4. Ask the question: Does
it have the potential to
cause harm?
If the answer is yes,
then it is a hazard.
What Are Hazards?
Anything with the Potential to Cause Harm
Usually
hidden and in
latent form
4
People: Poor health,
injury or fatality
Environment: Negative
impact
Asset: Property Damage
Reputation: Business
Loss
9. Types of Hazards
In the work place, hazards are broadly categorized as:
Ergonomic Physical
Chemical Biological
Psychosocial
9
10. 10
Ergonomic Hazards
Definition: Hazards that occur when work, body
position or working conditions or environment
put strain on one’s body
Ergonomic hazards include
Posture
Workstation
Work Environment
12. 12
Physical Hazards
Definition: Hazards caused by transfer of
energy between an object and a worker.
Types of physical hazards include
Mechanical Hazard
Electrical Hazard
Thermal Hazard
Pressure Hazard
Environmental Hazard (noise, radiation, pollution)
Slips, Trips, and Falls
13. 13
Chemical Hazards
Definition: Hazards caused by inhale or
contact with chemicals.
Chemicals may be
Corrosive
Poisonous
Explosive
Chemical are found as
Solid
Liquid
Gas
14. 14
Biological Hazards
Definition: Hazards caused by contact with
living organisms or their by-products
Types of substances you may be exposed to include
Blood or other body fluids
Fungi
Bacteria and viruses
Plants
Insect bites
15. Psychosocial Hazards
Definitions: Hazards associated with the
mental stresses of work
Psychosocial hazards are caused by
Workload
Workplace Violence
Harassment
Peer Group Pressure
15
17. Presence of Hazards
Hazards in the work area are not always observable
to the eye; sometimes we need to look closer.
17
18. Hazard Identification – Consider the Past, Present
and Future
IdI
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ed
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a
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z
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a
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d
s
s
Historical
conditions
What has gone wrong in the past?
Root Cause
Historical Records
Process Experience
Near Misses
What could go wrong currently?
Brainstorming
Observation
Checklists
Existing
conditions
Future
conditions
What could go wrong due to change?
Possible Change
What-If Judgement
Prediction
18
19. 19
Hazard Identification (HAZID)
Hazard identification requires:
• Being team-based
• Being proactive when searching for hazards
• Assessing all hazards
• Also assessing current control system
21. What Is Risk?
Risk is the likelihood that a specified harm is
caused from a particular hazard.
hazard
risk
21
22. 22
What Is Risk?
Risk is a computation of the likelihood of harm
being done and severity of that harm
Risk = Likelihood X Severity
23. 23
What Is Risk Assessment?
A Risk Assessment is simply a careful examination of
• What, in your work,
• Could cause harm to people, so that you can
• Assess whether you have taken enough
precautions or
• Should do more to prevent harm.
24. 24
Risk Assessment - Steps
1. Hazard Identification
2. Identify who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks and decide on
precautions
4. Identify control measures and record your
findings
5. Communicate risks and recommend
actions and review if needed
25. 25
Risk Assessment - Steps
1. Hazard Identification
2. Identify who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks decide on precautions
4. Identify control measures and record your
findings
5. Communicate risks and recommend
actions and review if needed
26. 26
Step 2: Identify Who Might Be
Harmed and How
• Workers carrying out the
task
• Other nearby workers
• Visitors
• Maintenance staffs
• New/young workers
• Pregnant women
• Persons with disabilities
• Property
• Environment
• Company reputation
27. 27
Risk Assessment - Steps
1. Hazard Identification
2. Identify who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks and decide on
precautions.
4. Identify control measures and record your
findings.
5. Communicate risks and recommend
actions and review if needed
28. 28
Risk Assessment - Steps
1. Hazard Identification
2. Identify who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks and decide on
precautions
4. Identify control measures and record your
findings
5. Communicate risks and recommend
actions and review if needed
31. 31
Consequence: Levels of Severity
Harm to People
SEVERITY TABLE
Level Number Level Type Definition
1 Low Minor first aid treatment
2 Minor Medical treatment
3 Moderate Lost time injury
4 Major Fatality or permanent disability
5 Critical Multiple fatalities
33. 33
Likelihood
LIKELIHOOD TABLE
Level Number Level Type Definition
1 Rare Occurs at least once in 100 years
2 Unlikely Occurs at least once every 10 years
3 Possible Occurs at least once a year
4 Likely Occurs at least once a month
5 Almost Certain Occurs at least once a week
34. 34
Risk Assessment Table
RISK ASSESSMENT TABLE
SEVERITY
Low Minor Moderate Major Critical
1 2 3 4 5
L
I
K
E
L
I
H
O
O
D
Rare 1 1 2 3 4 5
Unlikely 2 2 4 6 8 10
Possible 3 3 6 9 12 15
Likely 4 4 8 12 16 20
Almost Certain 5 5 10 15 20 25
35. What We’ve Learned So Far: Review
Hazard Identification
Hazard & Scenario Analysis
Likelihood Consequences
Risk
1. Hazard Identification
2. Identify who might be harmed
and how
35
3. Evaluate the risks and decide on
precautions
Next:
4. Identify control measures and record your findings
5. Communicate risks and recommend actions and review
if needed
36. Step 4: Identify Control Measures
Hierarchy of Control Measures
Least
Preferred
36
Most
Preferred Eliminate / Substitute
Engineering Controls
Administrative Measures
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
37. 37
Definitions of Control Measures
Control Description Example
Elimination
Remove, redesign the process or
plant so the hazard does not exist
Eliminating the use of a
chemical
Substitution
Hazard substituted with something of
a lesser risk
Hazardous chemical with
Non hazardous chemical
Engineering/
Isolation
Hazard controlled through isolation
using an engineering measure
Machine guarding
Administrative/
Training
Hazard controlled by influencing
people
Safety procedures, rotation,
signage
Personal
Protective
Equipment
(PPE)
Hazard controlled by the use of
personal protective equipment
Respirators, hearing
protection, protection from
impact
42. 42
Step 5: Communicate Risks
Make the Case to
Management
• Top management
• Department managers
• Supervisors
Inform the
Relevant People
• Chemical handler
• Machine operator
• Iron section
• Other people at risk
43. 43
Inform the Relevant People
• Chemical handlers, machine operators, etc are at the front line of
risk and must be informed
• All high risk operation operators must be well trained in high risk
operation procedure
• Show them the hazard
• How it can be harmful
• How to manage hazard
• All operators should be trained in Safe Working Procedure
• Regular refresher trainings
44. 44
• Show them the findings.
• Ask them whether they agree with control measures.
• Remind them of the effectiveness of control measures
• Reach an agreement on control measures to be taken
• Carefully negotiate implementation plan and timeline
Meeting with Department Manager
45. 45
Review Risk Assessment
• Building Modification
• New equipment
• Changes to
– furniture,
– hazardous substances,
– work activities and
– storage of goods
• Incident
46. 46
1. Form the RA Team
Select five participants to form the RA team
• Suitable skills and experience
• Multi-disciplinary
• Equal participation
Creating Value of RA
47. 47
2. Train, Plan, and Conduct Risk
Assessment
• Train the team
• On hazard identification and Risk Assessment
• On how to record findings
• Plan the Risk Assessment at your factory
• Identify areas of factory to be assessed
• Assign areas for each team
• Set the timeline for Risk Assessment
• Communicate it to all supervisors and Department
managers.
Creating Value of RA
