUTPUT YANG
DIHASILKAN
(GERVAIS, 1999)
15

16. TIPE DESENTRALISASI
DESENTRALISASI MENCAKUP:
1. POLITIK (POLITICAL)
2. ADMINISTRASI (ADMINISTRATIVE)
3. FISKAL (FISCAL)
4. PASAR (MARKET)
16

17. POLITICAL DECENTRALIZATION
POLITICAL DECENTRALIZATION AIMS TO GIVE CITIZENS OR THEIR ELECTED
REPRESENTATIVES MORE POWER IN PUBLIC DECISION-MAKING
(WORLD BANK, 2001)
17

18. FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION INVOLVES SHIFTING SOME RESPONSIBILITIES FOR
EXPENDITURES AND/OR REVENUES TO LOWER LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT
THE IMPORTANT IS:
THE EXTENT TO WHICH LOCAL ENTITIES ARE GIVEN AUTONOMY TO DETERMINE THE
ALLOCATION OF THEIR EXPENDITURE
(WORLD BANK, 2001)
18

19. ADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATION
ADMINISTRATIVE DECENTRALIZATION SEEKS TO REDISTRIBUTE AUTHORITY,
RESPONSIBILITY AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES FOR PROVIDING PUBLIC
SERVICES AMONG DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT
(WORLD BANK, 2001)
19

20. ECONOMIC OR MARKET DECENTRALIZATION
ECONOMIC OR MARKET DECENTRALIZATION WILL INCLUDE PRIVATIZATION
AND DEREGULATION. THEY SHIFT RESPONSIBILITY FOR FUNCTIONS FROM THE
PUBLIC TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR
(WORLD BANK, 2001)
20

21. FORMS OF DECENTRALIZATION
FORMS OF DECENTRALIZATION INCLUDE:
1. DECONCENTRATION
2. DELEGATION TO SEMI-AUTONOMOUS AGENCIES
3. DEVOLUTION TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT
4. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS FROM PUBLIC TO NONGOVERNMENT
INSTITUITION
(CHEEMA & RONDINELLI, 1984)
21

22. DECONCENTRATION
DECONCENTRATION INVOLVES THE REDISTRIBUTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE
RESPONSIBILITIES ONLY WITHIN THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
(CHEEMA & RONDINELLI, 1984)
22

23. DELEGATION TO SEMI-AUTONOMOUS AGENCIES
ANOTHER FORM OF DECENTRALIZATION IS THE DELEGATION OF DECISION-
MAKING AND MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY FOR SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS TO
ORGANIZATIONS THAT ARE NOT UNDER THE DIRECT CONTROL OF CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES
(CHEEMA & RONDINELLI, 1984)
23

24. DEVOLUTION TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT
ANOTHER FORM OF DECENTRALIZATION SEEKS TO CREATE OR STRENGTHEN
INDEPENDENT LEVELS OR UNITS OF GOVERNMENT THROUGH DEVOLUTION
OF FUNCTION AND AUTHORITY
(CHEEMA & RONDINELLI, 1984)
24

25. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS FROM PUBLIC TO NON-GOVERNMENT
INSTITUITION
DECENTRALIZATION TAKES PLACE IN MANY COUNTRIES THROUGH THE
TRANSFER OF SOME PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY, OR
OF PUBLIC FUNCTIONS, FROM GOVERNMENT TO VOLUNTARY, PRIVATE, OR
NON-GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
(CHEEMA & RONDINELLI, 1984)
25

26. WHAT IS LOCAL AUTONOMY?
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CAN BE SAID TO BE AUTONOMOUS IF THEY ENJOY A
SUBSTANTIAL DEGREE OF INDEPENDENCE, ALTHOUGH AUTONOMY IN THIS
CONNECTION IS SOMETIMES TAKEN TO IMPLY A HIGH MEASURE OF SELF-
GOVERNMENT, RATHER THAN SOVEREIGN INDEPENDENCE
(ADAPTED FROM HEYWOOD, 2002)
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27. THANK YOU
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