Dadaism was an early 20th century avant-garde art movement that originated in Zurich and flourished in several European cities. It rejected reason and logic, emphasizing nonsense, irrationality and chance. Key figures included Jean Arp, Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia. Dadaism used techniques like found objects, cut-up words and absurdist performances to mock bourgeois values and protest World War I. While short-lived, Dadaism had a lasting influence on later movements like Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art that embraced aspects of chance, absurdity and anti-art sentiments.

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7. DADAISM

8. Dadaism
Nihilistic movement in the arts. It originated in Zürich,
Switz., in 1916 and flourished in New York City, Paris, and
the German cities of Berlin, Cologne, and Hannover in
the early 20th century. The name, French for
“hobbyhorse,” was selected by a chance procedure and
adopted by a group of artists, including Jean Arp, Marcel
Duchamp, Man Ray, and Francis Picabia, to symbolize
their emphasis on the illogical and absurd. The
movement grew out of disgust with bourgeois values and
despair over World War I. The archetypal Dada forms of
expression were the nonsense poem and the ready-
made. Dada had far-reaching effects on the art of the 20th
century; the creative techniques of accident and chance
were sustained in Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism,
conceptual art, and Pop art.

9. "Dada Knows everything. Dada spits on everything. Dada says
"knowthing,"
Dada has no fixed ideas. Dada does not catch flies.
Dada is bitterness laughing at everything that has been
accomplished, sanctified....
Dada is never right...
No more painters, no more writers, no more religions, no more
royalists, no more anarchists,
no more socialists, no more politics, no more airplanes, no more
urinals...
Like everything in life, Dada is useless, everything happens in a
completely idiotic way...
We are incapable of treating seriously any subject whatsoever, let
alone this subject: ourselves."

10. You are all indicted; stand up! Stand up as you would for the
Marseillaise or God Save the King....
Dada alone does not smell: it is nothing, nothing, nothing.
It is like your hopes: nothing.
like your paradise: nothing.
like your idols: nothing.
like your politicians: nothing.
like your heroes: nothing.
like your artists: nothing.
like your religions: nothing.
Hiss, shout, kick my teeth in, so what? I shall still tell you that you
are half-wits. In three months my friends and I will be selling you
our pictures for a few francs.
(Manifeste cannibale dada by Francis Picabia, read at the Dada
soirée at the Théâtre de la Maison de l'Oeuvre, Paris, 27 March
1920.)

11. Duchamp’s Bicycle
Wheel Ready-Made
(1917)

12. Picabia’s
Ici C¹est Ici Stieglitz
1917

13. Duchamp’s
L.H.O.O.Q.
1919

14. Picabia’s Portrait
of Cezanne 1920

15. Hannah Hoch’s
Pretty Maiden
1920

16. Duchamp’s The Bride
Stripped Bare by Her
Bachelors, Even
1915-1923

17. Tristan Tzara

19. The Greatest Dada Show Ever (1919)
Eggling appeared first... and delivered a very serious speech about elementary "Gestalung"
and abstract art. This only disturbed the audience insofar as they wanted to be disturbed but
weren't. Then followed Susanne Perrottet's dances to compositions by Schonberg, Satie and
others. She wore a Negroid mask by Janco, but they let that pass. Some poems by Huelsenbeck
and Kandisky, recited by Kathe Wulff, were greeted with laughter and catcalls by a few
members of the audience. Then all hell broke loose. A "PoŽme simultanŽ" by Tristan Tzara,
performed by twenty people who did not always keep in time with each other. This was what
the audience and especially its younger members, had been waiting for . Shouts, whistles,
chanting in unison, laughter... all of which mingled more or less anti-harmoniously with the
bellowing of the twenty on the platform.
Tzara had set an intermission of sorts after the poem. If he had not done so, the crowd would
have made continuing the performance nearly impossible. In the second half, Richter gave an
address called "Against, Without, For Dada", in which he cursed the audience. Music, or "anti-
tunes" by Hans Heusser followed, more dances from Perrottet and a piece by Arp called
"Cloud Pump." The audience greeted this with cries of "Rubbish."
Walter Serner came to the stage next. He was dressed as a groom would be for a wedding, and
carried a headless tailor's dummy. He offered a smell of artificial flowers to the dummy, then
lay the bouquet at its feet. He then brought a chair onto stage and began to read from his
anarchistic credo, "Final Dissolution", with his back to the audience.
The tension in the hall became unbearable. At first it was so quiet that you could hear a pin
drop. Then the catcalls began, scornful at first, then furious. "Rat, bastard, you've got nerve!"
until the noise almost drowned Serner's voice, which could be heard, during a momentary lull,
saying the words "Napoleon was a big, strong oaf, after all."

20. Dada Publications

21. Picabia’s Protest Against
Futurism (1917)

22. FUTURISM

23. Futurism
Futurism was an international art movement founded in Italy
in 1909. It was (and is) a refreshing contrast to the weepy
sentimentalism of Romanticism. The Futurists loved speed,
noise, machines, pollution, and cities; they embraced the
exciting new world that was then upon them rather than
hypocritically enjoying the modern world’s comforts while
loudly denouncing the forces that made them possible.
Fearing and attacking technology has become almost
second nature to many people today; the Futurist manifestos
show us an alternative philosophy.
Too bad they were all Fascists.

24. Filippo Tommaso Marinetti,
founder of Futurism

25. Abstract Light
& Space

26. La Citta Nuova (The New City)
Antonio Sant'Elia, 1914

27. collage

28. concrete poetry

29. Unique Form of Continuity in Space
Umberto Boccioni, 1913
Bronze (1264 x 890 x 406)
Private Collection, Rome
kinetic sculpture

30. Patriotic Celebration
(Free Word Painting)
Carlo Carrà
1914
Collage on cardboard

31. Gun In Action
Gino Severini
1915
Oil on canvas
(500 x 600)
Museum Ludwig

32. FUTURIST SINTESI (EXAMPLE)
Education, by Angelo Rognoni
A classroom.
THE PROFESSOR (thirty years old. He is reading, to his
students.): Dante is a great poet. He wrote the "Divine Comedy"
and ...
(Several seconds of darkness.)
THE PROFESSOR (forty years old. He is reading with a bored
voice): Dante is a great poet. He wrote the "Divine Comedy" and ...
THE PROFESSOR (sixty years old. He is like a gramophone.):
Dante is a great poet..
PUPIL (interrupting him): Why?
THE PROFESSOR (surprised and embarrassed): It is printed here.
Sit down and be quiet. Dante is a great poet. He wrote...
CURTAIN

33. Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Emilio Settimelli, and Bruno Corra
from "The Futurist Synthetic Theatre" (1915)
http://www.cis.vt.edu/modernworld/d/futurist.html
http://www.unknown.nu/futurism/
Red Pages

34. EXPRESSIONISM

35. Expressionism
An artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not
objective reality but rather the subjective emotions
and responses that objects and events arouse in him.
He accomplishes his aim through distortion,
exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the
vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal
elements.
In a broader sense Expressionism is one of the main
currents of art in the later 19th and the 20th centuries,
and its qualities of highly subjective, personal,
spontaneous self-expression are typical of a wide
range of modern artists and art movements.

36. The Scream
(or The Cry)
1893

37. Puberty
1895

38. Death in
the
Sickroom
c. 1895

40. Munch’s The Sick Child 1907

41. Georges Rouault The Slaughter 1907

42. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Dresden: Schlossplatz, 1926

43. Max Beckmann
Carnival (Fastnacht)
1920

44. Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Dr. Rosa Schapire, 1919

45. Egon Schiele, Girl with Black Hair, 1911

46. Otto Dix, The Journalist Sylvia Von Harden, 1926

47. George Grosz, "The Convict": Monteur John Heartfield after Franz
Jung's Attempt to Get Him Up on His Feet, 1920

48. George Grosz
Remember Uncle August, the Unhappy Inventor, 1919

49. Eugene O'Neill
(1888 - 1953)
Born in New York City on
October 16, 1888. O'Neill won
the Nobel Prize for literature
in 1936, and Pulitzer Prizes
for four of his plays: Beyond
the Horizon (1920); Anna
Christie (1922); Strange
Interlude (1928); and Long
Day's Journey Into Night
(1957). O'Neill is credited
with raising American
dramatic theater from its
narrow origins to an art form
respected around the world.
He is regarded as America's
premier playwright.

52. The Adding Machine

54. Harald Kreutzberg

55. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8455250375270835043&q=caligari
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4753959283195797391&q=caligari
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (Germany, 1919)

59. Nostferatu (Germany, 1922)
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6185283610506001721

60. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSpowoKqSzc
Dark City 1998

61. Dark City

62. Tim Burton

63. Ballet Version (Below)

64. Costume Designs for Burton’s Films

65. Machinal at BU

67. Machinal at George Fox Univ.