1. MAPEH II -4TH GRADING
HEALTH
Substance abuse -refers to the harmful
hazardous use of psychoactive
substances including alcohol and illicit
drugs. - is also known
as “drug abuse” to which refers the
maladaptive pattern use of a substance
that is not considered dependent.
Drug- (WHO) World Health
Organization define this as any
substance, with the exception of food
and water, which when taken into the
body alters its function physically and
psychologically.
Alcoholic beverages- is a drink
containing ethanol, recreational drug
commonly known as alcohol.
Three general categories of alcoholic
beverages:
Beer - is world's oldest and most widely
consumed alcoholic beverages. It is
produced by brewing and fermentation
of starches which are mainly derived
from cereal grains.
Wine- is produced from grapes and
fruits such as plum, cherries, or apples.
- involves a longer fermentation
process and a long aging process
( months or years)
Spirits- unsweetened, distilled, alcoholic
beverages that have an alcohol content
at least 20%ABV.
Side effects of heavy drinking alcoholic
beverages:
• affects nervous system
• damage the liver and cause
alcoholic hepatitis and a fatty
liver( cirrhosis of the liver)
• increase the risk of developing
cancer of the esophagus, throat,
larynx , mouth and breast.
• It can damage the lining of the
small intestine and the stomach.
• Can impair sexual function.
Signs and symptoms of the person
that may indicate a problem with
alcohol:
• Loss of interest in activities and
hobbies
• Bloodshot eyes, slurred speech
and memory lapses
• Difficulties or changes in
relationships with friends, often
characterized by joining a new
crowd
• declining grades and problems in
school
• Frequent mood changes and
defensive behaviors
Smoking Cigarette
Cigarette- is a small role finely cut t
tobacco leaves wrapped in a c
ylinder of thin paper for smoking.
Nicotine- the primary psychoactive
chemical
in tobacco.
Effects of Cigarette smoking
• Smoking causes death
• Smoking increased Health Risks
• Smoking causes Cardiovascular
Disease, Respiratory disease,
Cancer
• Infertility, preterm delivery, still
birth
Prevention of smoking:
1. Develop a Plan
2. Medication
3.Avoiding Temptation
Chemical Inhalants
Inhalants- refers to chemical in
gaseous form or volatile
solvent (liquids) that becomes
gas at time of use, which are
inhaled by people for their
psychoactive effects.

2. Kinds of Inhalants
• Volatile Solvent are liquids
that became a gas at room
temperature .
Examples: thinner and
remover, gasoline, glues, and
felt-tip marker fluids
• Gases include medical
gases(ether, nitrous oxide)
and household or commercial
products ( butane, lighters,
propane tank, whipped cream
dispensers that contain
nitrous oxide and
refrigerants).
• Aerosol spray are some of
the most prevalent inhalants
in the home and include
spray paint, deodorant and
hairsprays
• Nitrites include cyclohexyl
nitrite, butyl nitrite. On the
street they are called “
poppers” or snappers”. They
are found in some room
deodorizers and capsules
that releases vapors when
opened
*Short- term effects of inhaling
chemicals:
• Increased heart rate
• hallucinations or delusions
• losing feeling or consciousness
• Nausea or vomiting
• loss of coordination
• slurred speech
*Health problems:
• brain damage
• muscle weakness
• depression
• headaches and nosebleed
• loss of sense of smell or he
*Causes of Death
• Sudden Sniffing Death- this is
most common cause of death
from inhalants use.
• Asphyxia- toxic fumes replaced
oxygen in the lungs so that a
person stops breathing.
• Choking- a user can choke on his or
her vomit
• Suffocation
• Injuries
• Suicide
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines
refers to drugs that you buy
without prescription from a doctor
or physician. Some OTC medicines
relief aches, pain and itches and
some prevent or cure diseases
like tooth decay and
athlete's foot.
Guidelines for choosing and Using Over-
the-counter (OTC) Drugs
1. Make sure that the self diagnosis
is as accurate as possible. Do not
assume the problem is “something
that is going around”
2. Choose a product because the
ingredients are appropriate for
the condition, not because the
product has a familiar brand name.
3. Choose a product with the fewest
appropriate ingredients.
4. Read the labels carefully to
determine the correct dose and
precautions, including what
conditions would make the
drug a poor choice.
5. When in doubt, ask a pharmacist
or doctor what the most
appropriate ingredient of product
is.
6. Ask a pharmacist to check for
potential interactions with other
drugs being used.
7. Ask a pharmacist to identify
possible side effects.
8. Do not take more than the
recommended dose.
9. Do not take an OTC drug longer
than a maximum time suggested on
the label. Stop taking the drug if
symptoms worsen.

3. MUSIC & ARTS
Asian Musical and Popular theater
Forms
* Elements of Artistic Expressions*
• Line- It has direction, since
motion leads towards something.
• Color- It expresses impressions
and feelings.
• Sound- It is vibration that is
created and travels.
• Shape- As the line moves, shape
is formed. If straight and precise
lines of edges are used, geometric
shapes are produced.
• Space- It refer to the field in
which the art exist; it is an
element that the artist works
with.
• Rhythm- It expresses the impulse
as well but more than just that, it
provides the pulse of life of the
art work.
• Movement- It refers to the
energy impulses that the art form
carries.
• Texture- it refers to the tactile
quality of surface.
Asian musical and popular
theater
Sarswela -a traditional Spanish
musical drama adapted in the
Philippines
Its origin is in the
Spanish zarzuela, which was a
musical dramatic form with spoken
dialogue.
The word zarzuela comes from the
name of a hunting lodge in Spain
that was used by royalty. El
Palacio de la
Kabuki- is a
classical Japanese dance-drama.
Kabuki theatre is known for the
stylization of its drama and for
the elaborate make-up worn by
some of its performers.
• Peking Opera - Peking Opera is
regarded as possibly the highest
artistic expression of the rich
culture and tradition of
China. Combining singing, speaking,
martial art forms, and abstract
movement, including pantomime,
Peking Opera is not only an artistic
treasure, but also an archive of
China's history as told by the
extensive repertoire performed by
the Peking Opera. Peking Opera
did not originate in
Peking. Interestingly, opera is
actually a combination of styles
that were active and popular in
China about 200 years ago.
• Wayang Kulit- is a type of puppet
shadow play performed around the
Indomalayan archipelago, tracing
its origins to India. It is derived
from a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist
tradition, where hand-crafted
leather puppets depict epic stories
of the gods in shadow play. A
traditional Gamelan orchestra
would accompany the story-telling.
Wayang, in modern Indonesian
language, is loosely translated to mean
"show" or "performance".Kulit means
"skin", a reference to the leather
material that the figures are carved out
of. Some attribute the word wayang to
the Indonesian word bayang which means
"shadow"
Basic Elements of Theater
• Audience
• Performers
• Stages or space ( the
environment in which the theater
event takes place)
• Director's supervision of the
production
• Purpose of a theater piece
• Viewpoint of the playwright ( the
creation of dramatic structure
and dramatic characters)

4. PHYSICAL EDUCATION
A. CORDILLERA DANCES-
dances of the high land people;
movements are grounded and
humble yet powerful. of
performer's bodies.
* habi- pattern fabrics used in
their costumes differ frome tribe
to tribe, creating a distinct
identity of their races.
Musical instrument:
gangsa- an indigenous metal
instrument
tong-a-tong - a set of bamboo
instrument with a close node in one
end and an open node in the other.
Rik-rak – indigenous percussion
instrument made out of seasoned
bamboo beaten with two bamboo
sticks.
Bumayah- a celebration of victory
through the canao
Ragragsakan – a dance of kalinga
females which shows their skillful
balancing of the labba water,
washing bathing nd display of
colorful garments
Idaw – a dance which depicts an
omen that tells whether of not
they will gain victory in a tribal
war.
B. MUSLIM DANCES- colorful
dances of both the royalty and
slaves; expressions aren't seen in
faces but in the manipulation of
implements such as fans, swords,
umbrellas and others.
Kunlintang and gong- rhythmically
played for the intricate and
distinctive display of steps.
C.SPANISH-INFLUENCE
DANCES- dances of spanish origin;
sophisticated and refine.
D. RURAL OR COUNTRYSIDE
DANCES- happy and playful
dances; occupational in nature and
sometimes mimetic, imitating
animal movements such as birds,
monkey, fish and others.
Elements of Movements in Space
• Movement- is the basic building
block of dance. It is the
performer's medium in expressing
emotions, entertaining spectators
and communicating ideas.
• Rhythm – the regular recurrence
of beat
• Range- is the limit or scope of
movement.
• Focus- It is the focal point of a
performer's attention as he
execute the movements.
• Level- movement has three levels;
low, medium and high .Low, when
movements are done on bent
knees, medium , if movements are
executed in a normal standing
stance where knees and trunk are
in normal angles; high if heels are
raised and the body extended
upward as movements are done.
• Direction- help a performer adopt
himself through space as e travels.
• Floor Pattern – is the design
created on the floor with the use
of Visual and sound effect.